Show a map of Poland in Russian. Map of Poland in Russian

Poland is a country that amazingly combines centuries-old traditions and culture with the ever-accelerating rhythm of modern European society. The magnificent nature, lakes and mountains attract more and more tourists from all over the world with their beauty.

Lovers of relaxed rural life will be pleasantly surprised by the large selection of villages offering relaxation in a calm, homely environment. In addition, it is in the village that you can get to know the country’s traditions better by taking part in various festivals and fairs, which are far from uncommon here.

Fans of natural beauty will discover amazing natural treasures, as Poland has created twenty-two natural national parks!

For lovers of a more active holiday, large cities such as Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw and Toruń are suitable, where life does not cease to bustle even after dark.

Poland on the world map

Below is an interactive map of Poland in Russian from Google. You can move the map left and right, up and down with the mouse, and also change the scale of the map using the “+” and “-” icons, which are located at the bottom on the right side of the map, or using the mouse wheel. In order to find out where Poland is located on a world map or on a map of Europe, use the same method to reduce the scale of the map even further.

In addition to the map with the names of objects, you can look at Poland from a satellite if you click on the “Show satellite map” switch in the lower left corner of the map.

Below is another map of Poland. To see the map in full size, click on it and it will open in a new window. You can also print it out and take it with you on the road.

You were presented with the most basic and detailed maps of Poland, which you can always use to search for an object of interest to you or for any other purposes. Have a nice trip!

(Republic of Poland)

General information

Geographical position. Poland is a state in Central Europe. In the north it borders with Russia, in the east with Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine, in the south with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and in the west with Germany. In the north it is washed by the Baltic Sea.

Square. The territory of Poland is 312,685 square meters. km.

Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Poland is Warsaw. The largest cities: Warsaw (2,316 thousand people), Lodz (842 thousand people), Krakow (751 thousand people), Wroclaw (644 thousand people), Poznan (589 thousand people). Administratively, Poland is divided into 16 voivodeships.

Political system

Poland is a republic. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. The legislative body is the National Assembly, consisting of the Senate and the Sejm.

Relief. Poland is a largely flat country without much elevation change (average altitude above sea level is about 175 m), with Mount Rysy in the High Tatras in the south rising to a height of 2499 m.

Poland is divided into several physical-geographical regions, located from east to west. The Northern Zone is a vast region of plains and low hills: the Central Polish Upland, the Baltic Upland and the Coastal Plain. The Central Plain runs from east to west and is intersected by several rivers and valleys; to the north of the Central Highlands is the Baltic Upland, covered with numerous lakes. A narrow coastal plain, 40 to 100 km wide, stretches along the entire length of the Baltic coast. The southern zone is more mountainous: in the extreme south and southwest there are several mountain systems: the Western Carpathians, the High Tatras and the Beskids. In the southwest are the Sudetes, whose altitude reaches 1600 m. To the north of the mountain ranges lies the Silesian Plain.

Geological structure and minerals. On the territory of Poland there are deposits of coal, natural gas, copper, silver, and lead.

The climate of Poland has features of both temperate and continental. The climate of the coast can be described as moderately maritime, in the eastern part of the country it is moderately continental. The average January temperature in different regions of the country ranges from -1 °C to -5 °C. In summer, the average temperature ranges from +20°C in the southeast to +17°C in the Baltic.

Inland waters. Almost all rivers in Poland belong to the Baltic Sea basin. The main rivers of the country: Vistula and Oder (Odra). There are about 9,300 lakes in Poland.

Soils and vegetation. Forests cover about 28% of Poland's territory, with about 80% of all forests being coniferous. Rare tree species grow in the northeast: dwarf birch and Lappa willow. One of the best preserved wild forests is the Belovezha National Park on the border with Belarus.

Animal world. Fauna representatives include lynx, wild cat, elk, wild boar, deer and bison, or European bison. Deer and elk are found in Masuria. In mountainous areas there are wolves and brown bears.

Population and language

The country's population is about 38.607 million people, the average population density is about 123 people per 1 sq. km. The southern part of the country is the most densely populated, the northwestern and northeastern parts the least densely populated. Ethnic groups: Poles - 97.6%, Germans - 1.3%, Ukrainians - 0.6%, Belarusians - 0.5%, Slovaks, Czechs, Lithuanians, Gypsies, Jews.

The official language is Polish; There are also several dialects based on the Polish language.

Religion

Catholics - 95%), Orthodox (about 570 thousand believers), Lutherans (about 100 thousand believers), Jehovah's Witnesses (about 100 thousand believers); Before World War II, about 3.5 million Jews lived in Poland; now there are about 1,000 Jews in the country.

Brief historical sketch

In 840, the first Polish state was formed under the legendary King Piast, founder of the Piast dynasty.

In the 10th century - King Mieszko converted to Christianity.

In 1025, the Polish king Boleslav was recognized by the Pope.

In the middle of the 13th century. Teutonic knights came to the north of modern Poland and carried out a brutal colonization of the Baltic lands.

In 1386, Grand Duke Jagiello of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania married Queen Jadwiga of Poland, was crowned Wladyslaw II Jagiello, and became the founder of the second dynasty of Polish kings. During the reign of the Jagiellon dynasty, Poland reached its greatest prosperity.

In 1410, the combined troops of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Teutonic Knights in the historical Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg).

In the 18th century Three partitions of Poland took place, as a result of which most of the state came under the rule of the Russian Empire.

In the 19th century Poland tried to achieve independence through uprisings. In November 1918 An independent Polish state was proclaimed. September 1, 1939 Poland is occupied by German troops. At the beginning of 1945 the country was liberated.

In 1980, after 35 years of communist rule, the independent trade union Solidarity demanded free elections. The government introduced martial law, and General Wojciech Jaruzelski became the head of the country.

On April 5, 1989, an agreement was reached between the government and the opposition to hold free elections, which were held on June 4. The communists were actually removed from power, and the leader of the Solidarity trade union, Lech Walesa, was elected president of the country.

In 1995, as a result of elections, leftist forces came to power in Poland, but did not abandon the reforms of their predecessors.

Brief Economic Sketch

Poland is an industrial-agrarian country. Extraction of hard and brown coal, natural gas, sulfur, lead and zinc. Of the manufacturing industries, the greatest development has been achieved in mechanical engineering, especially transport (sea vessels, cars, wagons, etc.), agricultural, electrical and radio electronics, production of industrial equipment, as well as chemical (fertilizers, chemical fibers, plastics), oil refining, ferrous metallurgy . The textile, clothing, food, leather and footwear, furniture, cement, and glass industries are developed. Individual farms predominate in agriculture. Main crops: potatoes, rye, as well as barley and wheat; sugar beet. They grow vegetables, fruits, and berries. Fishing. Export: cars, coal, rolled metal, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, light and food industry products.

The monetary unit is zloty.

Brief sketch of culture

Art and architecture. Warsaw. National Museum with a rich collection of Polish and Western European paintings, a collection of exhibits from antiquity and the times of ancient Egypt, a special hall of Faros frescoes from one of the first Christian churches of Pharos; Old Town in Renaissance and Baroque style; Bar Bican - medieval walls and towers surrounding the Old Town; Lazienki is the summer palace of King Stanisław II Augustus (18th century), in Lazienki Park there is a monument to Chopin and a magnificent rose garden; Gothic Cathedral of St. Yana (XIV century); Church of the Holy Cross (XVI century); Natural History Museum; Technical Museum; Museum of the Polish Army; State Archaeological Museum; Royal Castle Museum, Krakow. National Museum and State Wawel Art Collection; Wawel Castle of the 13th century; Cathedral of St. Stanisław (1359), in which many Polish kings were crowned and the tombs of King John III Sobieski, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Adam Mickiewicz, Jozef Piłsudski are located; Church of St. Mary, built in 1223, which contains an altar by the famous master Bait Stos; “Dragon Cave”, where the most famous dragon in Poland lived. Lodz. Museum of Archeology and Ethnography. Gdansk Church of St. Mary (1343-1505), which contains Hans Memling's painting "The Last Judgment"; Gothic town hall, stock exchange building, built in 1379; Old city; Polish Maritime Museum. Bialystok. White Church and Orthodox Cathedral. Torun. Old town in Gothic style; town hall XIII - XIV centuries; remains of a castle of the Teutonic Knights (1231); a large number of Gothic and Baroque mansions. Poznan. Gothic cathedral; 16th century town hall; Old city. Szczecin. Church of St. Peter and Paul (1124). Wroclaw. Church of St. John the Baptist (1158), Church of St. Elizabeth (XIII); Church of the Holy Cross (XIII-XIV); Church of the Virgin Mary (XIV); Gothic town hall of the 13th century; former royal palace. Częstochowa. The famous Catholic shrine of Jasna Góra; in the monastery there is a miraculous icon of the Mother of God of Czestochowa, also called the “Black Madonna”.

The science. N. Copernicus (1473-1543) - astronomer, creator of the heliocentric model of the world; 3. Vrublevsky (1845-1888) - author of research in the field of low temperature physics (production of liquid oxygen, etc.).

Literature. A. Mickiewicz (1798-1855) - poet, founder of Polish romanticism (collection “Poetry”, poems “Grazyna”, “Dziady”, “Konrad Wallenrod”, “Pan Tadeusz”); B. Prus (1847-1912) - writer, author of realistic stories, stories about a village (“Outpost”), socio-psychological novels (“Doll”, “Emancipated Women”), a historical novel about Ancient Egypt (“Pharaoh”); G. Sienkiewicz (1846-1916) - author of historical novels (“With Fire and Sword,” “The Flood,” “Pan Volodyevsky,” “Camo is Coming,” “Crusaders”); S. Zheromski (1864-1925) - author of historical (“Ashes”, “The Beauty of Life”) and socio-psychological (“Homeless”, “Spring Eve”) novels; S. Lem (b. 1921) is the author of numerous works in the genre of scientific and philosophical fiction (novels “Astronauts”, “Diary Found in a Bathtub”, “Solaris”, “Voice of Heaven”, “Runny Nose”, “Peace on Earth” , "Fiasco").

Music. M. Oginski (1765-1833) - composer, author of the opera “Zelida and Val-Cour, or Bonaparte in Cairo”, as well as military, patriotic songs, marches, piano pieces, including the polonaise “Farewell to the Motherland”; F. Chopin (1810-1849) - composer and pianist, the largest representative of Polish musical art, who reinterpreted many genres.

The Polish state originated in the area between the Vistula and Oder rivers (Odra in Polish), where in the 1st millennium AD. Slavs settled. The name of the country comes from the Polyan tribe. The first historically reliable Polish ruler is considered to be Prince Misko I of the Piast dynasty, who united under his rule the Slavic tribes living in the Greater Poland Lowland, Mazovia, Silesia and Pomerania. In 966, he converted to Christianity, which marked the beginning of the baptism of Poland according to the Latin (Catholic) rite.

In the Middle Ages, the capital of the Kingdom of Poland became Krakow, located far from the sea in the upper reaches of the Vistula, and the northern Baltic territories from the 12th century. come under the control of the German Teutonic Order. From that time until the Second World War, the lack of stable access to the sea became the “Achilles heel” of the country’s geopolitical position.

The Polish state reached its greatest prosperity in the second half of the 16th - first half of the 17th centuries. after the Union of Lublin and the formation of a single state of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which during the period of greatest territorial expansion also included Livonia (), Belarus, the Smolensk lands and most of. It became the strongest state in Eastern Europe, competing with Prussia and. At that time, the Poles looked at Russia as a godforsaken, semi-wild outskirts of the world, and made plans to subjugate the Russian lands to the Great. And this was not empty fanfare: in 1610-1612. Polish troops ruled Moscow for two years and tried, albeit unsuccessfully, to establish “Polish order” in Rus'.

But just a century and a half later, the Polish state disappeared as a result of its divisions between its strengthened neighbors: Prussia, and Russia, which in 1815 included the Kingdom of Poland. Only after the First World War and the collapse of the German, Austro-Hungarian and Poles regained statehood.

Since 1918, Poland has developed as an independent democratic state. According to the 1919 treaty, it receives access through the so-called Danzig (Polish) corridor - a specially allocated narrow strip of land stretching to the German port of Danzig (now Gdansk), where a mixed German-Polish population lived for centuries. Danzig was declared a free city.

On September 1, 1939, with the entry of German troops onto Polish soil, the Second World War began, and with it a new tragic period in the life of the Polish people. At the same time, with the consent of the Nazis, Western Belarus and Western Ukraine were torn away from Poland in favor of the USSR. “It turned out that a short blow to Poland from the German army, and then from the Red Army, was enough for nothing to remain from this ugly brainchild of the Treaty of Versailles,” - this is how the USSR People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs V.M. assessed what had happened. Molotov. The occupation brought unprecedented disasters not only to Russia, but also to all the peoples who then inhabited the multinational country. In the German concentration camps Auschwitz, Majdanek, Tremblinka, millions of people were exterminated, most of whom had lived in Poland since the 14th century. and played a significant role in the development of the country's economy, especially its trade. Many thousands of Poles, Polish and Belarusians from areas ceded to the USSR were exiled to Siberia.

During the Great Patriotic War, Poland, due to its location on the path of the advance of the Soviet army to the west, into Germany, turned into the epicenter of a grandiose battle against Nazism. The tragedy was the complete destruction of the country's capital. Of the 1.3 million inhabitants pre-war in 1944, only 160 thousand remained. In total, 3.5 million people (22% of the population) died in Poland during the Second World War.

With the division of Germany in accordance with the decisions of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences of 1945, the borders of Poland changed significantly. It received an extensive, 490 km long, access to the sea. Silesia, Poznan, Pomerania, Western (Polish) and part of East Prussia, the large cities of Breslau (Wroclaw), Posen (Poznan), the Baltic ports of Stettin (Szczecin) and Danzig (Gdansk) went to it.

Having fallen into the sphere of Soviet geopolitical influence after the war, Poland entered the socialist period of development. Nationalization (expropriation) of large and medium-sized industries was carried out, and active industrialization began. In 1949, Poland became a member of the CMEA, and in 1955 it joined the military organization of the Warsaw Pact.

The restoration of the economy destroyed by the war proceeded at a rapid pace. A decision was made to build Warsaw, the center of which was built according to surviving pre-war photographs and drawings. Industrial production grew at a faster pace, its share in the country's national income in the 1960s. exceeded 50%. With the help of the USSR, the coal industry, hydropower, steel, chemical, textile industries, shipbuilding and electrical engineering were actively developing. In the mid-1970s. Poland has taken 10th place in the world in terms of industrial production. In agriculture, attempts to carry out collectivization were unsuccessful, and under socialism small-scale private production remained in the country. A typical Polish rural landscape was the “striped land”: a series of small - several hectares - plots of land with different crops, which significantly complicated mechanization. Nevertheless, Poland ranked 2nd in the world in the collection of rye and potatoes, second only to the USSR.

Despite all the visible achievements of economic development, the real standard of living in Poland, as in the rest of the countries of Eastern Europe, fell further and further behind its Western capitalist neighbors. Mass dissatisfaction with the economic situation in the country and the lack of civil liberties grew. As after the partition of Poland in the 18th century, anti-Russian sentiment flared up. In the early 1980s. discontent grew into popular uprisings, led by the leader of the independent trade union Solidarity, Lech Walesa. Martial law was introduced in the country. Although the unrest was suppressed, it turned out to be a “Pyrrhic victory” not only for the Polish communists, but for the entire socialist camp. Ten years later, Lech Walesa became the first president of democratic Poland.

In the post-Soviet period, Poland was one of the first to embark on radical economic reforms, choosing the option of “shock therapy,” and was the first to “come out of the tailspin.” For more than 10 years, the country has experienced steady economic growth, undergoing complex restructuring and modernization of the economy with the active attraction of Western investment. After liberalization of prices, stabilization of consumer demand and implementation of monetary reform, the national currency, the zloty, strengthened significantly. GDP doubled from 1992 to 2000. Despite the frequent change of governments, the country's main course remains unchanged - reintegration into pan-European economic and political structures. In 1999, Poland joined NATO, and in the spring of 2004 it should become a full member of the European Union. The current president of the country, communist A. Kwasniewski, most briefly expressed the geopolitical doctrine of the modern Polish leadership during his election campaign, saying that “it is better to be last in the West than first in the East.”

Where is Poland located on the world map. Detailed map of Poland in Russian online. Satellite map of Poland with cities and resorts. Poland on the world map is a state in central Europe, the capital is the city of Warsaw. The official language is Polish.

Detailed map of Poland with cities in Russian:

Poland - Wikipedia

Population of Poland: 38,422,346 people (2017)
Capital of Poland: Warsaw city
Largest cities in Poland: Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw, Lodz, Poznan
Poland telephone code: 48
National domain of Poland: .pl

Maps of cities in Poland.

Sights of Poland:

What to see in Poland: Old Town of Warsaw, Tatra Mountains, Wawel Castle, Old Town of Krakow, Wooden churches of the south of Lesser Poland, Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum in Oswiecim, Old Town in Gdańsk, Masurian Lake District, Statue of Christ the King, Slowinski National Park, Wieliczka Salt Mine, Wilanów Palace, Wrocław Cathedral, Lazienki Park, Old Town of Zamość, Architectural and Park Complex of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, Churches of Peace, Muskau Park, Ksiaz Castle, Bieszczady National Park, Moszno Castle, Hill of Crosses Grabarka, Jasna Gora, Old Town in Torun, Old Powązki, Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, Zoo Gdańsk-Oliwa, Giant Mountains National Park, Royal Castle on Wawel Hill, Zakopane Ski Resort, Royal Route and Royal Castle in Warsaw, Salt Mine, Order Castle Marienburg.

Relief of Poland: Almost the entire territory of the country is occupied by lowland and hilly terrain, but there is also a mountainous region in the south, where the Carpathian mountain range stretches. In the north, Poland is washed by the Baltic Sea, the coast of which has fairly wide sandy beaches. Poland is also rich in lakes; there are at least 9 thousand of them in the country. Most of the territory is occupied by protected forests and parks - there are 22 of them in Poland. Among them is part of the protected Belovezhskaya Pushcha.

Climate of Poland considered unstable and varies by region. The average summer temperature in the country is + 20 C, winter – 2 C below zero. The warmest and driest climate is in the central part of the country.

In terms of attractions, each Polish city is interesting in its own way. Each of them has its own architectural style. Most cities have preserved old buildings and historical monuments. Each city is interesting in its own way. For example, Warsaw has 42 museums, most of which are definitely worth a visit. It is considered the most beautiful city Krakow, former capital of Poland. It is attractive for its architecture, as well as such memorable historical places as the Royal Road, the market, Wawel and others.

Many architectural monuments of Poland are located in cities that once belonged to the Teutonic Order. These are Melbork, Frombork, Golub-Dobrzyn and others. They not only house citadels and palaces that have survived to this day, but also host various cultural events, knightly tournaments and fairs.

Poland attracts tourists with various types of tourism. You can relax in the summer on the sandy beaches of the Baltic coast, spend a holiday in picturesque lake districts, engage in ecotourism or go skiing in ski resorts such as Karpacz, Krynica or Zakopane.

Poland is located in the very geographical center of Europe, but is more often referred to as the region of Eastern Europe. It is the 9th largest state in this part of the world and 69th in the world. In recent centuries, its borders have constantly changed; today the country stretches 720 km from south to north and the same distance from west to east. A detailed map of Poland shows that from the north it is washed by the waters of the Baltic Sea, but has no large island territories, with the exception of the islands of Wolin and Karsibur, located at the mouth of the Odra.

Poland on the world map: geography, nature and climate

The length of Poland's borders is relatively small - 3528 km, but the country's key location in the region places Poland on the world map between seven neighbors. In the northeast, Poland borders Russia (via the Kaliningrad region) and Lithuania on a small section of the border. The country's neighbor from the east is Belarus, from the southeast - Ukraine and Slovakia. Due to the significant irregularity of the borders, Poland has the longest border section with the Czech Republic - 796 km. From the west the country borders on Germany. The country's coastline is quite flat and stretches for 770 km.

Geographical position

Despite the relatively small area (312,685 km 2), the country's territory is quite diverse. The northern and central part of Poland is located on the so-called Polish Lowland, which is a continuation of the North German Plain. The relief in this region was formed by glaciers during the last glaciation. To the south, low hills and plateaus begin (up to 60 meters).

The country's southern borders run along two large mountain ranges. Located on the Czech border Sudetes, whose highest point reaches 1603 meters. And the regions bordering Slovakia and Ukraine lie at the northern tip of the Carpathian Mountains. The highest point of the country, the northern one, is also located here. top of Mount Rysy(2499 m). It is worth noting that the main peak of the mountain is 4 meters higher and is already in Slovakia. Overall, only about 9% of the country's territory is located above 300 meters above sea level.

Poland is one of the most forested regions in Europe. About a quarter of the country's area is occupied by forests. The soils of the Polish lowlands are mostly infertile, but up to 40% of the land is used for agriculture.

The region's water basin is abundant. The largest rivers in Poland - Vistula And Audra. Most of the country's rivers are their tributaries. The region also abounds in small lakes, the largest of which belong to the Masurian Lakes. On the map of Poland in Russian you can find the largest of them - Sniardwy. But it does not exceed 113 km 2 in area.

Animal and plant life

The country's flora and fauna are typical of northern Europe and cannot boast of a large number of endemic species. The forests of Poland are represented by mixed forests. The main plant species are pine, birch, beech, oak, spruce, poplar and maple.

The country's fauna is quite poor for the European region. Deer, elk, bears and wild boars are found in local forests. Chamois live in mountainous areas. In the lands bordering Belarus, one can observe a resurgent population of European bison. The most common bird species are wood grouse, black grouse and partridge. The country's coastal waters are rich in commercial fish species, such as herring and cod.

Climate

Most of the country is in a temperate climate zone - from maritime in the north to continental in the south. Average winter temperatures range from -2 to -6°C. Summer is also not hot - 17-20°C.

In mountainous regions, temperatures are on average 5 degrees lower. The amount of precipitation in the lowland regions is 500-600 mm per year. In the mountainous south this figure is higher - more than 1000 mm. The High Tatras mountain range receives up to 2000 mm of precipitation per year.

Map of Poland with cities. Administrative division of the country

Poland has its own administrative unit - voivodeship. In total the country is divided into 16 voivodeships. A map of Poland with cities in Russian allows you to see that the population density in the south of the country is slightly higher than in the north, but on average it is 123 people per km 2.

Warsaw

Warsaw is the capital and largest city of the state. Located in the eastern part of the country. A major cultural and economic center of the region. The country's most prestigious educational institutions are concentrated here - approximately a third of the city's population are students.

Krakow

Krakow is the historical center and the second largest and most important city in Poland. Located in the south of the country. It is the most popular tourist destination in the region. Due to the abundance of architectural monuments, Krakow is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Katowice

Katowice is located 70 km west of Krakow. The city is the center of the Silesian agglomeration. It is the most economically active city in the country, a center of trade and heavy industry.