Fast floating dacha. Parokhodoff: Reviews of water technology and related services On the design of the cottage

To have a small cabin boat - a self-propelled floating dacha - is the dream of many. The parking place of such a summer house can be changed; We have a lot of rivers and lakes, and the banks of most of them are very beautiful. The appeal of life on the water is undeniable.

What are the requirements for a self-propelled dacha of the minimum size?

It should have sleeping places, a place for cooking, a table with seats around it, an open area - to bask in the sun or dry out after swimming; it is desirable to have a latrine. Finally, a dacha boat should be inexpensive and accessible to everyone. The minimum boat-dacha is designed for two people, but for the most part it is necessary to provide for two more places for children.

In the stern of such a vessel there is a sleeping cabin, in which two folding beds made of aluminum tubes are placed along the sides. A narrow table is installed under the aft window in the cabin, at the same time giving rigidity to the aft bulkhead. The table in the middle part can be made sliding. On the opposite side of the cabin there is a sliding door and a clothes hanger. Curtains can be hung on the windows, and shelves for books can be installed in the gaps between the windows.

In the bow there is a salon (it is also the wheelhouse, dining room, living room, etc.). In the middle of the cabin there is a table, on the left is the helmsman's place with a steering wheel and engine control levers. The table, as in the sleeping cabin, can be sliding. The salon can also accommodate two beds for children (or for guests).

A galley is located between the sleeping cabin and the saloon on the port side. The galley has shelves for dishes and food. If you remove part of the kitchen table, then a tourist gas stove or a kerosene stove can be installed in the opening that opens. On the right is a small sink; it serves for washing dishes, and on cold days, when you cannot swim, for washing.

On the starboard side, between the sleeping cabin and the saloon, there is a toilet-toilet with an open hole, without flushing. When navigating the canal, it is replaced by a bucket.

For the convenience of mooring to the shore, there is a wide open area in the bow; it is convenient to go ashore or swim from it.

Outboard motors are offered as engines on the dacha boat.

The desire to make dacha boats as fast as possible led to the use of planing lines. Tall superstructures require a wide, stable hull. A way out was found in the use of a double-hull design, in which each of the hulls can be as narrow as you like. The use of two motors in a double-casing design is logical and convenient.

Description of the structure. The constructive basis of the double-hulled dacha boat is a platform to which two floats are attached at the bottom, and a cabin at the top. The lateral rigidity of the platform, which has a thickness of 100 mm in the middle and 200 mm in the bow, is provided by light beams installed every 300 mm, two internal bulkheads, as well as the front and rear walls of the cabin. The longitudinal rigidity of the platform is given by the sides of the floats and the longitudinal walls of the cabin.

Each of the two floats has two bulkheads or consists of three separate parts - fore, middle and aft. Parts of the floats are molded from hydrophobic fiberglass on polyester resins. The small width of the floats allows them to be made without frames; the strength of the floats is ensured by end bulkheads and keelsons glued into the floats in finished form. The floats have a simple shape (except for the bottom of the bow) and small dimensions, which simplifies their manufacture.

It is also possible to manufacture floats from waterproof plywood. The contours of the bow in this case can be obtained by sticking a layer of foam plastic on the plywood bottom, which is then processed according to templates taken from the theoretical drawing and pasted over with a cloth. The bottom of the bow can also be glued from veneer.

The stern part of each float has a cutout offset to the boat's day-meter plane for mounting an outboard engine and a fenced-in box to protect the rest of the float cavity from water flooding. The transom of the aft part of the float is reinforced and adapted for mounting the engine on it.

The outer perimeter of the platform serves as a fender and is edged with a strip of durable material. To protect against water, the plywood sheathing of the platform is pasted over with a polyester resin fabric.

The walls of the cabin to the windows are made of plywood edged boards, the middle part is made of frames into which glass or plexiglass is inserted on rubber profiles. The roof is glued out of fiberglass on a square lattice made of foam plastic profiles, edged from below with strips of plywood. In case of difficulties with gluing, the roof can also be made of bent plywood sheets.

Sliding doors of the cabin (two external, one to the latrine and one to the sleeping cabin) are installed on plastic skids.

The aft part of the cabin hangs over the transoms of the floats, and therefore the upper parts of the outboard motors are inside the cabin and are accessible from it. To reduce odor penetration into the cabin, the upper parts of the engines are enclosed in box-casings protruding above the cabin floor.

The results of calculating the speed, based on the values ​​of the stop measured by the tests of the Moscow engine, are presented in the form of a graph. As can be seen from this graph, when running under one engine "Moskva" at any displacement of the dacha boat, its speed will fluctuate from 12 to 14 km / h. With two engines, the speed of the boat, at a distance from the displacement, increases to 27-35 km / h. In order for the total weight of the dacha vessel not to exceed 720 kg (in this case, a speed of 35 km / h can be obtained), it must be built easily and without any frills. The approximate distribution of weight (in kg) between the individual parts of the vessel is as follows.

Two floats ................................................ ............... 144
Platform................................................. .................. 132
Cabin................................................. ........................... 136
Engines with half fuel capacity ............... 84
Camping equipment and personal belongings ..................... 74
Two passengers ................................................ .............. 150
Total 720

If two more passengers are taken on board and the total weight rises to 870 kg, the speed will drop to 27 km / h, which is also, ultimately, not so bad.

The stability of a double-hulled vessel, in which the limiting displacement of each float is more than three times higher than its normal load, is obviously sufficient. On the move, due to the influence of dynamic forces, stability increases. The swinging of double-hulled vessels occurs along with the waves, like a raft, since the natural oscillation period is very small.

If you wish, you can build an even smaller vessel with approximately the same characteristics, but for one outboard engine "Moscow". Such a dacha boat is built without a cabin, with one platform on which you can put a tent. All sizes of floats according to the given theoretical drawing should be reduced by 1.26 times. The total length at the waterline will be 4000 mm instead of 5040, the total width at the floats is 2330 instead of 2940, and so on.

The lower part of the graph shows the resistance of a vessel of such reduced dimensions for a displacement of 436 and 360 kg.

The project of this floating cottage on the basis of a 9.5-meter water jet boat with simplified contours was developed by J. Kobachevsky. He also built a solid building with a double diagonal planking of pine boards, lined on the outside with 3 mm AMg-3 alloy sheets. Finish building floating house happened to me. This task was complicated by the fact that after the death of the designer, all the sketches and diagrams he had made were lost.

To some extent, the ship is similar to the "Birch", the project of which was published in the third issue of "Boats and Yachts" (1964), but, as it turned out, the hull was designed long before the publication of the collection. information from "C&Y" and all available materials were widely used.

The forepeak stores an anchor chain 20 m long and two. In the bow there is a "veranda" with two sofas-lockers on the sides, covered with a light duralumin awning made of two halves connected by a piano loop.

The superstructure has dimensions in terms of 5.0X3.0 m. Its walls and roof are made of bakelized plywood 10 mm thick; the roof is covered with epoxy resin. The height of the walls is 1100 mm. Since the horizontal flooring (floor) is lowered below the deck (300 mm from the OL), the height of the rooms is 1800 mm. For thermal insulation, a foam layer is laid along the walls and ceiling. Internal lining is made with decorative mahogany plywood and plastic with layouts along the beams. The side windows of the saloon are made of the trolleybus type with sliding glass, the front observation windows are made of plexiglass.

The aft cabin, separated from the saloon by a sliding metal door, is equipped with built-in wardrobes for various purposes, hangers and shelves. There is also a kitchen table with shelves, a gas stove and a sink-sink, which is supplied with hot and cold water. Nearby there is a combined bathroom - shower and latrine.

In the stern - in the engine compartment - there is a 45-horsepower Skoda 1201 automobile engine with an additional casing on the exhaust manifold for heating water. Two gas tanks with a capacity of 80 liters are suspended under the deck; cans and an inflatable boat - tuzik are also placed here. The Yant's deck is covered with corrugated rubber mats on a glyphtal varnish.

The driver's post is located on the left side in the bow compartment, near the front glass. A plexiglass skylight is made over the driver's head.

For two years, in winter and summer, our whole family worked with great enthusiasm on the completion and equipment of the floating dacha. And now the long-awaited moment of the first sailing of "Yant" has come. What can be said about our ship in general? This is a reliable and comfortable houseboat. Due to the high cabin, "Yanta" has a large windage, so that the speed is in direct proportion to the strength and direction of the wind and ranges from 15 to 20 km / h. Large weight results in significant inertia. It was necessary to get used to the peculiarities of ship control due to the reaction of the jet of a water cannon.

The boat, trailer, floating house "Don" has been produced at the Gorky Aviation Plant (now OJSC NAZ Sokol) since 1978. "Don" is a multifunctional device, the main purpose of which is to organize recreation near and on the water. The transformer boat can be used both as a cargo trailer, and as a house for temporary residence in nature and as a motor vessel. At the same time, both the entire hull and its bow can be used as a boat.

Frame

Structurally, "Don" consists of two sections with a hinge in the upper part. The body is made of duralumin. The transverse set is made with frames, there is no longitudinal set, and the rigidity is provided by the steps and stiffeners molded in the sides. The connections of the body elements are made with rivets.

Boat 5 meters long

The Don can be used as a full-size boat by rigidly connecting both sections. The catamaran bow contours are smoothed out by a hydraulic shield for a smooth transition to the flat-bottomed stern section. In this version of the boat, you can install a remote steering control, which somewhat hides the useful area when using the Don as a tent.


The transom of the boat allows you to install an outboard boat motor with a power of up to 30 HP on it. In this case, the boat speed can reach 37 km / h. Despite the significant stability of the boat at a standstill, its seaworthiness is far from ideal. The navigation area is limited by the manufacturer to inland waters with a wave height of up to 0.3 meters and a distance from the coast of up to 1 km.

Boat length 3 meters

The front section of the Don boat can be used separately. In this version, the dimensions of the boat are also suboptimal, and transom plates with buoyancy cavities are used to reduce the effect of delphinating an almost square vessel. In this form, the boat is capable of planing at speeds up to 42 km / h and even pulling a skier with the same maximum 30-horsepower engine.

Swimming

Both sections of the Don are about 2.5 meters long, which makes it quite convenient to stay in it for the night. For this, side seats are provided. The set in Don offered a two-piece awning, separate for the front and rear. The awning is installed on the aluminum ribs of the skeleton, which rises almost one and a half meters above the board. If the resting company is small, you can take the aft part as a tent and leave it on land. Use the bow section on the water.


The total area of ​​the assembled floating sections is 8.5 square meters and can accommodate up to 6 people for the night. The bottom plate can be used as a table.

Trailer

The aft section of the Don serves as the trailer body. Wheels with a suspension with spring-hydraulic shock absorbers are fixed on it. The drawbar is removable and is attached directly to the hull of the trailer boat. Many owners are redesigning the trailer suspension to increase its reliability. When transporting a boat, its bow is laid on top of the stern. The space between the bow line and the bulkhead of the stern zone is closed with the same hydraulic shield. The weight of the bow section is over 70 kg. A minimum of two people are required to disassemble the boat.

Conclusion

The floating boat trailer "Don" was sold at a price of 2300 rubles and was produced in relatively small quantities. Currently, the popularity of this model does not decrease and the cost of such a transformer in the secondary market, depending on the state, reaches 150 thousand rubles *

*year 2014.

The boat "Don" is a vessel with an interesting concept "floating dacha". Manufacturing began in 1978 at the Aviation Plant. S. Ordzhonikidze. Already in the first year, 500 floating boats "Don" were produced. The design was in great demand due to its small size, ease of transportation as a trailer, installation of an awning tent instead of a fixed rigid structure. Manufacturing material - duralumin. By combining lightweight material and a deckless hull, the ship came out lightweight.

general description

The boat "Don" is perfectly adapted for transportation as a trailer. Can be fixed to all kinds of small cars. Acquired active distribution in various fields of application. Most often it was installed as a house for 4 people near the river banks. Despite its specific purpose, the device is completely autonomous and can be moved by means of a 30 hp motor. With. The boat "Don" is a vessel with an interesting concept "floating dacha"

A unique feature was the ability to go on planing. The bow can be used separately in the ship, this allows you to create a small motor boat with high speed characteristics. You can do small walks, go fishing or use the boat for water-skiing.

The Don floating trailer is a single-axle bogie with a low weight. In the stern there are folding wheels, which are equipped with a drawbar. The nose section is used as a roof, it tilts over so that the bottom is at the top, and the nose is directed in the opposite direction. There are 2 gramophone locks for fixing the roof.

The connection between the sections is made with hinges. Each opening on the walls of the cottage has special covers that are locked with a lock. The front cover can be removed. When operating in the "summer cottage" mode, the cover can be used instead of a table on the bank or as a waterproof sheet for the hull when driving. On the back there is a cover where the number is attached; it can be rotated thanks to the hinges. In order not to take up much space, the shield can be placed in the sub-engine niche.

By design, the cottage:

• made of 2 sections;
• the body has a rectangular shape;
• thanks to the planing catamaran lines, the vessel is able to quickly pick up speed and stay on planing;
• a folding awning can be installed on top of the cockpit, with its help 2 rooms with an area of ​​8.5 m 2 are equipped;

The Don floating trailer is a single-axle bogie with a low weight

• the whole body is made of all-metal sheets of D16 duralumin;
• rivets are used for connection;
• there is no longitudinal set, and longitudinal steps are used to achieve proper strength;
• the material is reinforced with stamped corrugations.

In the stern area there are 2 side soft sofas. They can accommodate 2 people for the night. When reclining the seats, lockers and a compartment for the engine and fuel tank become visible. In the middle of the cockpit there is a driver's seat with a seat, next to it there is a folding table. To attach the table, hooks are used, which are fixed to the board and are supported by a stand.

With its small dimensions, the cockpit can easily accommodate 3 people. When traveling with maximum load, the vessel remains stable. Can be used for paddling if necessary.

In order to coordinate the difficult design of the contours in the bow area and the flat-keeled bottom in the stern area, a special hydraulic shield is installed. It is made unsinkable to improve displacement qualities.

To protect the motor from water ingress, a splash guard is installed on the sternwood tube, which has a welded structure and is made of light metal.

The maximum engine power is 30 hp. sec., this is enough to develop a speed of 37 km / h. The best propulsion performance at full load is shown by a propeller with a small pitch of about 250 mm. It is installed together with a 20 hp engine. With. Cottage circulation at full speed with a 30 hp motor. With. is up to 15-17 m.
Trailer boat Don

The advantage of giving is the ability to use both on land and on water. The nose is detachable and can be used for fun or short travel on water. When disassembled, the boat can be carried by two people. The circulation when detaching the bow is 10–12 m. To reduce the effect of trim due to the small size, transom plates are installed at the rear.

The design provides for sealed compartments with a total capacity of 330 liters. This is enough to ensure the complete unsinkability of the vessel. The manufacturer guarantees that in case of flooding, the boat will stay on the water even with 2-3 passengers on board.

Due to the use of vinyl chloride enamel (XB-16), additional manipulations are not required when preparing the vessel for wintering. Maintenance of the structure is reduced to periodic cleaning of the case. For parking, pads or fenders are used.

The boat includes:

• a transport bag for storing repair parts;
• pads;
• spray deflectors;
• pins.

Characteristics of the floating boat "Don"

The Don trailer is perfect for long trips and rest. Especially useful for people who prefer leisure, you can easily assemble the boat, set it in tug and go to another body of water.
Characteristics of the floating boat "Don"

Technical characteristics of the trailer-boat "Don":

• maximum length:
  1. in the state of giving - 5.06 m;
  2. detachable bow section - 3.02 m;
• overall width:
  1. assembled - 1.8 m;
  2. nose only - 1.75 m;
• limiting height:
  1. in the form of a summer residence with and without an awning - 2.02 and 0.7 m;
  2. separate nose - 0.62 m.
• side height aft and bow:
  1. in the form of a summer residence - 0.66 m;
  2. detached bow - 0.5 and 0.59 m;
• unladen draft with outboard motor and fuel reserve - 0.21 m;
• weight of the structure, subject to the removal of removable elements:
  1. dacha - 147 kg;
  2. nose only - 67 kg;
• unladen weight (when the engine is removed and the tank is empty):
  1. dacha - 241 kg;
  2. nose - 78 kg;

Trailer boat dacha "Don"

• payload:
  1. assembled - 500 kg;
  2. bow compartment - 225 kg;
• speed with minimum load:
  1. assembled structure without a roof - 37 km / h;
  2. bow - 42 km / h;
• speed with a load of 400 kg:
  1. dacha - 30 km / h;
  2. nose only - 38 km / h.

The Don trailer can be operated on rivers with a maximum distance from the coast of up to 1 km, provided the wave height is up to 30 cm. Disassembled, the Don boat can be used at a distance from the coast up to 500 m and waves up to 25 cm.

Variants of using the boat-trailer "Don"

If you wish, you can remove the seats and remove the floorboards, this will make it possible to make an ordinary cart from the Don trailer, which can be used for various agricultural tasks. It should be borne in mind that the material is not designed for heavy loads, therefore, about 300 kg can be towed. The reason is not only in the body, but also in the fact that more weight can lift up the trunk of the car. Maximum permissible weight for a car - 33%. The trailer can be used for any car, except for "Zaporozhets".
Use of a trailer boat "Don"

The wheels have independent suspension with levers. Shock absorbers combine spring and hydraulic mechanisms. The design was borrowed from the Ural-2 and M-63 motorcycles. The suspension provides optimum stability and a smooth ride during towing. B-19A tires are used on the wheels. For normal movement, you need to provide a pressure of 1.1–1.5 kgf / cm 2. When driving on water, raise the landing gear. If the boat will be operated exclusively on the water, the landing gear must be completely removed.

The drawbar is made using a gap-free technique. It is based on a ball type with Ø50 mm.

The design of the trailer has the necessary lighting equipment for movement at night: the light above the license plate and the rear lights. To connect the light system, it is enough to use a cable from a 12 V DC network. For fastening, a plug connection (PS-300) is used. Additionally, the structure has reflectors on both sides.

To reduce the resistance from the trailer and the full movement of the car, the design provides for:

• small dimensions;
• a light weight;
• extended track;
• minimum tire pressure;
• increased ground clearance;
• significant exit angle.

The cross-country ability of the trailer does not impose restrictions on the place of operation of the vehicle. "Don" can be used on all terrain and types of roads.
Trailer tent boat don

To maintain a high level of safety, it is not necessary to reach a speed of more than 80 km / h. At any speed, the trailer does not lead to yaw, wobble. In addition, these qualities are important for launching a boat into the water or when driving in areas with difficult terrain.

The structure is deployed in the "summer cottage" mode while still on land.

Algorithm of actions:

• For this purpose, the covers on the bow and stern, as well as the locking locks, are opened.
• Now you should turn the nose using the hinges until the bottom and the surface of the earth touch. It is recommended that only two people install the nose, as it is necessary to keep the 70 kg section from damage.
• Lift and secure the wheels, they must point upwards.
• The dacha rises on special support blocks.

These actions take up to 10 minutes. If the parking will be short, it is not necessary to lower the pads, it is enough to support the cottage on the wheels and the bow keel.

An alternative deployment option involves removing the bow compartment, then the house can accommodate 2-3 people and will have only 1 room.

It is done as follows:

• The wheels need to be raised.
• Lower the stern onto the blocks for support.
• Remove the drawbar.
• An awning is mounted on top of the cart. In such a design, a canopy can be obtained, for this you need to raise the sides and fix them to the supports from the tubes, they are fixed to the ground from below. At the end, a system of stretch marks is used for fixing; they are in a bag in the side locker.
• Under the canopy, using the legs, the hydraulic panel is installed, it replaces the kitchen table.
• To make it easier to get into the salon, it is recommended to install an entrance ladder under the door.

Multifunctional swimming becomes a universal tool for calm rivers, as it allows you to conveniently conduct long time on water and on land.

Candidate Master of Sports, has taken part in international races in inflatable boats with outboard motors.

Hunter and fisherman with 8 years of experience. Prize-winner of the Russian championships, prize-winner of the Cup of Russia and Rosokhotrybolovsoyuz in spinning from a boat and on a spoon.
Member of the Rosokhotrybolovsoyuz Association and the Military Hunting Society.