Sviblovo old photos. Kolskaya street - railway bridge

Late 18th - early 19th centuries. Unfortunately, time did not spare her, but what she managed to save is of interest as a historical and cultural monument. In the twentieth century, many rare buildings were lost, but today the Sviblovo estate is being reborn. In 1994, the Moscow Government decided to transfer the estate and create the Sviblovsky Patriarchal Metochion on its territory.

History

According to an ancient legend, the name of the estate is associated with the name of the governor Svibla, who served under Dmitry Donskoy. The compound is mentioned in the works of A.S. Pushkin, in the works of N.M. Karamzin, but as Svirlovo.

Since the 17th century, these lands belonged to the Pleshcheev family. Then they passed into the possession of Peter the Great, who later rose to the position of commandant of St. Petersburg, and then became the governor of Moscow.

Main house

In 1704, stone chambers appeared in the estate. Main house built by Swedish soldiers who were captured after In 1709, the Trinity Church was rebuilt from stone again. The bell that crowned it went to the owner as a trophy from the Swedes.

According to the surviving documents, the Sviblovo estate was surrounded by an English-style garden. There were spruce, linden trees and flower beds with various plants were planted along them. There was a theater in this garden.

The main house looked very picturesque from the Yauza side. In its bend was artificial island, which was divided into four sectors and decorated with a picturesque gazebo. A wooden rotunda made of tesa, which had a hipped roof, ended with a belvedere. And its top was crowned with a spire. In those days, with the help of dams that were erected near the island, the meadow was filled with water, and it was possible to get to the rotunda only on a wooden raft. A walking path was laid from the house to the bathing pool. A round area with a recreation pavilion was also organized here.

This estate passed to the Golitsyn family after M. S. Plescheeva became the wife of one of the representatives of this ancient family - P. Ya. Golitsyn. True, they did not remain the owners of the estate for long.

In 1782, the estate was bought by Major General N.P. Vysotsky, who was the nephew of Grigory Potemkin, a favorite of Empress Catherine II. In the 20s of the XIX century, the estate again passed to a new owner. This time the wealthy merchant I.P. Kozhevnikov became it, and in 1867 it was bought by B.K.Khalatov. Its last owner before the October Revolution was his son, G.B. Khalatov.

The estate after the revolution

During the reign of the Bolshevik government, the Sviblovo estate gradually began to decline - part of the park was cut down, many buildings were demolished, and those buildings that survived were used for household needs.

Initially, the Revolutionary Committee of the local settlement was placed in the main manor house, later it was arranged here for the military personnel, who at that time were assigned to the railway guard.

Sviblovo estate today

Since 1997, the Sviblovo estate, the photo of which you see in our article, has been the property of the Russian Orthodox Church. It is gradually being reborn.

To date, the territory has been ennobled, the ponds have been cleaned, and the canal around the island has been restored. The lost rotunda pavilion was recreated on it. The main house of the estate, which was built in the classicism style, was also restored.

Once upon a time, its front parts were decorated with graceful balconies, leaning on columns. The second floor and mezzanine were built of wood, but during the restoration they were made of stone. The central part of the building is distinguished by a portico, which consists of four columns.

On both sides of the main house of the estate there are wings, which give the building austerity and solemnity. During the initial construction they were also made of wood, but during the reconstruction they were built from bricks.

The L-shaped human wing has also survived to this day. It was built at the beginning of the 19th century on the foundations of the chambers that were built in the 18th century. A wooden second floor was built over it at the end of the 19th century.

Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in the Sviblovo Estate

Surprisingly, this one also survived in the estate. It was built in 1708 in the Baroque style. The temple in the Sviblovo estate is distinguished by its decorative decoration indoor spaces made in the same style. True, some elements of architecture are added to them, which are typical for the time of Peter the Great. At the end of the 17th century, a bell tower built in the classicism style appeared next to the temple.

School in the Sviblovo estate

Today, the estate houses the Orthodox School named after Sergius of Radonezh. She accepted her first students in September 2001. The opening of the school was blessed by Alexy II - Patriarch of All Russia. Nine years later (2010) the school received the status of a non-state secondary general education Orthodox school. Having received a license in 2011, the school became an independent educational institution.

In addition to the general educational program, students of the school study such disciplines as the Law of God, the basics of Orthodox culture, church singing, liturgy, the history of the New and ancient languages.

In addition, the guys are engaged in various crafts - bead embroidery, ceramics, artistic embroidery, master the basics of gold sewing, weave lace, and do silk. Students of the school participate in all-Russian and international exhibitions, where their work never goes unnoticed.

School pupils also have lessons in the basics of stage skills, where young talents stage interesting performances, shoot films that are dedicated to anniversary events in the life of the country and the Orthodox Church.

The children's and youth school choir is a constant participant in all-Russian and international competitions and festivals of Russian folk and sacred music. He became their laureate many times.

Today the Sviblovo estate, located at 15 Lazorevy proezd, has become a place cultural recreation many Muscovites who want to know the history of their native places.

Then the village changed owners more than once, and, finally, in 1620, it was granted to the steward Lev Afanasyevich Pleshcheev "for the Moscow siege seat by the prince's parish", then it was inherited, and in 1704 the village was taken over by Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin. He built stone chambers, a stone Trinity Church, a malt factory, but after the Battle of Poltava he took his people to other estates, and settled captured Swedes in Sviblovo, "all kinds of artisans." In 1721, after a high-profile land process, the village was returned to the Pleshcheev family, but due to a lack of funds it fell into disrepair.

At the beginning of the 19th century, for almost two years "he rented a beautiful country house in wonderful places near Moscow "NM Karamzin. Here, in Sviblov, he conceives the idea of ​​writing the history of the state, to which he devotes the rest of his life.

In the 20s of the XIX century, Sviblovo was bought by I.P. Kozhevnikov. He is building an exemplary cloth factory using imported equipment. At the same time, guests often come to the Sviblovo estate for concert evenings to listen to the invited artists. The gypsy singer Stesha (Stepanida Sidorovna Soldatova) enjoyed great success at that time. In the 1950s, industrial construction developed rapidly, crowding out neighboring groves and meadows. Factories were built in Sviblovo: a wool-spinning merchant Karasev, a cloth-weaving merchant Sinitsin, a wool-washing workshop of Wassen, a cloth Shaposhnikova.

From the 70s until the October events of 1917, the estate was owned by the mining engineer Georgy Bakhtiyarovich Khalatov. Here, before the revolution, the dressing and weaving production of the merchant Wolfberg was established, there was also a wool spinning establishment of the merchant Dupont. In the same years, the neighboring small village of Filino, located slightly upstream of the Yauza River, was owned by Richters. The lands of this small village are also part of the modern Sviblov.

In 1917, the economic owners were gone. And the previously prosperous Sviblovo is in complete decline: the estate is being ruined, the church is being destroyed, the park and ponds are overgrown. Wonderful music-making is not heard, and there are no elegant, magnificent guests. Even the gates to the estate can no longer be called either front or entrance ...

The second birth of the estate began in 1994, when by the decision of the Moscow government it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate.

Currently, the estate has the status of a Patriarchal courtyard, the abbot of which is Archpriest Sergius (Kiselev). A handicraft center of the North-Eastern Administrative District operates on its territory, an arts school has been opened, in which young people are introduced to the cultural heritage of Russia, taught the skills of weaving, lace-making, beading, floristry, painting. And also the Trinity Deanery of Moscow and the Orthodox gymnasium are located.

We would like to draw your attention to the result of fifteen years of restoration work.

1. General view of the estate.

2. The human corps, that is abbot's chambers.

View from the north-east.

3. Temple of the Life-Giving Trinity(1708). The stone church is located on the site of the old Trinity Church, built in 1677. Two-altar - the main altar is consecrated in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, a chapel in the name of the Great Martyr George the Victorious. Built in the Naryshkin Baroque style. In Soviet times (in 1938), the church was closed and was used as a utility room until 1990. During this time, the building was badly damaged, there were not even sketches of the interior decoration and painting of the temple.

View from the north.

4. The master's house with outbuildings.

East wing.

The Sviblovo Estate (Old Sviblovo) is a small cozy estate in the north of Moscow. It was built next to a small village of the same name, which stood here in the middle of the 15th century.

Most interesting place in the park - small island with a rotunda in the middle. Around the island, a ditch with a diameter of 60 m was dug, absolutely circular in shape.

The rotunda itself is called the "Temple of Air". Four bridges lead to it from different sides.

A local resident leads us through the park and the estate - our friend named Venus. She is also a musician.

From 1722 to 1725, the daughter of Peter I, Anna Petrovna, lived in the estate. At the place where we are now standing was her residence. Only the rotunda remained from the residence.

Sviblovsky spring. Previously, water from the spring came to the estate and the fountain, but now it just flows. Drinking water is not recommended. Oh, how this water is not recommended to drink! But you can wash your face.

Sviblovskie ponds are located near the estate.

Until recently, Sviblovsky pond with an island was one of the most overgrown ponds in Moscow with algae. And now the number of all kinds of water lilies is amazing.

It will take very little time to go around the pond and the estate - a walking pace a little over an hour.

People come here for picnics. We saw a lot of "holidaymakers" pulling all kinds of barbecues, bags of coal and tons of barbecue from their cars.

Although for those who arrive early, local barbecues and tables with benches are also provided. I even regretted that kebabs were not included in our plans.

According to ancient legend, the name of the village is associated with the governor Svibla, who served under Dmitry Donskoy. True, in the works and works of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin and Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the estate is referred to as "Svirlovo".

During almost the entire 17th century. the village belonged to the representatives of the Pleshcheev family. At the beginning of the 18th century. the village was owned by a relative of Peter I - K.A. Naryshkin. After Naryshkin, the estate changed many owners. In her different time owned by the Golitsyns, Pleshcheevs and others. At the beginning of the 19th century. N.M. Karamzin lived in Sviblovo.

In 1704 Naryshkin built stone chambers. The main house was built by Swedish soldiers captured during the Battle of Poltava. In 1709, the local Trinity Church was rebuilt in stone, the bell on which was given to the owner from the Swedes as a trophy.

This is the main house of the Sviblovo estate. On the sides there are two completely identical outbuildings.

And this is the "Human Wing". An outbuilding from the very beginning to the present day.

On the territory of the estate, a strange oriental pavilion was discovered, which absolutely does not fit with the rest of the buildings around.

Chapel of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross.

In 1782, the estate complex was bought by Major General N.P. Vysotsky, who was the nephew of the favorite of Catherine II, Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin. It is with him that "Sviblovo" takes on the form we see it now.

A bush of Persian lilacs of a very rich color grows near the temple. And the aroma is such that it just knocks down.

It was this lilac that made the strongest impression on me of all that I saw in the Sviblovo estate.

Other estates and parks:

Used only own photos - date of shooting 06/02/2012

Address: Moscow, Lazorevy pr., 19, metro "Sviblovo".
How to get there: walk from metro Sviblovo 1.3 km, bus 628 from metro Sviblovo (4 stops) to the stop Lazorevy pr. (13 min.).

The village has been known since the XIV century. At that time it was owned by the governor F.A. Sviblo, an associate of Dmitry Donskoy. During almost the entire 17th century. the village belonged to the representatives of the Pleshcheev family. At the beginning of the 18th century. the village was owned by a relative of Peter I - K.A. Naryshkin. He built the estate in 1704-1708. After Naryshkin, the estate changed many owners. It was owned by the Golitsyns, Pleshcheevs and others at different times. At the beginning of the 19th century. N.M. Karamzin lived in Sviblovo. By the beginning of the 18th century. here a typical economic complex was formed: a wooden manor house, a soap-house, that is, a bathhouse, a stockyard, a mill with a dam, grain barns. The owners of the estate kept up with the Moscow fashion for gardens - there were apple trees, pears, cherries, currants.
Under K.A. Golitsyn, a stone church of the Life-Giving Trinity (1708), a manor house, stone chambers and other buildings were erected.
However, the Pleshcheevs were not going to put up with the loss of Sviblov, and in 1719 they returned the estate to themselves, after which "complete desolation reigned there - Pleshcheev lacked neither the means, nor the ability" to maintain the estate.
At the beginning of the 18th century. The estate was rented by the Duke of Golfstein Karl-Friedrich - the future husband of the eldest daughter of Peter I, Anna Petrovna. From 1722 to 1725, the daughter of Peter I, Anna Petrovna, lived in the estate. In the place of the old woman there was a round channel with a fill-up island in the middle - there was her residence. In the center of the island was the Rotunda. Four bridges were thrown across the canal to the island. The moat was restored in 2007-2008.
Two floors of the main house (the first floor is brick, the second is wooden) were built in the 1780s. in the forms of early classicism, in the 1820s. a mezzanine was built on; the upper parts of the building and the interiors received an architectural decor in the form of the Empire style. Two wings on the sides of the front yard, built of wood at the end of the 18th century, in the 1980s. recreated in brick. The "human" wing (1820s) and park ponds have been preserved. At the beginning of the XIX century. N.M. Karamzin lived in the Sviblovo estate. Subsequently, Sviblovo was acquired by the merchant I.P. Kozhevnikov, who set up a large cloth factory in the village in 1821.
During the Great patriotic war the park was almost completely cut out. At the moment, a church, two stone outbuildings and a manor house (second half of the 18th - 19th centuries) have been restored. There are two ponds in the floodplain of the Yauza River.
In 1994, by decision of the Moscow government, the estate was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church, which restored the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity. The Trinity Church is protected by the state as an object cultural heritage federal significance, the rest of the structures - as objects of regional significance. Nowadays, the core of the estate is under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate, the territory in the Yauza floodplain and along the Lazarev passage belongs to the city lands.
In our time, a church, a bell tower, two ponds, a picturesque relief and a small area of ​​forest have survived from the estate.
It was decided to restore some fragments of the once existing park, fitting them into the existing situation. As a result, convenient pedestrian paths were laid on the territory, which connected separate interesting areas. The remaining ponds were cleaned, new bridges were built, benches were installed along the banks. In accordance with the historical planning on the site, it was decided to restore the island, surrounded by a dug channel. They also built a classic rotunda pavilion, similar to the one that existed, which was called the "Temple of Air" during the design process.

Kapustinsky (or Kapustyansky) pond
Located on Snezhnaya street.
Area 2.4 hectares. The average depth is 2.5 m, the volume of water in the reservoir is 60 thousand cubic meters.
A beautiful reservoir with an island, which is located in the northeastern part of the pond, in the upper reaches of the covered Leonovsky brook. The area of ​​the island inaccessible to people is 0.12 hectares. In 2007, water lilies were seen - a sign of the purity of the water. It was named after the merchants Kapustins, the late owners of the Leonov village. This pond is old, and an alley of huge lindens planted in pairs led to it from the Sviblovo estate. Now the lindens are all withered. Until recently, the Kapustinsky pond was one of the most overgrown with algae ponds in Moscow, but in recent years the territory of the pond has been improved.

Manor scheme: 1 - main house; 2 - outbuilding; 3 - Human wing; 4 - Trinity Church.

Sviblovo estate	Sviblovo estate	The main house of the Sviblovo estate
Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Sviblovo	Human wing	Chapel of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Sviblovo, 2001
The Yauza River and the bridge to the circular moat around the church in the summer residence of the eldest daughter of Peter I Anna Petrovna

The Sviblovo district is remarkable for its history. The first mention of it dates back to 1423.
The name Sviblovo, as historians suggest, came from the name of the boyar Fyodor Andreevich Svibla. "Swing", "swib" in common parlance, meant lisping, tongue-tied, a person with a defect in diction. And his surname was Ratshovich, since he was the great-grandson of Ratibor or, diminutively Ratshi, an aristocrat from Slavonia. Ratibor at the beginning of the 13th century went into the service of Alexander Nevsky and participated in all the famous campaigns of his new overlord. Great-grandson Fyodor also made a military career - he was the governor of the Moscow prince Dmitry Ivanovich. He participated in local internecine conflicts, but did not get to the Battle of Kulikovo. He was left by Dmitry as the military commandant of Moscow. As you know, the stone Moscow Kremlin was built under Dmitry Donskoy. This construction was not done without the participation of Fedor Svibla. He financed and was responsible for the construction of one of the Kremlin towers (1367), near which his city estate was located.
This is the Vodovzvodnaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin. Previously, its name was Sviblova Tower. Even now, in any guide to Moscow, you will see the inscription "Vodovzvodnaya (Sviblova) Tower". Of course, in the 14th century it did not look like that, because it was built of limestone. A brick lined, decorated with a green tent-spire much later.
After the death of Dmitry, Vasily the First sat on the throne. Who put Svibla in disgrace and confiscated Sviblovo. Svibl's only son remained childless. This was the end of the Ratshovich family, but the story of Sviblovo did not end there.
It remained state-owned for a long time, until it was awarded to Pleshcheev for the "Moscow Sitting" during the struggle against the invaders. So the two heroes of the fatherland settled side by side. Pleshcheev in Sviblovo, and Pozharsky in Medvedkovo.
From the Pleshcheevs, the village passed into the treasury, and later, together with Medvedkovo, was donated to Galitsin, confiscated and granted to Naryshkin. From the Naryshkins to this day there is a memory - the Temple of the Life-Giving Trinity.
This is how he looked more recently:

If you look at it, you can see that the building of the temple and the bell tower were built in different styles.
The difference between their buildings is only one year (1708 and 1709). But the church was built in the "Naryshkin Baroque" style, and the bell tower in the "Peter's classics". The Naryshkins "caught on" and showed respect for the tsar. Peter did not leave this act unnoticed and favored the bell tower with a large bell, taken as a trophy during the Northern War.
At the end of the 18th century, Sviblovo passed to the industrialists Kozhevnikovs, whose memory is kept by the recently restored mansion and which also recently looked like this:

K.A. Naryshkin built stone chambers, a malt factory, a cookery, human chambers and a church in his estate of good-quality bricks. The captured Swedes were involved in this work. Many of them found their last refuge at the cemetery in Sviblov. In Sviblov there was a beautiful estate, ponds near the Yauza River. For receptions, an entrance gate was built here, a park with walking alleys, with a descent to the Yauza and ponds was laid out.
The history of the region is connected with the name of Pushkin, Scriabin, Karamzin, who for almost two years "has been renting a beautiful country house in beautiful places near Moscow." Here, in Sviblov, he thinks about writing the history of the state, to which he devotes the rest of his life.
At the time of Pushkin, Sviblovo looked like this:

True, according to modern buildings, it is very difficult to believe that this area could have been visited by eminent people of the past. But it was.
By the way, Vasily Shukshin lived in Sviblovo. He lived literally in a house next to us, on which, unlike other houses where he lived, there is no memorial plaque and which is still standing, but most likely it will also be demolished soon. From this unremarkable house in Rusanov's passage, his family life began with L. Fedoseeva, Masha Shukshina was born here.

In 1917, there were no economic owners in the estate. And the previously prosperous Sviblovo falls into complete decay: the estate is ruined, the church is destroyed, the park and ponds are overgrown. Even the gates to the estate can no longer be called either front or entrance ... This continued until the 90s. And so, in 1994, the second birth of the estate began, when by the decision of the Moscow government it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate.
And this is how it all looks today ...
In 2008, the territory of the Round Pond was opened in Sviblovo, on an island that it was impossible to reach earlier. This is how it looks in the evening (this is not my photo, just for general view downloaded):

Below, at the foot of the stairs, there is the Sviblovsky spring:

It is located in the left-bank floodplain of the Yauza River at an altitude of 125 m above sea level. The spring is fed by groundwater from Upper Quaternary deposits (river sands). It gives rise to a natural stream. Water consumption is about 15 liters per minute. The water temperature in summer is 8-9 degrees Celsius. Natural monument since 1987. Once, through lead pipes, water was supplied to the fountain and the estate. The spring has a purely decorative value, the water in it is not recommended for consumption (as in all reservoirs of Moscow).

There are 4 bridges leading to the island.

In the center there is a rotunda - the Temple of Air.

A huge number of ducks swims along the Yauza

Sviblovskie ponds - originally appeared at the beginning of the 18th century, when the estate was owned by K.A. Naryshkin. At the beginning of the 19th century, the estate was a place for festivities popular among Muscovites. A.S. Pushkin and N.M. Karamzin. In recent years, water bodies have been in disrepair. The surrounding area was littered. The slopes began to slide. As part of the restoration program, 2 ponds were restored and populated with fish.