What words to end the city tour with. How to make a good excursion

Thripster turned my life around. This site allowed me to throw out the prepared bundle of resumes and do something that has brought joy, pleasant sums of money and an incredible number of interesting people into my everyday life for a whole year. And all this in a mode convenient for me, and not five days a week from nine to six. I treat the Tripster team with great fondness for clarity, honesty, efficiency (on the verge of fantasy) and openness to new ideas. Through their efforts, the site is constantly improving, and rare technical difficulties are solved as if by magic. But the most important thing: these kind people do everything that it would be difficult and boring for me to do myself. If it weren't for Tripster, I probably would have put off mastering my life's work for later.

I became a guide thanks to Tripster. I stumbled upon it a couple of years ago, read the stories of guides from Istanbul and St. Petersburg, and realized that I also want to show travelers Izborsk - one of the oldest cities in Russia. Now, after hundreds of walks with guests, I can say with confidence: Thripster - best service for booking excursions in Russia. It's beautiful and comfortable - it's nice to look at it, and everything works on it. He is sincere - guides, support service, editors - all living people - travelers feel it, and you will feel it too. And he is active - Tripster is seriously working on promoting excursions, and in the season 80% of orders I receive through Tripster, although I have my own website and I work with several other sites - but they are not so effective. Thripster really makes the world a little better, and I'm glad I was involved in this case too.

The best audience comes from the Tripster- smart, educated, curious, open-minded people, working with whom it is great happiness. We have been on the travel market for 5 years, and we have something to compare with Out of all imaginable partners, Tripster is by far the best. The work of the support service is incredibly professional, these amazing people are ready to personally deal with any problem that arises, help with advice and just support. And another very important point for us is fantastic marketing. Is it possible with such a competition for a long time working and gaining a huge number of excellent reviews of guides to break into the "stars"? We can confidently say that it is possible. Everyone, everyone, everyone who, in one way or another, puts their energy into this wonderful project! You are crazy beautiful!

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During the six months working with Tripster, I made many friends, visiting my favorite city. Precisely friends, because every traveler, coming to a meeting, is tuned into acquaintance, first of all, not with a historical object or museum exhibits, but with an interesting person who can expand the circle of his knowledge in one area or another.

And the best way to make new friends who can appreciate your knowledge and hospitality is the Tripster service. This is a professional team, always ready to help you in any matters of organizing a particular excursion. The main thing is your idea! Offer travelers exactly what you know best and what you love to do, and the result will not be long in coming. I began to receive orders for my excursions from the first days of posting on the service. Come up with your original route or entertainment in your hometown... I wish you success in our common interesting and exciting business!

Introduction.

Hello dear friends. My name is Anna. And today I am your guide. We are with you today gathered in order to listen to a very interesting excursion. The topic of our excursion is "Malakhov Kurgan monument - two defenses"... The route of our excursion passes through the territory of the Malakhov Kurgan, here you will see many monuments, guns, a defensive tower, the places of mortal wounds of Nakhimov and Kornilov, the only tree that survived the Second World War. I will ask you to keep up with the group, during the excursion I will answer your questions.

Well, now let's get back to the topic of our Excursion !! Malakhov Kurgan is not just a historical monument, it is a sacred land for every citizen of Sevastopol, here the fate of the first defense of Sevastopol was decided. The name of the mound, as one of the versions explains, is associated with the name of a retired naval sailor Mikhail Malakhov, who was a highly respected person on the Korabelnaya side, one of the first to settle at the foot of the mound. His house stood on the slope of this mound. People often came to Malakhov for advice, help, for a trial: he was an honest and just man. So they said: "Let's go to the mound, to Malakhov." Kurgan gradually began to be called by his name.

The outwardly mound may not be very impressive - a hill is like a hill. Its height is only 97 meters above sea level, but the glory of the mound is great. Within one hundred years, the mound twice became the arena of the most fierce battles.

During the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855 Malakhov Kurgan, dominating the surrounding area, was the key position of the left flank of the defense. There was also the main bastion of the Ship Side, which, after the death of Vice Admiral V.A. Kornilov began to be called Kornilovsky.

Here the French troops conducted the most violent assaults. However, the enemy managed to take possession of the mound only after eleven months of fighting, when the defensive structures were demolished by many days of artillery bombardment and the forces of its defenders were exhausted. The loss of Malakhov's mound predetermined the outcome of the 11-month defense of the city.

During the period of defense, there were nine batteries on the Malakhov Kurgan, two of them were reproduced in 1958. They are equipped with genuine ship cannons from the Crimean War era. The cannons are cast from cast iron and weigh from two to seven tons. A lot of effort had to be made by the sailors to drag them to the bastions. The cannons fired solid and explosive (bomb) cannonballs. Despite the imperfection of weapons and the need of the defenders in literally everything, the two powerful imperial powers could not take Sevastopol for almost a year.

The enemy managed to undertake the first assault on the city only nine months after the start of the siege, on June 6, 1855. This assault was heroically repulsed by the defenders of Sevastopol. Tells about the events of this day Panorama of the defense of Sevastopol, located on the former fourth bastion.

Many outstanding heroes of the defense fought on the Malakhov Kurgan: admirals Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin, sister of mercy Dasha Sevastopolskaya, sailor Koshka, a participant in many sorties into the camp of the enemy. At night, brave hunters (as they were called) captured trophies, prisoners, destroyed enemy fortifications, and most importantly, it was a very powerful psychological weapon. After the Crimean War, the name "Malakhov Kurgan" became known all over the world. In 1856, the French Marshal Pelissier, who commanded the French army in the Crimea in 1855-1856, was awarded the title "Duke of Malakhovsky". There is a fort Malakhov in Germany, small town near Paris began to be called "Malakoff".

The mound became famous during second defense of Sevastopol. Therefore, Malakhov Kurgan - memorial complex of monuments of two wars: the Crimean and the Great Patriotic War.

Main part

Now we are at the main entrance to the Malakhov Kurgan. Arch adorns a massive Doric portico with dates on the frieze: 1854-1855. A wide front staircase leads to the top of the mound. The staircase bifurcates and reconnects to form a large lawn with a manicured lawn. From here you can see the whole of Sevastopol: the central part of the city; Vladimirsky Cathedral - the tomb of admirals, three of whom died here, on the Malakhov Kurgan; open sea; Konstantinovskaya battery at the entrance to the Sevastopol Bay; The northern side of Sevastopol, crowned with the pyramid of the church of St. Nicholas at the Bratsk cemetery. Now we will climb these stairs

Now we are on the first wide horizontal platform, on which there are two monuments. The one on the left - during the Crimean War, on the right - the Great Patriotic War. Let's go to the monument to the right. This a monument to the pilots of the 8th Air Army, who in May 1944 liberated Sevastopol from the Nazis. It was commanded by Major General Khryukin. As part of the army, the women's night bomber regiment fought under the command of Evdokia Bershanskaya. The girls flew on airplanes with PO-2 percale wings, flew out only at night, since the airplanes were imperfect, in the event of a shell hit they burned like matches. On these planes, the pilots terrified the enemy, the Nazis called them night witches. More than forty female pilots of the regiment
were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The monument is a granite rock from which a fighter "takes off". One of the best fighters of the Second World Yak-3 was used as a prototype for the memorial aircraft. The monument was erected by military builders in July 1944, restored in 1994. Near the monument, granite boards are installed, on which the flight formations and units that participated in the liberation of Sevastopol are listed.

Now let's follow to the left side of the site. Here is a small white marble monument , established in 1892 abovea common grave of Russian and French soldiers . The soldiers who died in the last battle on the Malakhov Kurgan on August 27, 1855 rest in it.

When, on the last day of the first defense, the French broke into the Malakhov Kurgan, the Russians launched several counterattacks, fought selflessly, as a result, losses were very large on one side and on the other. Those killed in this battle were buried in one grave. They were buried by the French, who highly appreciated the courage of their opponents.

A black stele with a black cross rises above the white pedestal. The symbolism of flowers is explained by the inscription in French, embossed on the back of the monument: "They were inspired by victory and united by death. Such is the glory of the brave, such is the lot of the soldier." The words are engraved on the face of the monument: "Monument to the Russian and French soldiers who fell on the Malakhov Kurgan during the defense and attack on August 27, 1855."

During the Great Patriotic War, the monument was badly damaged and restored in 1960.

The main alley of the Malakhov Kurgan begins from this site, which the French soldiers called "devilish"; its age is already approaching fifty years. Trees in this alley were planted by party, state and public figures of the USSR and foreign countries, Heroes of the Soviet Union, cosmonauts (including Yuri Gagarin). Previously, there were signs near the trees, on which the names were written. This alley was called Alley of Friendship.

Now let's go along the alley. So on the left you see a powerful naval weapon . This is a genuine ship cannon from the Second World War. The caliber of the gun is 130 mm, the firing range is 20 km. At this place stood the second gun (ahead of the trees - the first). In October 1941, the destroyer "Perfect" was blown up by a Nazi mine. The guns were removed from it and installed on land. So was created battery "Malakhov Kurgan". The guns were served by the destroyer sailors (60 people), the battery was commanded by Lieutenant Commander Matyukhin. This is what the batteries were called - "Matyukhintsy". The battery provided support to our units on the Mekenziev mountains (16 km to the north), on the northern side of the city.

The Matyukhins fought until the last days of the defense. On June 30, 1942, the Nazis captured the Malakhov Kurgan. The forces were unequal. Those who survived went to the south-west of Sevastopol and continued to fight there. Many suffered the fate of other defenders of the city: they were captured. The cannons you see have been removed from the destroyer Boyky. They are exactly the same as they were on the destroyer "Perfect", and stand here as monuments to the sailors who defended Sevastopol.

Going a little further we see unusual monument. Thismonument tree - old almond , he survived the Great Patriotic War... When Sevastopol was liberated, even the earth was burnt on the Malakhov Kurgan, of course, all the greenery died, and only a small burnt almond tree survived and blossomed. There is only one live branch left on it. But every spring it is covered with white flowers, symbolizing the triumph of life over death.

Now pay attention to the center of the alley, in it is installed bronze relief map of the Malakhov Kurgan bastion ( architect A. Schaeffer). The map shows batteries, powder depots, shelters - everything that was here during the defense of 1854-1855. In the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe angle directed towards the enemy, the so-called outgoing, is indicated Defensive tower , which is now located branch of the Museum of Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol.

Let's go to the Defense Tower. This donjon tower is the only stone defensive structure on the bastion. It was built in the summer of 1854 at the expense of the residents of Sevastopol according to the project of the military engineer F.A. Starchenko. A tower was built of Inkerman stone. The thickness of the walls of the lower tier was 152 cm, the upper one - 88 cm. The tower had 52 loopholes on two tiers, and five fortress eighteen-pound cannons were installed on the upper platform. The tower has a memorial plaque with the names of the regiments and units that defended the Malakhov Kurgan during the first defense.

On October 5, 1854, during the first bombardment of Sevastopol, the upper tier of the tower was demolished by enemy shells, while the lower one served as a shelter. It housed a dressing station, a powder store, a camp church and the headquarters of Rear Admiral V.I. Istomin, who commanded the fourth distance of the defensive line (which included the Malakhov Kurgan). March 7, 1855 Istomin inspected the outrigger fortification of the Malakhov Kurgan, the so-called Kamchatka lunette (in front of the defensive tower), where he was killed on the spot by an enemy cannonball that hit him in the head. It was big loss for the defenders of Sevastopol.

To the left of the tower, you see the Anti-Assault Battery. At this place, during the war, there was a 1803 model ship cannon. Now let's go up the road behind the tower. Here you can see the Battery on the glacis, there is also a marble slab here, marking the place of the fatal wound of Admiral Nakhimov

On June 28, 1855, Nakhimov stood on glacis and watched the positions of the French. As always, the admiral was in uniform with golden epaulettes, representing a good target for the French riflemen (the union is a rifle gun). The commander of the fourth distance, which included Malakhov Kurgan, Captain First Rank F.S. Kern (a relative of Anna Kern) asked him to go down to the shelter, Nakhimov rather abruptly refused. Several bullets hit the parapet nearby, he managed to say: “They are shooting quite well today,” when one of the bullets hit him in the left temple. No efforts of the doctors could save the admiral, and two days later, without regaining consciousness, Nakhimov died.

On this day, the whole of Sevastopol mourned. An eyewitness wrote that there was no person in the city who would not gladly give his life for the life of an admiral. On July 1, Pavel Stepanovich was buried next to his unforgettable teacher Lazarev and his comrades in arms, Kornilov and Istomin, who died at the Malakhov Kurgan. In the obituary of Nakhimov it is said: "Peace be upon your ashes, intelligent, skillful and experienced, passionately in love with his art and his subordinates, equally loved by them, always cold-blooded courageous, kind-hearted, great in mind and courage, honest, generous person!" Admiral Nakhimov wrote: “completely devoted to the service, he did not know outside of it and had no interests.” He devoted himself entirely to the naval service, did not start a family. "Everything here is so clearly and strongly inspired by the soul and strength of Nakhimov that it is impossible not to realize that he really personifies the present era, and it is impossible to imagine what would have happened without him ..." because he took his own apartment for an infirmary for the wounded, and the admiral's personal money went to help the families of sailors.His courage and contempt for death were legendary. was expected by a loud, enthusiastic "Hurray!" The soul of the Sevastopol defense died with Nakhimov.

Proceeding further you see the batteries of Senyavin, Emelyanov. To the right of the batteries is a monument to Kornilov, installed at the site of Kornilov's injury (architect A. Bilderling, sculptor academician I. Schroeder). On the pedestal, the top of which reflects part of the fortification, is the figure of a mortally wounded admiral. With his right hand, he points to the city, his words, spoken before his death, are inscribed below, sound like a call or even an order: "Defend Sevastopol!" On the right - the figure of an artillery sailor, who is given a resemblance to the famous hero sailor P. Koshka. At the foot of the monument there is a cross, laid out by the order of Nakhimov by Sevastopol cabin boys from enemy cannonballs.

Admiral Kornilov was wounded on the day of the first bombing of Sevastopol, October 5, 1854, at about 11 o'clock. Kornilov arrived at the Malakhov Kurgan, examined the tower, the fortifications and went to the horse to continue the survey, but then the enemy's core crushed his left leg at the groin. On the same day at half past four, Vice Admiral Kornilov died. When the defense began, Kornilov was chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. He led the defense, being an excellent organizer, did a lot to build defensive fortifications, to organize the defense as a whole. Despite the fact that Kornilov died at the very beginning of the defense, his merits were great, and the loss for Sevastopol was very great.

The words of the dying Kornilov inscribed on the pedestal enraged the fascist invaders, who paid a terrible price for the capture of Sevastopol. Therefore, they destroyed the monument: they took out the bronze, and blew up the pedestal. A monument dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Sevastopol has been restored. The original version of the monument was taken as a basis, the model of which is kept in the Naval Museum of St. Petersburg. Malakhov Kurgan is a place of exploit of hundreds, thousands of defenders of the city. Note that among those who fought on the Malakhov Kurgan was the father of the “red lieutenant” Pyotr Schmidt - P.P. Schmidt, who commanded the anti-storm battery, and together with the famous N.I. Pirogov and Professor of Kiev University H.Ya. Gubbenet fought for the lives of the wounded and Schmidt's mother E.Ya. Wagner.

Conclusion

So, our tour has come to an end. Thank you all for your attention. You are very good listeners. I am ready to answer your questions.

Photo: Official portal of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow

How to see among skyscrapers and cars ancient city? Where is the utopia house located? Who comes up with city tours and who goes on them? How to get the right route and make a person listen carefully? Larisa Skrypnik, a leading guide of the City Excursion Bureau of the Museum of Moscow, told the site about the pros and cons of the work of a guide, about the mysteries of Moscow and the best excursionists.

- It seems that everything has already been told about Moscow, all city labyrinths and nooks have been passed, and suddenly it appears new route, new excursion - how is it possible?

- The Museum of Moscow, where I work, is celebrating its 120th anniversary this year. And all these years the museum staff have been studying the city, its history, following all the changes that take place in the metropolis. There are thousands of documents, books, photographs in our collection that are still being researched. This alone gives many reasons for a new look even at the most trivial excursions.

There is, of course, a mandatory block of excursions. As a rule, it is sightseeing tour in Moscow, in Red Square, in the historic center, which are intended specifically for the first acquaintance with the city - for those who want to learn about the city in which they live. There are many of them - as experience shows, Muscovites often know the city poorly. It seems to a person: I am here, I will have time for everything - and he passes by interesting places, not paying attention to them. But when interest is shown, the person, as a rule, becomes our regular customer. That is, the one who came once begins to walk constantly. It is very joyful to see how the popularity of walking and bus excursions growing: more and more citizens want to know the maximum about the capital.

But there is another block of routes - those that we come up with on our own. These are always unusual walks in which we show the city from a new perspective. They can be thematic, timed to specific dates, events. So, we constantly have new routes around the unknown Moscow. We really want to show our beloved city from different sides; I would like the participants of the walks to fall in love with Moscow as much as we do. And such excursions, as a rule, are in great demand.

- Can you tell us more about such routes?

- Was interesting story during the celebration of the anniversary of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. We were asked to come up with a walking tour of Gogol's places. Moreover, they asked to show not only the monuments to the writer, which are located at a distance of 400 meters from each other, not only the temple of Simeon the Stylite, of which Gogol was a parishioner, but something else unusual. In a sense, this is a challenge, I love such things very much. I had to do a walking tour and tell a lot about Gogol. As a result, with great interest for myself, I discovered more than 20 places associated with Nikolai Vasilyevich, on the Arbat. Not in Moscow as a whole, but only on the Arbat. Exclusive excursions are born, for example, from such an offer - to help someone with a topic.

Or, for example, an excursion dedicated to 1612 in Moscow. She was not particularly in demand, no one ever asked to drive to these places. But when, nevertheless, the request appeared, it turned out that this is really very interesting excursion... Of course, excursions are also born because you yourself really like something. I love architecture and of course I came up with a walking tour of Art Nouveau. Routes may appear after you've read an interesting book. Nowadays there are a lot of memoirs, all kinds of works by pre-revolutionary Moscow scholars, which we did not know before. You read - and suddenly you see the area completely different, not the way you imagined it, and you have an idea to make an excursion around this place and show Moscow from some, perhaps, unexpected side.

- How does it happen? How is the excursion prepared?

- First, the search for material begins: reading special literature, diaries, going to libraries and, of course, studying the area itself, which you are going to talk about. Sometimes, when you walk the streets, walk into alleys, into courtyards, you discover absolutely incredible treasures that people have not seen. For example, Nikitsky Boulevard is such a front street. But once, when I was preparing an excursion there, I saw a metal gate with a door, behind which it was written that there was a repair of shoes or some kind of hardware. In general, a completely unpresentable door. But when I entered this gateway, I realized that it was whole city with labyrinths. Who would have thought that this could be? People are always very interested in this. As if you are immersed in the past, and you can imagine how you would feel if you lived in this house and your windows looked out onto this courtyard….

- You said that you have developed a guided tour of Art Nouveau, but this is not quite a Moscow style, what are you showing?

- Since this is a walking tour, it passes between Ostozhenka, Prechistenka and in the lanes. This is Isakov's tenement house, Kekushevsky, and the own house of the architect Kekushev. This is also the apartment house of the peasant Loskov. We had such wonderful peasants who could invite the best architects and build houses in the Northern Art Nouveau style. There are really not many of them in Moscow, basically this style is widespread in St. Petersburg.

- It seems to me that the most difficult thing in your work is to make people listen, not all guides and not always succeed.

- You just need to know and understand: people cannot endlessly listen to a set of some facts, even if they are interesting enough, they still need some kind of relaxation. But it is important not just to giggle about something, but that it is tied to the topic. And by the way, on excursions sometimes the participants themselves help to find such relaxing moments. Once, on a tour of the Arbat and Arbat lanes, I had a wonderful girl of about seven years old. On the Arbat, every building has a history, and I want to tell you about everything. I began to talk about the house with knights opposite Tetr Vakhtangov and said that, unfortunately, not all of the knights survived, and this girl tells me: "But I can tell where this knight has gone." I ask: where? She says: “The fact is that he fell in love with this princess - and the Vakhtangov Theater has the Princess Turandot fountain, - he fell in love, went downstairs, bought her jewelry, but she did not accept the gift. Therefore, the knight was upset and left. " This is lovely! Now I always tell this, such a vivid perception by a child of Moscow with its history.

- How long does it take to prepare an excursion?

- It depends on the topic. There are those for which a huge amount of literature has been written, and here you just need to select what you are interested in. There are topics that require serious preparation, maybe even inquiries, meetings with some people who have information on a particular area. The residents themselves tell interesting things. It is always a lot of work.

The selection of material is one of the most exciting moments, and here it is important to control yourself. You search, read, and it is so fascinating that by three o'clock in the morning you can be somewhere in general on the other side of Moscow. Because when you prepare material, one fact clings to another: but the last name slipped through, but not to clarify ... It is very difficult, but even more difficult to choose something when you have collected a huge amount of material and understand that it is impossible to tell everything , - it is always a pity to remove some of the information.

Then comes another very important point: you must link all the objects ... It is clear, if the excursion is thematic, for example, our "Moscow Ambassadorial", then everything is more or less clear. And if this is an excursion along the street and there are absolutely dissimilar buildings, completely different stories, but you have to connect them in some way to each other, you have to get a story.

I had a wonderful excursion, I led her along Volkhonka, and one of the excursionists, as an intelligent person, warned me in advance that she needed to pick up the child from kindergarten, so she will leave in 50 minutes quietly in English. And I am leading the tour and I understand that 50 minutes have passed, an hour has passed, and the woman is still with us. And I say to her: "Excuse me, please, but it seems to you that the child should be taken from the kindergarten." She says: “You understand, I just can't leave. You finish telling and you are so engaging with the next that we will now see further that I cannot leave in any way. " That was the right excursion, since it happened so.

There are also purely technical moments, special ones, which also need to be taken into account: how to stand up correctly so that everyone can hear you, so that you can react to the expression on your face, eyes, so that you can see the tourists and at the same time do not interfere with them seeing objects; how to stand up to show the object as much as possible; how to stand up so that you can talk about several objects without leaving your seat. When preparing a tour, it takes extra time. For example, I walk down the street and begin, to the surprise of passers-by, to run from one place to another, cross the street, come back, in order to understand where it is better for me to put the group. And here you need to show your imagination.

There are many other nuances. For example, you need to take into account the location of pedestrian crossings: where they are located, is it convenient for you to cross from this side to the opposite, so that you do not return to this crossing through another crossing, somehow go further along the route, because people are not interested in the same place to walk back and forth. In general, this is a very big job in fact.

- Let's try to name the pluses and minuses of your profession.

- I was asked this question on excursions ... But it turns out that the minuses turn into pluses. Of course, this is a job that requires a lot of physical exertion, because you need to move a lot both in the preparation process and during the excursion. And they sometimes last two or three hours, and sometimes six or seven.

The weather that we do not choose, and our Moscow weather does not please, let's say, most of the year. Further - that you always work, because you have to be in the subject of modern Moscow, to know everything new that appears, new books about Moscow, new information, new objects. There is so much material that you can never master it completely, but you always strive for it. As a result, you constantly train your memory, your mind, you are always on the move and constantly in the fresh air.

And also people are different, and you make a lot of effort in order to keep your attention. When this happens, I feel a tremendous moral upsurge, because I give my energy to people, and they in return - theirs. After the excursion, I always feel emotionally charged. Everything is interconnected here, and if you like it, then you enjoy it more.

The city excursion bureau has developed more than 80 topics dedicated to the history and modernity of Moscow and its famous citizens.

The mos.ru portal decided to figure out where the routes come from and what makes people go on excursions around the city. How to see the ancient city among skyscrapers and cars? Where is the utopia house located? Who comes up with city tours and who goes on them? How to get the right route and make a person listen carefully? Larisa Skrypnik, a leading guide of the City Excursion Bureau of the Museum of Moscow, spoke to mos.ru about the pros and cons of working as a guide, about the mysteries of Moscow and the best excursionists.

- It seems that everything has already been told about Moscow, all the city's labyrinths and nooks have been passed, and suddenly a new route appears, a new excursion - how is this possible?

There is, of course, a mandatory block of excursions. As a rule, this is a sightseeing tour of Moscow, Red Square, the historical center, which are intended specifically for the first acquaintance with the city - for those who want to learn about the city in which they live. There are many of them - as experience shows, Muscovites often know the city poorly. It seems to a person: I am here, I will have time for everything - and he passes by interesting places, not paying attention to them. But when interest is shown, the person, as a rule, becomes our regular customer. That is, the one who came once begins to walk constantly. It is very joyful to see how the popularity of walking and bus excursions increases from year to year: more and more citizens want to know the maximum about the capital.

- Can you tell us more about such routes?

- There was an interesting story during the celebration of the anniversary of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. We were asked to come up with a walking tour of Gogol's places. Moreover, they asked to show not only the monuments to the writer, which are located at a distance of 400 meters from each other, not only the temple of Simeon the Stylite, of which Gogol was a parishioner, but something else unusual. In a sense, this is a challenge, I love such things very much. I had to do a walking tour and tell a lot about Gogol. As a result, with great interest for myself, I discovered more than 20 places associated with Nikolai Vasilyevich, on the Arbat. Not in Moscow as a whole, but only on the Arbat. Exclusive excursions are born, for example, from such an offer - to help someone with a topic.

Or, for example, an excursion dedicated to 1612 in Moscow. She was not particularly in demand, no one ever asked to drive to these places. But when the request did appear, it turned out that it was indeed a very interesting excursion. Of course, excursions are also born because you yourself really like something. I love architecture and of course I came up with a walking tour of Art Nouveau. Routes may appear after you've read an interesting book. Nowadays there are a lot of memoirs, all kinds of works by pre-revolutionary Moscow scholars, which we did not know before. You read - and suddenly you see the area completely different, not the way you imagined it, and you have an idea to make an excursion around this place and show Moscow from some, perhaps, unexpected side.

- How does it happen? How is the excursion prepared?

- First, the search for material begins: reading special literature, diaries, going to libraries and, of course, studying the area itself, which you are going to talk about. Sometimes, when you walk the streets, walk into alleys, into courtyards, you discover absolutely incredible treasures that people have not seen. For example, Nikitsky Boulevard is such a front street. But once, when I was preparing an excursion there, I saw a metal gate with a door, behind which it was written that there was a repair of shoes or some kind of hardware. In general, a completely unpresentable door. But when I entered this gateway, I realized that it was a whole city with labyrinths. Who would have thought that this could be? People are always very interested in this. As if you are immersed in the past, and you can imagine how you would feel if you lived in this house and your windows looked out onto this courtyard….

- You said that you have developed a guided tour of Art Nouveau, but this is not quite a Moscow style, what are you showing?

- It seems to me that the most difficult thing in your work is to make people listen, not all guides and not always succeed.

- How long does it take to prepare an excursion?

Then comes another very important point: you have to link all the objects ... It is clear, if the tour is thematic, for example, our "Moscow Ambassadorial", then everything is more or less clear. And if this is an excursion along the street and there are absolutely dissimilar buildings, completely different stories, but you have to connect them in some way to each other, you have to get a story.

I had a wonderful excursion, I led her along Volkhonka, and one of the excursionists, as an intelligent person, warned me in advance that she needed to pick up the child from the kindergarten, so she would leave in 50 minutes quietly in English. And I am leading the tour and I understand that 50 minutes have passed, an hour has passed, and the woman is still with us. And I say to her: "Excuse me, please, but it seems to you that the child should be taken from the kindergarten." She says: “You understand, I just can't leave. You finish telling and you are so engaging with the next that we will now see further that I cannot leave in any way. " That was the right excursion, since it happened so.

- Let's try to name the pluses and minuses of your profession.

I'm not a big fan of excursions, I like to read more about interesting places, look for them in an unfamiliar country, as well as consult with local residents. But in order to have time to get acquainted with a large number of unique places for a particular country or city, you will have to go on an excursion. If you yourself decide to become a tour guide or help someone you know, I think it will be a great experience.

Ways to write excursions

Before you start writing an excursion, you should know that this is a very laborious and painstaking process, if difficulties do not frighten, and you also have large luggage knowledge, then you will definitely succeed. To begin with, I will note knowledge in what areas must have:

cultural studies;
story;
psychology;
rhetoric;
making plans.

So, the range of areas and skills is quite wide, so writing excursions is a very difficult, but important work for tourists. Excursions help guests of countries and cities to get acquainted with the culture of local residents, learn the history of the appearance of certain places, as well as learn the signs and peculiarities of countries. At the same time, many excursions are boring enough and cannot interest tourists for a long time. Therefore, for professionals, it is important to be able to create an atmosphere of comfort and interest so that the excursion will be remembered for many years.

route development;
determination of the time for each place of the route;
accounting for bus traffic patterns, if necessary;
writing the text of the excursion;
accounting for all historical facts;
preservation of links to sources (for curious tourists);
matching the text of the excursion and the route.

When writing text, try use more logical connectives so that the facts are not "taken" out of context, and a logical sequence is preserved. Don't use complicated language, the text should be understandable to every tourist.

Do not write "dry" texts, make the excursion bright and memorable. Tourists will not remember many dates, surnames and other historical formulations, fill the test with "pungency" and "piquancy" to attract listeners.

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