Car enthusiasts have a good life: they drive along the highways, over which there are road signs and signs. There are no road signs in the sky, as well as the roads themselves. Does this mean that the helicopter pilot can fly in any direction? Let's figure it out.

On the ground, traffic rules. And in the air?

Air traffic also follows the rules. But first things first. To fly a helicopter, you must complete a piloting course and obtain a license. The training lasts several months. During your studies, you will undergo theoretical training. To get admission to exams at the Federal Air Transport Agency, you need to fly 42 hours.

During the training, you will learn the regulations governing the movement of aircraft. Pilots of private and service helicopters must study the following documents:

• Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 138 dated 11.03.2010. These are the rules for the use of airspace - an analogue of traffic rules.
• Overview maps of local airlines (MVL). They are required for planning and operating flights in zones C and G airspace. MVL cards are issued for each territorial zone defined by the Unified Air Traffic Management System of the Russian Federation (EU ATM). For example, you can purchase an MVL card for the Moscow zone. The maps are compiled by the Aeronautical Information Center (FSUE "CAI").
• Radio navigation charts for planning and carrying out visual flights in MVL. They can be purchased in paper form. On the website of FSUE "CAI" maps are available free of charge in electronic form.

Helpful advice: Load the maps into a navigation program such as SAS.Planeta. This will allow you to use modern electronic devices during the flight, rather than paper maps. Use mapping software such as Global Mapper to download. You can also purchase an aeronautical tablet of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "CAI" with software necessary for planning and carrying out flights.

Where can you fly in a helicopter?

Almost everywhere. By Decree No. 138 of March 11, 2010, the Government of the Russian Federation allocated the following airspace zones:

• Zone A. It is intended for controller-controlled and instrument-controlled flights. In short, passenger airplanes and other large aircraft fly in Zone A.
• Zone C. This is the airspace near airports. Here you can fly in helicopters. It is the responsibility of the pilot to notify the controller of entering Zone C.
• Zone G. Small aircraft fly here, including private helicopters. Flights in zone G do not need to be additionally notified to dispatch services.

There are several hundred registered helipads in the Moscow area of ​​the EU ATM. You can fly from site A to site B without notifying air traffic control (ATC) if the sites are in the airspace of zone G.

In addition to the zoning of airspace, there are MVL routes plotted on maps. To use the route of local airlines, ATC must be notified at least two hours before the flight. Notification is carried out by telephone or via the Internet.

Where you can't fly

You cannot fly in a private helicopter over the restricted areas that are marked on the maps. For example, you will not be able to move over Moscow. The boundaries of the restricted area coincide with the Moscow Ring Road. Departmental aircraft receive permission to fly in restricted areas in a special order.

In addition to restricted areas, you cannot fly in the border strip without special permission. This includes the entire territory at a distance of 25 km from the state border of the Russian Federation. In order to obtain permission to fly in the border strip, it is necessary to coordinate the flight plan with the ATC authorities. In this case, the pilot is obliged to maintain constant communication with the dispatch service.

What you need to fly fishing

Of course, you will need a helicopter and a pilot's license. If you have not been trained yet, please contact "Heliko Group". If your helipad and the landing next to your favorite river or lake are in zone G, you do not need to notify anyone. If near the fishing spot helipad haven't registered yet, don't be discouraged. It is enough to notify ATC units by phone no later than 2 hours before the flight. And you can land almost anywhere, even on the ground. Yes, and don't forget your fishing rods at home.

Is it possible to reanimate a person in the air, how to extinguish fires in high-rise buildings and whether pilots believe in omens?

Helicopters with orange-blue stripes regularly take off into the skies over Shcherbinka. This is where the Moscow Aviation Center (IAC) is based, an institution that operates where other rescue services cannot reach - in the sky above the capital. On the occasion of the Day civil aviation the site met with doctors and pilots and learned about the features of rescuing people in the air.

First of all - helicopters

Ostafyevo airfield in the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky administrative areas is the place where the helicopter unit, created on May 13, 2003 by order of the Moscow Government, is serving - the Moscow Aviation Center.

10 helicopters, pilots, doctors - anesthesiologists-resuscitators, technicians and on average from four to seven missions on duty. Complex fires, accidents, emergency medical care, cases when the count goes for minutes - all this is their job.

“Our main task is to guard the city. Any complex emergencies are within our competence. We must arrive at the scene, evacuate the victims, take them to hospitals, if the fire is extinguished. The tasks are urgent, ”says Oleg Katalshev, deputy director for the organization of flight operations of the Moscow Aviation Center.

The pilots say that their work is like everyone else's. Whether they are cunning, it's hard to say: those who roam the Moscow sky have not only saved hundreds of lives, but also vast flight experience even before joining the IAC.

“The flight personnel have serious training. As a rule, pilots are very experienced, ex-military, have experience not only in flight, but also in combat work. Over the 15 years of our existence, we have learned a lot of subtleties of this work, which could not be found anywhere else. Because no one has done this before us, ”adds Oleg Katalshev.

Flying over the city is, as they say here, a jewelry task. The metropolitan sky is drawn in meters: here is a closed zone, there are wires, high-rise buildings and air currents.

“To fly over Moscow is a great responsibility. There are other aircraft flying over Moscow, besides us, and it is necessary to strictly adhere to the flight parameters: speed, distance. Keeping the helicopter at a given point, on a given track line, of course, requires concentration, ”notes the commander of the aircraft, Ilya Ivashchenko.

Sky ambulance

The Moscow Aviation Center also has five ambulance helicopters. These are modern lightweight VK117S-2, two of which are painted red and white with a red cross on the side, the rest are white with an orange-blue stripe. There are three sanitary boards at the duty post every day. Ambulance with screws. They can sit on any surface, the minimum size of the site for a normal landing is 15 by 15 meters. One of these helicopters takes off at one o'clock in the direction of the city clinical hospital No. 15 named after OM. Filatov on a combat watch.

After arriving at the helipad of the hospital, he will be the first to respond to the call of the operational duty officer in the event of an emergency in the city. In order to get together and take off, according to the regulations, the brigade needs 10 minutes. In reality, the pilots say, everything turns out twice as fast. To be on the spot - no more than 10. Here, doctors carry out the first resuscitation work and stabilize the victim, after which they take him to the hospital.

Inside the VK117S-2 helicopter there are ventilators, a vital signs monitor, two infusion pumps (a device that delivers drugs with microgram accuracy) and a defibrillator. With such instruments, doctors can resuscitate a patient in flight.

“In general, this equipment is exactly the same as in the intensive care unit. If the patient is blocked in the car, we provide him with assistance on the spot, we can even get into this car and perform certain manipulations (the rescuer status allows these doctors to work in the emergency zone. - Approx.mos. ru). If the victim's condition is stable, all this can be done on board, ”says Anatoly Ponomarev, anesthesiologist-resuscitator of the IAC.

He is the youngest doctor among the medical staff of the center, he is 29 years old. Before joining the institution, he worked in an ambulance. She says an ambulance and an ambulance helicopter are similar, but there are some nuances.

“There is vibration, noise, we fly in a headset. If there is some kind of manipulation, for example, you need to put a catheter in the neck, we warn the pilots, and they try to slow down as much as possible so that they shake less, ”the doctor continues.

In general, nothing out of the ordinary. However, it is still difficult to imagine how a three-man crew fits and works in the helicopter's cabin: there seems to be less space there than in a "gazelle". And VK117S-2 can be lifted by either one or two victims. Since the beginning of 2018 alone, air resuscitation vehicles have delivered more than 40 people to hospitals. And in 2017, help from heaven came 897 times.

Getting out of the helicopter cabin, where we spoke with the young doctor, is not easy: it is scary to break or break complex equipment. “The main thing is not to break your head,” warns Anatoly Ponomarev. Such is the professional humor.

How fires are extinguished from the air

After talking with the pilots and doctors of the VK117 ambulances, we go to the northern parking lot of the airfield, to the crews of firefighters. Firefighting helicopters are on guard for the safety of Muscovites around the clock.

The Ka-32A is awaiting a call here - versatile working helicopters capable of dropping five tons of water on a fire at a time. Pilots have three such helicopters at their disposal. One of them is equipped with the only side, vertical and horizontal fire extinguishing system (cannon) in Russia, which allows you to extinguish high-rise buildings at close range.

A little in the distance - the giant MI-26, the largest helicopter in the world, or in the language of aviators "airship". It can lift 15 tons of water into the sky.

In the recreation room in the northern parking lot, sofas, a TV set, a tiny model of a helicopter on a string and a map of Moscow with blue dots - reservoirs from which Ka-32A and MI-26 can draw water, hang on the wall. The main helicopter "watering place" is the Moscow River. In winter, it does not freeze, and you can get to it from almost anywhere in the city. But in general, crews have the right to fill the spillway devices (such huge canvas "buckets") from any available reservoirs.

Without "last" flights and number 13

The pilots say little about their work, but they talk about omens with great animation. As it turned out, they are very superstitious and do not hide it. They cut off in chorus when the word "last" sounds: in aviation it is not favored and is replaced by "extreme". And they also do not tolerate the number 13 (even a serial number does not exist), do not fill out flight books with a black pen and do not take pictures of helicopters before departure.

“But this is so ... This is not serious,” the attendants add. Belief in omens does not prevent them from fulfilling their duty and working sometimes almost without rest. This was the case, for example, in the summer of 2010 during forest fires near Moscow and in 2012 during a fire on the 67th floor of the East tower of the Moscow City business center.

Then the pilots carried out a unique operation. And so successful that later colleagues from abroad asked for experience in such difficult conditions. “At such altitudes, it is generally difficult for a helicopter to hover and stay, plus it was at night. And “Moscow City” was built in such a way that between the buildings you can't guess when the next gust of wind will happen, ”explains the aircraft commander Andrei Mikhalevich.

Always on duty

Between sorties, both pilots and medics train - you cannot lose qualifications. For such flights, even an "airship" is raised into the sky every week. Oleg Katalshev, deputy director for the organization of flight operations of the Moscow Aviation Center, adds that training takes place both during the day and at night, which is necessary to prepare for the World Cup.

03.10.2017 18:59 A helicopter is not a luxury, but a means of transportation. A helicopter is most profitable when traveling over a distance of 300 to 1000 km: compared to a car, time savings are up to 8 times! The route is a straight line, there are no traffic jams or traffic lights, the speed is 200 km / h.

1. What are the rules for helicopter flights in Russia?

All airspace belonging to the Russian Federation is divided into three zones A, C and G.

2. Zone C includes airspace in the area of ​​airports, large settlements, industrial facilities. Small aircraft can fly in zone C only with the permission of the air controller.

3. Small helicopters can fly in zone G without special permission, it is enough to notify the air traffic authorities one hour before departure. Notification can be submitted by anyone possible way: by phone, by fax, via the Internet. This opportunity, which appeared relatively recently - from November 1, 2010, opened a wide road for private use of helicopters. Night flights are permitted by the same law. Zone G includes airspace from 0.3 to 4.5 km, but the most commonly used altitudes are from 400 to 500 m.

4. In addition to the zones described on the maps of the air roads of the Russian Federation, prohibited zones are indicated, flights over which are prohibited for private small aircraft under any circumstances. For example, the entire airspace over Moscow is a continuous restricted area.

2. What are the helicopters flying on? How much do they spend?

The most popular small piston helicopters in Russia Robinson fly on aviation gasoline 100 LL, in extreme cases, you can fill in the AI ​​95, the flow rate is about 50 l / h. Gas turbine helicopters fly on aviation kerosene, the consumption of single-engine helicopters is 160 - 200 l / h.

It looks like a helicopter with a gas turbine engine

3. What are the maintenance rules for a helicopter in the Russian Federation?

According to Russian law, only certified organizations have the right to service aircraft. Perhaps that is why we have not registered any plane crashes associated with the failure of this equipment. When concluding a maintenance contract, owners should pay attention to:

Validity period of the certificate;

Availability of permission to service your model;

Qualification and diligence of engineers and technicians.

After the successful completion of all the necessary work, the documents are issued that will be required to obtain the next airworthiness certificate (SLG). The first MOT must be completed 4 months after the purchase of the rotorcraft. In the future - scheduled maintenance after 50, 100, 300 and 500 flight hours. In case the helicopter is used infrequently, an inspection is carried out every 4 months.

4. Where are they taught to fly a helicopter?

In order to be eligible for private flights, you need:

Register the aircraft with state register;

Issue a certificate of conformity;

Obtain a pilot's license.

To obtain a driving permit, you must complete training at a specialized flight school or private aviation school... Unlike schools, where future cadets must pass a strict selection, anyone who has the desire and sufficient funds to pay for the course can study in a private school.

5. How much does the course cost?

Helicopter rental costs;

Hourly rate of the instructor's work;

Payment for aviation fuel.

Helicopters consume more fuel than airplanes of the same mass, which also contributes to the difference in training costs. When training on your own helicopter, costs are significantly reduced.

You need to remember that:

Airspace Notice

123. The notification procedure for the use of airspace means providing airspace users with the opportunity to perform flights without obtaining a dispatch permit.

124. Notification order use of airspace is established in class G airspace Airspace users operating in class G airspace shall notify the relevant air traffic services (flight control) bodies about their activities in order to receive flight information services and emergency notification.

125. When planning flights in class G airspace, airspace users must have aeronautical and meteorological information.

126. When planning flights of aircraft according to visual flight rules, providing for the use of class G airspace with the intersection of aerodrome areas and local air lines of class C airspace, the submission of a flight plan is not required. In these cases, the intersection of aerodrome areas and local air lines is carried out with the presence of a dispatcher's permission from the relevant air traffic services (flight control) body.

127. Responsibility for the prevention of collisions with aircraft and other material objects in the air, collisions with obstacles when flying in class G airspace lies with the pilot-in-command.

Airspace classification

10. Air space over the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as outside it, where the responsibility for air traffic management is assigned to the Russian Federation, classified as follows:

class G - flights performed according to instrument flight rules and visual flight rules are allowed. Aircraft separation not produced. All flights flight information services are provided upon request. For all flights at altitudes below 3050 m, the speed limit of no more than 450 km / h... Aircraft flying in accordance with instrument flight rules are required to have permanent two-way radio communication with the air traffic services (flight control) body. When flying aircraft according to the rules of visual flights, the presence of constant two-way radio communication with the air traffic services (flight control) unit not required. When performing all flights of aircraft, the presence of a permit for the use of airspace not required.

It is not in vain that I bring all this here, since the organization of flights is a matter of professionals and here any mistake can be expensive. A professional will understand what I am writing about.

Although the professional knows it without me

Flight altitude can be any, except for:

3.31. Except for the cases in which it is necessary when taking off, landing or specified in paragraph 3.32 of these Rules, it is prohibited to fly an aircraft:

a) over the territories of settlements and over crowded places during mass events - below a height that allows an emergency landing in the event of an engine failure without creating excessive danger to people and property on the ground, and below an altitude of 300 m over the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 500 m around the aircraft;

b) in places not specified in subparagraph "a", at a distance of less 150 m from people, vehicles or buildings.