What is Iceland known for in the world. Who lives well in Iceland

And China is considered real and understandable.

Old house in Iceland

But for the Russians, who are used to living in the far north in the tundra and in the mountains of the Urals and the Caucasus, to be drawn to an even greater adventure, something extremely tempting must happen that will bring benefits. But in connection with the events taking place in Russia and Ukraine, in 2020 many began to consider all possible options for moving to calm countries with a higher standard of living.

However, not everything is predictable, sometimes fate makes such turns that it is impossible to prepare for, which you learn about at the moment of committing. If fate gives you a one-way ticket to Iceland, should you refuse? Maybe there you will find a paradise for your soul.

It is impossible to compare the mentality of the Icelanders with the European, but it is somewhat similar to the Scandinavian. Until the middle of the 20th century, this nation lived very ascetic, due to its remoteness from the mainland. The descendants of the Vikings have kept their traditions, they honor them today. True, modernity has not bypassed the island, which we will talk about further.

Panoramic view of Reykjavik

People here are hardworking, accustomed to making money with their own hands: fishing, farming, mining. When the United States and Great Britain considered Iceland to be their "territory", the inhabitants of the island responded to this intervention in a peculiar way, turning the situation in their favor.

They managed to establish the fishing industry with the sale of products to these countries, and then around the world. The state grew rich before our eyes. To this day, residents work in their traditional sectors of the economy, the service sector, for example, tourism, began to develop in part.

Europeans may consider Icelanders a redneck because of their habits from the past rural life, because the urban population has become relatively recent. They are simple people, but honest and accustomed to following the rules and laws. Sometimes pedantic, however, they have great fun and walk on holidays, pouring non-stop strong drinks and eating haucarle.

Haukarl - Iceland's national dish

This national Icelandic dish will seem to our taste completely disgusting and terrible in fact, since it is rotten shark meat. The Vikings also came up with such a way of eating the meat of Greenland sharks so as not to be poisoned by the poisonous compounds contained in it.

Another feature that is attributed to the national mentality is love for one's neighbor.

There are almost no accidents involving pedestrians in the country, since not a single motorist will allow a collision and let a person pass, even if it takes a long time to wait.

The same happens with other cars: Icelanders let each other pass courteously or wait obediently in a traffic jam while two drivers in front blocked traffic due to dialogue.

In the country, more than 98% of the inhabitants are indigenous Icelanders, they care about the purity of the nation and rarely mix with other peoples; there are very few visiting foreigners and they are obliged to strictly follow the local rules of life, so immigration to the country is insignificant.

Hospital building in Iceland

A high standard of living is manifested in the personal position of each citizen in relation to the whole society and the future. So, about 96% of the inhabitants of the island have true friends and, in general, trust politicians; voter turnout reaches 80% and embodies the good citizenship of the population. About 85% of people are satisfied with their lives and consider themselves happy.

Iceland Economy

Let's talk in more detail about work, because it is thanks to constant income that a person buys goods and services and is the engine of trade that contributes to the development of the region's economy as a whole.

We have already said that 80% of the active adult population has a job, and 90% are people with a diploma. Men are more employed than women, but the difference is small.

The average annual salary in Iceland is $ 40,000 or $ 3,300 per month: 20% of people each receive incomes above and below average, but in general the state provides equal opportunities, regardless of gender, age and education.

There is practically no long-term unemployment in the country, only about 13% of the active population are currently looking for work.

Now let us touch on the issue of pensioners, which become citizens (about half of all) at the age of 65–69 years. Perhaps, among all Europeans, these are the most courageous and risk-taking retirees, because there is no age limit in order to retire. A person can do this earlier, but then his income will be very small in comparison with others, so people work as much as they want.

This model exists in all Scandinavian countries, which probably explains the stable social life. Pension in Iceland averages 1550 US dollars, which is again comparable to all Scandinavian countries and is considered quite high in Europe.

Prices for staple foods in metropolitan Reykjavik in 2015: water costs US $ 2, the same price for bread; a dozen eggs will cost twice as much; 1kg of chicken breasts sells for US $ 20, while a bottle of wine costs US $ 17 on average.

As you can see, the prices are much higher than in Moscow. A liter of gasoline costs US $ 2.07, which is again higher than today in our capital.

A similar high cost of living applies to housing, be it renting or buying your own apartment. 1 sq. m of housing in a residential area of ​​Reykjavik costs $ 2,200 against $ 2,800 in the city center.

Residential building in Reykjavik

You can rent a one-room apartment in a residential area for $ 880, and for $ 1170 in the center. True, for a three-room apartment in the center, you will have to pay only $ 1,800. This is more or less the same with the Moscow rental market.

World Bank Headquarters

Since the collapse of the USSR, our countries have been perfectly cooperating on a number of economic agreements. Dialogues on increasing the volume of fishing, the aluminum industry and tourism are especially promising.

Iceland and the European Union

Iceland's relations with the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the EU) are complicated. Back in 2009, an application for membership was submitted; the current president of the country won the election on promises to improve the quality of life of the population after Iceland becomes a member of the EU.

Many expected that membership would take place by 2011, but the situation had changed dramatically by 2013. The fact is that the main income of many Icelanders is still associated with fishing, the quotas for which the EU decided to reduce in order to redistribute them among other coastal states.

fishing boat in Iceland

This situation did not suit the Icelanders, and they demanded that the government hold a referendum. It was there that it was decided to withdraw the application. A proud nation decided not to belong to the European Union. Someone did not like it, there were rallies, but in general, the life of the Icelanders remained the same.

Iceland is not a member of the European Union and will not enter it with the conditions that Brussels put forward to it. In 2015, she withdrew her application to join the EU.

Iceland and the Schengen Agreement

Since 1996, Iceland has been a member of the Schengen zone, and it has been granted the right to visit all other countries that are parties to the treaty. It also left a significant positive imprint on her foreign policy with neighboring countries and the rest of the world.

Internal migration among the Schengen countries remains at about the same level, although less developed countries are losing their inhabitants in favor of rich countries. External migration of the population is practically absent from Iceland. There are very few states in the world that can boast of the absence of foreign residents.

Iceland is called "the land of ice". Where there is no ice, there are mountains, volcanoes, bare land or lakes. Tourists come here as to the "end of the world", because such landscapes cannot be found in any other corner of the Earth. Most of the attractions are natural objects - waterfalls, an ice lagoon, geysers, large national parks. A certain proportion of travelers are those who came to see the famous Northern Lights on purpose.

However, you shouldn't think that Iceland has nothing to show in the cultural aspect. The capital of the country is actively developing and can offer travelers many places to explore - a concert hall where world celebrities often perform, and various museums. The city of Husavik is popular among tourists. Sightseeing sites include the Whale Museum and the shocking Phallological Museum.

The best hotels and hotels at affordable prices.

from 500 rubles / day

What to see in Iceland?

The most interesting and beautiful places, photos and a short description.

1. Hallgrimskirkja

2. Sculpture "Sun Voyager" (Reykjavik)

The name translates as "sun wanderer". The sculpture, popular among tourists, is installed on the embankment in the very center of the city. The author of the monument, artist Jon Gunnar Arnason, created the sketch being seriously ill. Simple in appearance, it carries deep symbolism. The ship-like design means the pursuit of dreams and new horizons. The structure is 3 meters high and 4 meters long.

3. Laugavegur Street (Reykjavik)

One of the most popular shopping streets in Reykjavik. The atmosphere of the "old" city is felt in it. In the past, this street led to hot springs where laundries were located. Some of the most popular goods for tourists on this street are items made from volcanic lava. The second most popular souvenir from here is a lamb's wool sweater. In the evening, shops stop working, and bars, nightclubs and restaurants open.

4. Perlan (Reykjavik)

City boiler house building. Its hemispherical dome is like a flower, each petal of which is a reservoir of hot water. The building is multifunctional and is popular not only among tourists, but also among city residents. On the ground floor there is a winter garden, in the center of which there is a geyser. Some of the floors are occupied by shops. On the top floor there is an observation deck with telescopes.

5. Concert Hall "Harpa" (Reykjavik)

The concert hall building looks like two giant shards of basalt - the rock that makes up most of Iceland's mountains. The construction of the hall took several years due to funding problems and was completed in 2011. Harp's premises include not only 4 concert halls, but also conference and seminar rooms, shops, cafes and restaurants, as well as an observation deck overlooking the center of Reykjavik.

6. Exhibition "871 +/- 2" (Reykjavik)

The exhibition is located in the city center. It contains ancient and ancient artifacts from the times of the first settlers. Also on display are a variety of interactive exhibits. The museum building was built on the site of the 10th century huts, and the exhibition is located in the basement of this building. Exhibits of the exhibition are household and cultural items of the 9th century. The central exhibit is a hut from the time of the first settlers.

7. National Museum of Iceland (Reykjavik)

The exposition of the museum contains the most valuable objects of culture and everyday life of the Icelandic people. Here you can trace the history of the country in different eras. The museum was opened in 1863, and in 1950 he settled in a building specially built for his needs. The permanent exhibition of the National Museum is about 2,000 exhibits. The number of photographs, prints and drawings exceeds 4 million. The museum organizes educational events.

8. Arbaeyarsafn

Folklore open-air museum. Founded in 1957 to preserve traditions from generation to generation. The museum complex includes dwelling houses of peasants, a Catholic church, and workers' workshops. Each building houses a thematic exhibition. The place is popular with tourists. They come to get to know the culture and way of life of Icelanders, distinctive folklore and interesting architecture.

9. Whale Museums in Reykjavik and Husavik

Whaling in Iceland has been a long-standing subject of controversy. Activists and scientists opposed to him have founded whale museums. The exposition of the museum in Reykjavik consists of 23 life-size whale models. It creates the illusion of being under water - with the help of blue lighting and a sound system. The Husavik Whale Museum is less technologically advanced than the Reykjavik Museum. Its main exhibit is the skeleton of a whale.

10. Phallological Museum (Reykjavik)

The museum has no analogues in the world in terms of the uniqueness of the exposition. Visitors can see the canned penises of various mammalian species, including humans. There are about 200 exhibits in the museum. Themed paintings and sculptures are also displayed, and some of the artworks are made from the genitals themselves. Museum founder Sigurdur Hyartarson has been collecting this extraordinary collection since 1974.

11. Aurora Reykjavik (Reykjavik)

An interactive center where, thanks to the latest technologies, they recreate the Northern Lights for visitors. The room with the projection of the Northern Lights is the centerpiece of the museum. Other sections provide photographs, educational materials and the history of the study of this natural phenomenon. Visitors can take colorful photos in a special photo booth. There is a souvenir shop with themed goods.

12. Monument to Leif Eriksson (Reykjavik)

Located at the entrance to Hallgrimskirkja Lutheran Church. Leif Eriksson or Leif the Happy was born in Iceland at the end of the 10th century, became famous as a great navigator and ruler of Greenland. The sculpture of a significant person in Icelandic history was donated to Reykjavik by the United States in 1930 in honor of the millennium of the Icelandic Parliament. The sculptor Stirling Calder symbolically depicted the navigator standing on the bow of the boat.

13. Blue Lagoon

Geothermal natural complex. The resort is known all over the world, some call it the symbol of the country. The peninsula, where the natural pool is located, is formed of porous lava, through which sea water seeps, forming a sky-turquoise color. The water temperature even in winter is not less than + 37 ° С. The mineral water of the complex has a unique composition, it does not contain bacteria. The bottom is covered with healthy white clay.

14. Route "Golden Ring"

The most popular excursion route in Iceland among tourists. The most interesting natural attractions in it are the Gullfoss waterfall, the Thingvellir national park, the hot river in Hveragerdi, the valley of the Høykadalur geysers with the Strokkur and Geysir geysers. Some tour operators offer day trips along this route, but experienced travelers advise to devote at least 2-3 days to it.

15. Laugavegur

The most famous hiking trail in Iceland. It is considered one of the most beautiful and picturesque in the world. The hike takes 3-4 days on average, the length is 55 km, the highest point is 1050 meters. On the way, there are small bases where you can spend the night. The trail goes through mountains, glaciers, lava fields. On the way, tourists come across many waterfalls, lakes and picturesque rivers.

16. Thingvellir

The national park is included in the list of objects protected by UNESCO. Founded in 1928. The park is located 40 km from the capital, on the border of two lithospheric plates. Earthquakes are not uncommon here. The park includes Lake Tingvadlavatn, the largest lake in Iceland, with a depth of about 100 meters. Part of the park is an active volcanic zone. The most notable volcano in this area is the Hengil volcano.

17. Skaftafell

Founded in 1967. The natural landscape of the national park is formed by the interaction of fire and water, namely the eruptions of the Eraivajökull volcano under the Skeidaraurjökull and Skaftafellsjökull glaciers, as well as the flows of the Morsau and Skeidarau rivers. The park is partially covered with birch forest. The area is popular with tourists as it has specially designated camping areas and hiking trails.

18. Surtsey

The emergence of the island is due to the eruption of an underwater volcano in 1963. Similar geological events took place on Earth millions of years ago during the formation of continents. The height of the island is 50 meters above sea level, the area is 2.5 km². From the first days of its existence to the present day, the island has been the object of close study of the processes of the origin and spread of life.

19. Valley of Geysers of Høykadalur

The unusual valley is located in the south of Iceland and is part of the Golden Ring route. The abundance of geysers in this place attracts the attention of many tourists. The geyser with the name Geysir is noteworthy. The Great Geyser throws out large jets of steam several times a day, but not periodically. The second popular geyser called Strokkoyur is more predictable - it releases jets of hot water every 10 minutes.

20. Gullfoss waterfall

One of the most beautiful waterfalls in Iceland. Consists of two steps 21 meters and 11 meters high. The steps are located at an angle of 90 ° to each other. The volume of water passing through the waterfall is impressive - in summer it reaches 130 m³ / sec. At the top of the waterfall is the Sigriudur Toumasdouttir monument. This is the daughter of the owner of the land, on the territory of which there was a waterfall at the beginning of the 20th century. According to legend, it was she who did not allow the use of the waterfall for the needs of the hydroelectric power station.

21. Dettifoss waterfall

It is known as the most powerful waterfall in Europe. Its name means "seething waterfall". Located in the large national park Jokulsaurgluvur. Near it are two other picturesque and popular waterfalls - Selfoss and Hafragilfoss, as well as Lake Myvatn. The Dettifoss waterfall is 100 meters wide. Its waters fall down from a height of 44 meters. Water consumption during a flood reaches 600 m³ / sec.

22. Skogafoss Falls

It is one of the most visited not only in Iceland, but also in the world. Located next to the Eyjafjallajökull glacier near the village of Skogar. In the past, there was a coastline in this place. Especially for tourists, a hiking trail has been laid to the top of the Fimmvurduhalus pass. It offers a beautiful view of the 60-meter waterfall. Its width is 25 meters. You can see a rainbow in the spray of the waterfall on a sunny day.

23. Seljalandsfoss waterfall

It is located on the Seljalandsau River at the site of the former coastline, over which it rises 60 meters. Behind the waterfall, inside the rocky cliffs, there is a deep indentation. It is accessible to people, so the Seljalandsfoss waterfall can be viewed from all sides. It looks especially beautiful at sunset hours. Near the waterfall there is a site for setting up tents and resting tourists.

24. Landmannaloygar

The Landmannaloygar Valley is part of a large nature reserve in Iceland. Lava and water formations create an unusual landscape of the valley. The mountains of this bridge are created by crystallized formations of volcanic rock. The color of these stones changes depending on the lighting. It can be yellow or red with purple or green streaks. Routes of varying difficulty are laid along the valley.

25. Kerid

Crater lake in the south of Iceland. It is included in the volcanic zone together with the Langjökull glacier and the Reykjanes peninsula. The red colored hollow of the volcano is typical of volcanic rock. It is 55 meters deep and 170 meters wide. The basin of the lake is quite ancient - it was formed about three thousand years ago. The lake is about 10 meters deep and has an unusual color with a bright aquamarine hue.

26. Fjadrarglufur Canyon

The hotel is located next to a small fishing village in the east of Iceland. The scenic views of this canyon attract travelers from all over the world. In terms of its size, it is one of the largest among such canyons. Fjadrarglufur Canyon was formed more than 2 million years ago after a large glacier disappeared. It is distinguished by its vertical walls. Its length is about 2 km; a small river flows along the bottom of the canyon.

27. Mount Kirkufell

With its steep slopes, the mountain resembles the roof of a Lutheran church. The slopes got this shape after the glacier disappeared. The height of the mountain is 463 meters. At the foot there is a small waterfall, photos from this angle are especially successful. Travelers usually take a walk around the mountain - it will take no more than an hour. You can climb to its top only with special equipment.

28. Lake Myvatn

A beautiful lake in the north of Iceland. The diameter of the lake is 10 km. The area around it is considered the most popular tourist area in the country. On the hills by the lake, there are both indoor geothermal pools and outdoor hot water pools. Fishing in the lake is carried out only under a license. For fans of the "Game of Thrones" series, the lake is interesting because several scenes of the fifth season were filmed on its shores.

29. Jokulsarlon Glacial Lagoon

The ice lagoon is the largest in Iceland. The area of ​​the lagoon is 20 km², the depth reaches 200 meters. From the coast you can see a large ice cap, from which icebergs often break off. Blocks of ice can be up to 30 meters in size. Jeep and snowmobile tours are popular to see the icebergs stuck to the lagoon. The Jokulsarlon Lagoon is a popular filming location for films and commercials.

30. Diamond Beach

The name "Diamond Beach" comes from the ice crystals scattered on the black sandy shore. Ice shards of various sizes and incredible shapes are pieces of hundreds of icebergs in the Jokulsarlon Lagoon. Crystals on the shore and icebergs in the water look especially beautiful under the rays of the setting or rising sun. At such moments, shards of ice shimmer with all the colors of the rainbow.

31. Reynisfjara Beach

Popular with tourists due to its black volcanic sandy coast. It was formed over many years of crushing frozen lava with water. Picturesque grottoes of black shining stone on the shore seem to transport vacationers to another reality. The beach is more than 5 km long and several tens of meters wide. Near the shore there are tall basalt columns called "Troll's Fingers".

32. Cape Dirholaei

Locals call this cape "a hole in the door". By their shape, the rocks on the shore really resemble doorways. The landscape is striking in its color scale - the gray color of volcanic rocks smoothly turns into the black color of the sand on the coast and the blue water of the ocean. Cape Dyrholaey is a conservation area. Therefore, during the nesting season of birds from mid-May to mid-June, access to the cape is prohibited.

33. "Column of Peace"

The memorial was erected in memory of the musician John Lennon. The installation was initiated by his widow Yoko Ono. The monument is a white stone pedestal. Rays of light go from it to the sky, forming a tower. In good cloudless weather, the rays can reach four kilometers in height. As conceived by the authors of the project, the tower symbolizes the struggle for world peace, which began by John Lennon and Yoko Ono in the 60s of the XX century.

34. Wreckage of the Douglas DC-3

The skeleton of an aircraft that made an emergency landing in 1973. None of the crew were injured. The military took all valuable equipment from the plane, and left the empty hull at the landing site. A 4 km long paved route leads to the plane from the car park. Tourists who have been there talk about the incredible impressions of the sight of the wreckage of the plane in the middle of the deserted kilometers of the black beach.

35. Northern Lights

Iceland is one of the few countries where you can see the Northern Lights. The most likely period to see this natural phenomenon firsthand is from September to April. It is also recommended to go to the north of the country or to the West Fjords - the dark time there lasts longer, which means there are more chances to see the longed-for multi-colored flashes in the sky. For those wishing to "catch" the northern lights, there are special organized self-guided tours.

Iceland will be the subject of our review today. Description of the country, interesting facts, attractions - all this in the material below.

general information

Iceland is an island and a state. is 103 thousand sq. km, where about 322 thousand people live. The capital is the city of Reykjavik, where one third of the total population of the country is concentrated, and more than half with the suburbs. The official language is Icelandic, and the currency is the Icelandic krone, which in 2016 was at 122 kroons per 1 USD. Iceland is a parliamentary republic, headed by a president who is elected for a 4-year term. To enter the country, Russian citizens need a passport and a Schengen visa.

Location

Iceland - a land of ice - is located at the northern tip of the Atlantic Ocean, up to the North Pole, large areas of land no longer exist. Its northern part is located near the Arctic Circle.

The island is removed from the rest of Europe: from the nearest Faroe Islands at 420 km, from the island of Great Britain at 860 km, and from the nearest point on the continental coast of Norway at 970 km. An interesting fact is that, despite this, Iceland belongs to European countries, although it is much closer to the North American island of Greenland - by 287 km.

Iceland: interesting facts about the country

The discovery of Iceland dates back to the end of the 8th century by Irish monks, and after them the Normans Nadod and Floki arrived here. Following these events, at the end of the 9th century, the island began to be actively populated by Vikings - immigrants from Norway, who for half a century managed to master almost all land suitable for living and economic development.

In 1264, Iceland was annexed to Norway, and in 1381, it is part of Denmark. The country received its independence only in 1944.

The inhabitants of the island are a courageous and proud people who respect their historical past and cultural traditions. Especially to the old Icelandic legends - sagas telling about family strife, exciting events, about elves, gnomes and other mysterious characters, in the existence of which some residents still believe.

Iceland is that there is practically no crime - there is only one prison, and it contains no more than a dozen people. Policemen walk around here without weapons, but there is no army at all.

The modern economy is based on only two industries - aluminum processing and fishing. By the way, it will be said that the islanders are second only to Norway in annual catch volumes from European countries.

Iceland is one of the prosperous states. So, the average per capita annual income here is $ 39,000 (according to our ruble standards, every resident here, including an infant, is a millionaire).

Nature

The country of Iceland, for all its modest size, is the world's largest volcanic island. The relief of the island is predominantly mountainous, the peaks are the vents of extinct and active volcanoes. The highest of them is the Hvannadalskhnukur peak (2,110 m), located on the southwestern coast. The lowest point is located very nearby - this is the lagoon of the glacial lake (0 meters above sea level).

Many of the active volcanoes from time to time declare themselves powerful eruptions. The largest volcano on the island is the famous Hekla (1488 meters), located not far from the "Greater Reykjavik" and scared the locals with its eruption in 2000.

The longest river on the island is Tjoursau (237 km). Of other water bodies, glaciers and glacial lakes abound, which are ubiquitous and innumerable.

Iceland is unique in its variety of natural landscapes. In addition to glaciers, the surface of the country is covered with lava fields in many places. Geysers and hot springs are common in these areas. Stony placers covered with thick mosses and lichens, islets of birch forests and meadows of gramineous herbs are widespread on the island. Waterfalls make the area in different parts of the island especially picturesque. On the west coast, numerous fjords are striking with their beauty. National parks have been created in the country to protect the stunning nature.

Climate and typical weather

Iceland is a northern country that doesn't quite live up to its icy name. The Gulf Stream washing it, especially from the south, does not allow it to become a cold, harsh desert.

Winters are relatively warm here, with an average monthly temperature of -1 ° C, which can be the envy of many of Russia's southern territories. However, in some periods of this season, cold winds are frequent, which, together with accumulations of drifting Arctic ice, especially in the southeast, cause sharp drops in temperature down to -30 ° C. The duration of daylight hours is no more than five hours.

Summer is not hot here. Average temperatures in July are only + 12 ° C. The warmest on the southern coast - up to +20 ° C, with highs up to + 30 ° C. During the summer period, the entire island is illuminated by the sun around the clock, and there are white nights characteristic of the polar latitudes.

Precipitation is unevenly distributed over the island. For example, on the western coast, their number ranges from 1300 to 2000 mm per year, on the northeastern coast, their rate is up to 750 mm, and in the mountainous part of the southern regions they can be up to 4000 mm.

The weather here is very changeable, and it can be said without exaggeration that it can change in just a few minutes. Just now it was warm and sunny, when suddenly the sky was clouded over, and a cold, dank wind blew. Residents of the country jokingly tell their visiting guests and tourists: "If suddenly you did not like something about the weather, then do not despair, wait half an hour and it will change."

Reykjavik landmarks

Reykjavik is the main city, the capital of Iceland. What country cannot boast of a huge number of attractions? So Iceland has something to show tourists. In particular, historical and architectural monuments, museums and modern institutions are located in its main city. Among them, the attention of tourists is attracted by:

• The Hallgrimskirkja Temple is a cult Lutheran building of the mid-20th century, in the form of a volcanic eruption. There is a large organ inside. In front of the church is the statue of the Happy.
• Cathedral, which is the main temple, built at the end of the 18th century.
• The building of the Althing (parliament) in the classicist style, erected in the 19th century.
• Perlan, or pearl, looks like a chamomile with a blue dome. It is located on a high hill and has a revolving platform for viewing the panorama of the city. Inside the building are the Saga Museum, a winter garden, an artificial geyser, shopping pavilions and restaurants.
• "Kaffi Reykjavik" - This bar is unusual in that it consists of solid blocks of ice, and drinks are certainly served in ice glasses.
• Concert hall "Harpa". Its facades consist of multi-colored glass cells, which, using built-in LEDs, impress visitors with a play of colors.

Blue Lagoon

The lagoon is a geothermal source and resort with all the necessary infrastructure. This is perhaps the most famous and visited place for hundreds of thousands of tourists. The lagoon is an artificially created reservoir with a constant temperature of 40 ° C. This is the only place of its kind on the planet that is filled with visitors all year round. It has been found that bathing in the mineral-rich waters of the lake helps heal skin conditions.

Valley of Geysers

It arose in the XIII century after a strong earthquake. The main source, called the Great Geysir, throws out a stream of water of very high temperature to a height of 70 meters from a depth of more than two thousand meters. The contemplation of this magnificent sight leaves a strong impression. There are also places for swimming in less hot springs. Residents use the natural warmth of the geysers to heat their homes.

Seljalandsfoss waterfall

The waterfall is located in the south of the island and is very popular with tourists. Water falls from a height of 60 meters. It flows down from the rocks that used to be the coastline, but now a picturesque valley has formed on this place. The beauty of the waterfall (combined with the surrounding landscape) has no equal. That is why his photographs are featured on calendars and postcards.

Colored mountains

In the warm season of the year, in the Landmannalaugar National Park, you can see a striking sight - colorful mountains. The mountain slopes gleam with unusual stripes - brown, yellow, pink, blue, purple, green, white and black. The reason for this phenomenon is associated with the volcanic origin of rocks. The location of the park near the Hekla volcano makes it one of the most popular tourist centers in the country.

Vatnajökull National Park

What else can you tell us about Iceland? Facts about the country, all its attractions simply cannot be listed in one article. Still, I would like to mention this park. It was created in 2008. It covers almost 12% of Iceland and is the largest in Europe. The main highlight of the park is the glacier of the same name with an area of ​​up to 8100 sq. km and ice thickness up to 500 meters. There are beautiful ice caves under its shell, as well as seven active volcanoes.

As entertainment in Vatnajökull, tourists can take walks in beautiful places, engage in winter sports, but bathing in hot springs located inside ice caves is in special demand.

Undoubtedly, this is only a small part of the natural attractions of the country of Iceland.There are many more interesting and mysterious things awaiting tourists in its vastness.

For most of us, Iceland is associated with the singer Bjork, who was born in this distant country, as well as with the Vikings and the snow. But Iceland, it turns out, has amazing nature with geysers, volcanoes, glaciers and waterfalls. Iceland's nature is a source of inspiration for many photographers and artists. No matter when you visit Iceland (summer or winter), Icelanders will always welcome you with great hospitality.

Geography of Iceland

Iceland is located northwest of Great Britain in the North Atlantic Ocean, where it meets the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is an island. The total territory of Iceland, together with all the islands, is 103,000 sq. Km.

14.3% of Iceland's territory is occupied by lakes and glaciers. Only 23% of Iceland has vegetation that matches the geographic location of this state. The largest lakes in Iceland are Þingvallavatn, Lagarfljót and Mývatn.

Iceland has several volcanoes, some of which are active. Now the most famous Icelandic volcano is Eyjafjallajokudl, due to the eruption of which in 2010 air traffic was paralyzed throughout Europe.

The highest peak in Iceland is Hvannadalshnukur peak, which reaches a height of 2,109 meters.

Capital

The capital of Iceland is Reykjavik, which is now home to more than 125 thousand people. Historians believe that the settlement of people on the territory of modern Reykjavik existed already in the 9th century.

Official language

In Iceland, the official language is Icelandic, which is a Scandinavian language.

Religion

More than 77% of Icelanders are Lutherans (Protestants) belonging to the Church of Iceland. Another 10% of Iceland's inhabitants are Catholics.

State structure

According to the constitution, Iceland is a parliamentary republic, the head of which is a President elected by direct universal suffrage for a 4-year term.

Legislative power belongs to the unicameral Parliament - Althingi, consisting of 63 deputies.

The main political parties in Iceland are the Social Democratic Alliance, the Independence Party, the Green Left and the Progressive Party.

Climate and weather

The climate in Iceland is subarctic maritime, the same as, for example, in Alaska. The warm current of the Gulf Stream has a decisive influence on the Icelandic climate. The climate on the south coast of Iceland is noticeably milder than on the north coast. The average annual air temperature in Iceland is + 5C, and the average annual rainfall is 779 mm.

The highest average air temperature in Iceland is observed in July and August - + 14C.

Average temperature in Reykjavik:

• January - 0С
• February - + 0.5C
• March - + 1.5C
• April - + 4C
• May - + 7C
• June - + 10C
• July - + 11.5C
• August - + 11C
• September - + 8C
• October - + 5C
• November - + 2C
• December - 0С

Sea in Iceland

In the north, Iceland is washed by the Greenland Sea, in the northwest, the Danish Strait separates this country from Greenland, and in the east is the Norwegian Sea.

Rivers and lakes

About 14.3% of Iceland's territory is occupied by glaciers and lakes. The largest lakes are Þingvallavatn, Lagarfljót and Mývatn.

Iceland has many rivers, most of which originate in glaciers. The longest Icelandic rivers include Tjørsau (230 km) in the south of the country and Jökulsau au Fjödlum in the northeast.

There are a lot of salmon in Icelandic rivers, and trout in the lakes.

Story

Iceland was inhabited by Norse Vikings in the 9th century. The first settlement on the site of modern Reykjavik was founded in 874 by Ingolf Arnason.

In 1262, Iceland came under the rule of Norway. Around the middle of the 16th century, Lutheranism began to spread in Iceland. Subsequently, this country became completely Lutheran.

In 1814 Spain became part of Denmark. In the middle of the 19th century, a movement emerged in Iceland that fought for the independence of this country (by peaceful means). As a result, Denmark recognized Iceland's independence in 1918. Thus, the Kingdom of Iceland was proclaimed, having an allied union with Denmark. In June 1944, Iceland was recognized as an independent republic.

In 1946, Iceland was admitted to the UN, and in 1949 it became a member of the NATO military bloc.

Icelandic culture

The origins of Icelandic culture go back to Norwegian traditions. This is due to the fact that it was the Norse Vikings who first settled Iceland.

Some Viking traditions are still preserved in Iceland. So, at the end of January, Icelanders celebrate Men's Day (Bóndadagur). On this day, Icelandic men used to jump around their house while singing songs loudly. In this way, they tried to appease the harsh January weather. Nowadays, few Icelanders jump around their homes on Men's Day, but on this day women give them various gifts and flowers.

At the end of February, Iceland celebrates Women's Day (Konudagur). On this day, Icelandic men bring coffee to their women in bed in the morning and give them flowers.

Icelandic cuisine

The main products of Icelandic cuisine are fish, meat, vegetables, dairy products, cheese. We advise tourists in Iceland to try the following traditional local dishes:

• Hangikjöt - smoked lamb
• Harðfiskur - dried fish;
• Saltkjöt - salted lamb;
• Bjúgu - smoked sausage;
• Þorramatur - marinated meat or fish (including shark meat);
• Lax is a salmon dish.

The traditional Icelandic soft drink, Skyr, is made from sour milk and resembles yogurt.

When it comes to alcoholic beverages in Iceland, the inhabitants of this country prefer beer and the local potato vodka with caraway Brennivín.

Iceland landmarks

Despite the fact that Iceland is a very small country, there are many interesting places for tourists to visit. In our opinion, the top ten Icelandic attractions include the following:

Cities and resorts

The largest Icelandic cities are Habnarfjordur, Akureyri, Kopavogur, and of course Reykjavik.

There are many geysers and lakes in Iceland that have medicinal properties. Therefore, it is not surprising that there are several geothermal resorts in this country. The most famous of them is located on the Blue Lagoon Lake.

Souvenirs / shopping

The nature here is inspiring and the people are very friendly.

This island will not leave you indifferent. Not surprisingly, Iceland has a huge number of writers - the environment can motivate people to create something interesting and unusual.

In Iceland, you can also see many unusual things, and here you will learn about the most interesting of them.

1. The most popular food in Iceland is hot dogs. They are sold almost everywhere - at gas stations, in restaurants and in roadside establishments.

2. In 1998, a study was carried out, as a result of which it turned out that the majority of Icelanders believed in the existence of elves.

Some believe that elves can be of different sizes, from a few centimeters to 3 meters in height.

They can live in houses, sometimes high-rise ones, and if left alone, they will just go about their business.

Iceland on the map

3. Almost all electricity and heating in Iceland comes from geothermal and hydroelectric power plants.

4. In Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, there is the Phallological Museum, which displays preserved mammalian penises.

5. Since 2010, strip clubs have been prohibited by law in Iceland.

10. Reykjavik is the northernmost city of all cities in the independent states.

Life in Iceland

11. In Iceland, in frosty weather, you can see strollers with children, whom their parents left to breathe fresh air while the kids are sleeping.

12. In most cases, Icelanders do not have a surname in the usual sense for us. Their surname is actually the name of their father, but with the prefix -dottir (-daughter) or -son (son). For example, Olafur Jónsson means that Olafur is the son of Jónsson.

13. Until 1989, beer was prohibited in Iceland.

14. Iceland has the best pool per capita ratio in the world. Thanks to the wealth of geothermal energy, anyone in the country can visit a pool, even an outdoor one, for a modest price.

How they live in Iceland

15. Iceland has no standing army.

16. Iceland's climate is not as cold as many people think. The average temperature in winter is about 2 degrees Celsius.