Pitsunda Gorbachev's dacha Mr. Gorbachev's dacha in Foros
Why did the first president of the USSR choose this place for rest? There were many options to choose from for placing the residence. For obvious reasons, Livadia and even Mukhalatka did not come. But the picturesque bays between Cape Sarych and Foros immediately attracted the attention of the Gorbachevs. Raisa Maksimovna especially liked this place, called "Gorky Beach" by the residents of Foros. Tesseli's dacha was located nearby, where from 1933 to 1936 the great proletarian writer A.M. Bitter. The coves between Sarych and Tesseli, indeed, differed from the rest of the coast for their pristine nature, untouched nature, peace and quiet. There are no cities and factories for tens of kilometers around. Water and air are crystal clear. Raisa Maksimovna was conquered by the fabulous view of the Foros Church. The information provided to the presidential couple about the sights of Foros finally convinced Mikhail Gorbachev of the correct choice.
The rest is known. The life of this virgin, wonderful corner was disturbed by the noise of construction equipment. There were no big problems with the labor force: at that time in Foros, the construction of a new sanatorium complex for managing the affairs of the Central Committee of the CPSU was being completed, which was carried out by the forces of 2 military construction detachments located in the village. All free forces and the best specialists were transferred to the new facility. Transport connection and the delivery of labor was initially carried out through the territory of the sanatorium to bypass Tesseli's dacha. Subsequently, a new entrance was built from the side of the South Coast Highway near Cape Sarych.
The Zarya object - an achievement of modern architecture - was built in record time and was commissioned almost simultaneously with the new complex in Foros in 1988. The territory of the dacha occupies more than 50 hectares. The dormitory area on all three of its floors is several thousand square meters. The building houses six bedrooms, an office, two dining rooms, a living room with a fireplace, an exercise therapy room, two halls, a cinema room, and a winter garden. One could get to the beach from the building, like in a subway, by an escalator. Around the main building there are still a lot of buildings: a swimming pool, a catering facility, a boiler room, a greenhouse, a summer cinema and a large administrative building closer to Cape Sarych. Also on the territory of the dacha there is a guest house, a grotto, beach houses, waterfalls, fountains, a pier for boats and a helipad.
There is a beautiful park on the territory of the cottage. In place of wild bushes and juniper thickets, more than 100 species of trees and bushes have been planted, brought here mainly from the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Among them are cedars, plane trees, chestnuts, strawberries (or, as the people call it, "shameless woman") and numerous shrubs. The old juniper trees were treated very carefully, they were left behind, and they perfectly fit into the overall appearance of the park. Perhaps this fact will disappoint people who are greedy for sensations, but the fact remains: the juniper was not cut down, but if necessary, transplanted.
The cost of the entire Zarya facility was approximately 100 million rubles (of course, in the prices of the 1980s). The dormitory outwardly resembled a fabulous little house with a red tiled roof. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy called it "Gingerbread House". Do not be surprised, it is Tolstoy who is the triple namesake of his famous ancestor. This man is well known in Foros. For a long time he worked in a sanatorium (and now at the Tesseli dacha), but he earned his fame as a knowledgeable specialist through work, leading the protection of state facilities. His great-grandfather Sergei Nikolaevich Tolstoy was the elder brother of the great Russian writer.
Despite the fact that the best specialists were involved in the construction of the dacha, there were some troubles. During the first presidential visit to the dacha, a window cornice fell on the head of the Gorbachevs daughter. As they say, seven nannies have a child without an eye. Even such an important object was built with a marriage. This incident could not remain without consequences - a number of leaders lost their posts.
At one time, sensational reports of landslides flashed in the press, allegedly endangering the very existence of the dacha. As it turned out, "the rumors of death were too exaggerated." Everything remained in place. The project of the Muscovite Yuri Krivushchenko has stood the test of time with honor, and the construction battalion turned out to be at its best.
The following information will disappoint sensationists again. Although the decoration used marble, granite, malachite, and inside expensive furniture, modern technology and works of art; the decoration and comfort of the cottage correspond to the level of a five-star hotel.
Let evil tongues speak of the fabulous luxury of the apartments, but the dacha was created as the residence of the president of a great power - the USSR and had to correspond to this. And although the people usually scold Mikhail Gorbachev, the officials who provide the president's rest speak of him with respect. Nothing bad can be said about Raisa Maksimovna, who gave orders to change crystal chandeliers for ordinary ones, to remove expensive dishes, carpets and runners.
It was during her first visits to Foros that Raisa Maksimovna visited the plundered Foros Church and accelerated the resolution of the issue of its restoration.
Billiards was also unnecessary. The president had other hobbies: he loved to go to the mountains and swim. He used the grotto only once - he came to drink tea.
On the morning of August 19, having turned on their televisions and radios out of habit, the hardworking and confident residents of Foros realized that their peaceful existence had come to an end. The absence of a telephone connection for several hours confirmed the emerging feeling of fear and uncertainty. Seeing the police arriving in the center of the village, the frightened traders left their watermelons in their cars and drove away from sin.
There were no tanks or armed soldiers in the village. The party sanatorium lived its usual life: dancing, cinema, excursions. It seemed that nothing special was happening. And at the same time, a feeling of fear gripped those whose relatives were arrested along with the president. And there were quite a few of them: from plumbers and dishwashers to managers. Until the last minute of the coup, no one knew what would happen to them. Let's be realistic: events could have taken a completely different path if the people had supported Yanaev and those like him ... The fate of many people who ended up in the country was in jeopardy. There was no connection with them, the dacha was isolated from the outside world.
What happened at the dacha is still a secret behind seven locks. Many participants in those events are still working in the "authorities" and have no right to give any information. The only more or less reliable information is in the book of V. Stepankov and E. Lisov "The Kremlin conspiracy". Excerpts from it were published in the magazine "Ogonyok" No. 34 and 35 for 1992.
On August 21, thanks to the persistence and heroism of the Muscovites, everything was over, and the arrested returned home. Everyone then breathed a sigh of relief.
After August 1991 the dacha long time nobody attended. The first president of Ukraine, Leonid Kravchuk, did not rest here either. In the summer of 1994, Anatoly Chubais stayed here for rest. During the celebration of the Navy Day in Sevastopol, Yuri Luzhkov visited the dacha. In 1997, Prince of Wales Charles visited the dacha, who took part in the opening of the memorial to British soldiers and officers who died near Sevastopol and Balaklava during the Crimean War. By the way, few people know that Winston Churchill's grandfather, the Earl of Marlborough, was killed in the Battle of Balaklava. I was surprised to learn about this during the Yalta conference of 1945 I.V. Stalin, ordered to find his grave and erect a monument.
P.P. Firsov.
Photo beautiful places Crimea
On the way from Pitsunda to the Mussera reserve (the reserve itself, Stalin's dacha and Gorbachev's dacha) we stopped for lunch at one of the villages near Pitsunda. On the way, we passed over the dumbest bridge across the Bzyb river, on which I have ever traveled.
Filmed in October 2006.
23 photos, total weight 3.2 MB
There are two summer cottages in the cozy Myussera reserve. One of Stalin's dachas (there are 5 of them in total in Abkhazia) and Gorbachev's dacha. The territory of the reserve is protected, since Gorbachev's dacha is the residence of the president of Abkhazia, where he sometimes comes.
The rest of the time there are sometimes excursions on the territory, which we got on.
According to legend, Raisa Maksimovna personally supervised the construction, and the Yugoslavs built it. I must say that the house is very organically blended into the landscape and looks pretty. By the way, only 3 floors are visible from the sea, while in fact there are five of them.
State symbols are very common in Abkhazia. Each car must have a flag of Abkhazia. Many houses have these stickers.
The cottages are not allowed inside, but outside you can walk around and see.
Entrance to metro-2
Tunnel to the sea. Near another portal there was a staircase that led down to the sea. But it collapsed and the tunnel was closed.
Although the building is being watched, smudges and minor damage are visible in places.
Pension "Mussera". A friend is standing on the mountain.
Gorbachev's dacha.
Eh, beauty ...
Our Abkhazian guide. Unfortunately I don't remember her name. She works as a teacher, and excursions are a part-time job. I must say that it is very good. In her words, she is very lucky that she works with excursions. By local standards, she receives a normal salary. But this is seasonal.
Something abandoned near Stalin's dacha.
Nice little house. Much more modest is Gorbachev's dacha :) Inside, as we were told, it is empty. Externally, it was restored. Inside, the process is sluggish. But they want to restore the interior and open it to tourists.
Avenue.
Well, very narrow access road.
in the headingState cottage number 11, or object "Zarya", located at 2.5 km from the Crimean village. The main building of three floors with a penthouse, next to a service house. There is a tennis court, a leisure center with a cinema, billiard room, gym and sauna. At the entrance from the main gate of the checkpoint there is a 3-storey service and administrative building with a technical department, rooms for guests and staff. A little higher is the helipad.
When, in the mid-80s, the KGB leadership found out which place Mikhail Gorbachev had chosen for his residence, they flew into a rage. In spite of fabulous beauty bays between the southernmost cape of the South Coast of Sarych and cape Foros, salubrious air and other positive aspects, the Zarya object had one serious drawback - it was vulnerable from almost all directions. Both from the sea and from land. And if from the sea side the security system was established, then on land there were big problems: on both sides near the dacha there were forests, behind - a lively track -... All buildings and sites were viewed from many points.
Any woman wants to feel sexy, beautiful and confident, but she believes that this is impossible to achieve. They say that dancing makes women of any age attractive, because beauty lies not only in impeccable appearance, but also in the ability to present oneself. Thanks to the dance, you will acquire the perfect posture, grace and plasticity. It's time to sign up for a dance course! Which dance is right for you?
But they could not go against the desire of the secretary general, and the 9th department of the KGB (responsible for the security of senior officials) made incredible efforts to ensure reliable protection of the first person.
The guards turned out to be powerful and numerous. From the sea side, vacationers could see the dacha of the President of the USSR, but only with the naked eye. Any optical device was regarded as a sabotage. The KGB officers, who were without fail on excursion boats, mercilessly illuminated the film, even if they just noticed an open camera lens. Such heightened security measures in 1991 played a cruel joke with Mikhail Gorbachev: all Zorya personnel, from security guards to cleaning ladies, received a salary from the KGB and, naturally, obeyed the commands of representatives of the authorities. Therefore, in the "X" hour, they turned from guards to watchmen.
On his vacation, Gorbachev was accompanied by nine employees of the General Staff: three liaison officers of the special operational and technical directorate and six employees of the 9th direction of the General Staff, a unit that provided the President of the USSR with the ability to control strategic nuclear forces in an emergency.
The nuclear watch on the Zarya was located in the so-called guest house about a hundred meters from the presidential apartments. The operators were in one room, the signalman was in the other. Access to the premises was limited, the doors were always kept closed, the attendants took turns to dine.
Crimea is not only a resort, but also a military, and traditionally "royal" region. There are many sights here that tourists cannot see. Among them is Gorbachev's dacha in Foros, the same one where the first and last president of the USSR was "under arrest" during the Emergency Committee.
Where is the attraction in Foros?
In fact, the "object" Zarya "(the so-called dacha of the secretary general in official documents) is not located at all. The village is a little over 2 km from there. The residence is found on a slope and "cut" into the rock. It is almost impossible to see it completely from the side.
Dacha on the map of Crimea
From the history of appearance in Crimea
The initiative to build this house came from Raisa Maksimovna Gorbacheva, the wife of the secretary general. According to her contemporaries (it seems that they were not far from the truth), she kept her husband "under the thumb" and was a more real head of state than he was. The lady liked the tradition of arranging residences in the resorts for the country's leadership, but she did not like Brezhnev's favorite dacha, the new "general secretary" desired another estate.
The area near Foros Bay is striking in its beauty, but the state security service was horrified when they found out where the next government was planned. Foros is open both from land and from the sea, next to the highway "Sevastopol - Yalta". Protecting the top officials of the state in such conditions is not a task for the faint of heart. The builders knew that the area was unfavorable for the seismological factor and landslides.
But the deed was done anyway. The project was made by A.N. Chekmarev, chief architect of the Military Project, and was responsible for the construction of A.V. Berezin, the most famous of the structures he built is the Baikonur cosmodrome. The main work was carried out by the soldiers of the construction battalions, the finishing - by specialists from Moscow.
The prices for Italian silk wallpaper and mosaic parquet floors did not stop anyone - all the republics of the USSR paid for the construction. The workers were in a hurry - it was necessary to hand over the object by the summer season of 1988. Besides, R.M. Gorbacheva constantly came here and forced to redo what had already been done, regardless of the costs. She didn’t even like the pebbles on the beach - the “first lady” of the USSR considered it “unrollable”. As a result, another, more rounded beach was brought by barges and poured onto the beach.
However, the 1988 season was spent by the Gorbachev family in the new residence. And she lived here regularly until the summer of 1991. And then the Soviet Union was gone, and the dacha, along with the Crimea, went to Ukraine.
Of the Soviet leaders, only Lenin and Stalin (his mansion on the peninsula is described) were distinguished by their modesty in everyday life, caring about the convenience and practicality of living conditions, but not about luxury. Other leaders did not deny themselves anything, but Gorbachev's dacha in Crimea surpassed everything available. The secretaries-general have never had such a luxurious residence.
Its main building is three-storey with a plinth. There is also a recreation pavilion on the territory - with an indoor swimming pool and a gym, an administrative building and office buildings. Trees and shrubs were planted here artificially - there was little natural vegetation in those places. Gorbachev - unlike the sociable Brezhnev - usually only visited his dacha with his family, and high officials came here exclusively on business.
The first photos were taken by journalists who got there shortly after the attempted coup d'état in 1991. They showed the world precious inlays, marble finishing depicting a forest, patterned woven silk wallpaper, German tiles. 
There were also technical curiosities - illuminated escalators, sliding stained glass panels. The communications center here was separate, like the "nuclear room."
No map showed "Dawn" and it is unlikely that it will be possible to find its image now. The red roof is shown to curious taxi drivers of Foros and drivers passing along the highway on. Many tourists, while resting in Crimea, walk along the coast and, having stumbled upon a multi-meter fence, try to look behind it. But they see little.
Stalin had at his disposal about 20 dachas located in different parts of the Union. One of the most famous residences of Joseph Stalin is the Volynskaya dacha. It was located not far from the city of Kuntsevo, near the village of Volynsky. "Blizhnyaya" dacha began to be named in comparison with Stalin's last dacha, located in Uspenskoe (14 km along the Rublevskoe highway). The nearby dacha is known, first of all, as the place of permanent residence of Stalin after the death of his wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, in 1932, as well as the place of his death on March 5, 1953.
Since 1960, the territory on which Stalin's dacha was located has been part of Moscow. The building is located in the Fili-Davydkovo area, not far from the Victory Park on Poklonnaya Gora. The site is bounded by the streets of Starovolynskaya, Davydkovskaya and Staromozhaiskoye highway. The dacha is surrounded on all sides by a forest and a fence; the building cannot be seen from the street.
The building was built in 1933-1934. designed by architect M. I. Merzhanov. Later it was rebuilt and altered many times. For example, in 1943 (according to other sources in 1948), a second floor was added to the originally one-story building. There are 7 rooms on the ground floor, including Personal Area Stalin. Almost all the time he spent in the office, which had several sofas for relaxation. An elevator was installed to get to the second floor. But Stalin hardly ever visited the second floor, despite the fact that it was completed on his orders.
Stalin's Volyn dacha is still a regime object, it is guarded by the FSO. There are no excursions to the dacha.
At Diletant. Media has previously published a tour of various.
2 State house number 1 in Crimea
Stalin and his entourage during their stay in the Crimea mainly used the famous palaces: Vorontsovsky, Yusupovsky, Massandrovsky, Livadiysky. And with the coming to power of Khrushchev in the Crimea, dacha construction began to flourish for the leadership of the country and the party.
State house number 1 was built in just a year. It was located in scenic location- on the slope of Mount Mogabi in the Lower Oreanda park. Nikita Khrushchev first arrived there in 1956. The dacha was a yellow sandstone house without luxurious cladding. The building housed 14 rooms, a front dining room, where about 40 people could sit at the table, a fireplace room, and a banquet hall for 15-20 people. The interior has been finished in mahogany, windows and doors are made of oak.
It was only about 50 meters from the dacha to the sea. An indoor heated pool appeared only in 1961, and before that Khrushchev and his family swam in the sea. The pebble beach was then 40 meters wide and 400 meters long.On one side it was fenced off with wooden shields, and the other edge of the beach rested against a rock. For Nikita Sergeevich, a canvas awning was erected on the beach, there was a lounger and several wicker chairs with a round table. They even extended a special communication line from the house there so that Khrushchev could talk on the phone at any moment.
Many foreign rulers visited Nikita Khrushchev's Crimean dacha. Probably the most extraordinary was the visit of the Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito. Khrushchev flew with him to the Crimea after hunting in Yugoslavia. Khrushchev and Tito brought with them about a hundred pheasants.
After Nikita Khrushchev was removed from power in 1964, State House No. 1 was used first by Leonid Brezhnev, and then by Yuri Andropov.
3 Brezhnev's dacha "District-6"
When Leonid Brezhnev was elected Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1960, he was given a state dacha for use at the so-called "Zarechye-6" facility. The dacha was made of wood, there was a modest setting and a very small but cozy office for work. Leonid Ilyich liked Zarechye-6 very much.
Leonid Ilyich with Victoria Petrovna and great-granddaughter Galya. Dacha "District". 1970 year
Later Brezhnev was offered to build new dacha in the village of Razdory along the Rublevo-Uspenskoe highway near the bend of the Moscow river, a picturesque, clean place, 6 km from Moscow. This land once belonged to the princes Golitsyn, then to the Yusupovs, and at the beginning of the 20th century it was the estate of one of the last finance ministers of the government of Emperor Nicholas II. After the revolution, the estate fell into disrepair. When Brezhnev was brought to this estate, he inquired about the cost of its improvement. And he didn't like the figure very much. After that the dacha "Zarechye-6" was reconstructed.
Brezhnev with his wife and grandson Andrey. Dacha "District". May 1971
On November 9, 1982, Leonid Ilyich had dinner with his family at the dacha. After supper I went to bed. And on the morning of November 10, he died of cardiac arrest, in a dream.
For some time the dacha belonged to the family of Leonid Brezhnev. When Gavriil Popov became the mayor of Moscow in 1991, the dacha was transferred to him for use. He privatized and sold it. Later the house was destroyed.
4 State house number 11 "Zarya"
In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev and his wife were vacationing at the Crimean state dacha No. 1, where Khrushchev and Brezhnev loved to relax. However, the Gorbachev couple did not like it there. It was decided to build a new dacha. The project was drawn up by A. N. Chekmarev, chief architect of the Military Project, and A. V. Berezin, who distinguished himself in the construction of the Baikonur cosmodrome, was responsible for the construction.
The shore on which the Zarya dacha was supposed to grow was not ready not only for the construction of the building, but even for laying the foundation. Therefore, blasting operations were urgently organized, the remains of the rock were removed from the construction site by trucks, new earth was imported from all over the Crimea, and black soil was transported even from beyond its borders. They did not skimp on the construction of the state house. The Gorbachevs made adjustments during construction. Consumables came from abroad, including expensive stone such as marble. Most often, the supervision of compliance with all requirements was performed by Raisa Maksimovna.
Dacha "Zarya", located between the southernmost cape of the South Coast of Sarych and Cape Foros, was completed in 1988. It ended the history of the state dachas of the Soviet leaders. It was there that Mikhail Gorbchev learned about the Emergency Committee in 1991. The dacha stood out for its modernity: an escalator to the sea, a red tile roof, sports grounds by the beach. "Zarya" is located 2.5 km from the Crimean village of Foros.
The main object of the dacha "Zarya" was a three-story mansion with a penthouse. From the mountains, it can be seen on the red roof, from the sea - along three arches stretched to the entire height of the main facade. The shingles were made of aluminum - a requirement of the seismically dangerous Crimea. The palace was surrounded by a large park, which housed a guest house, a swimming pool, a sauna, a cinema, a tennis court, and a gym. The arboretum of the park consisted of more than a hundred species of trees and shrubs, brought mainly from the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. The new plants have taken root well on the territory of the country house, with an area of more than fifty hectares.
Due to the political fate of Gorbachev, his residence was known as "a place with bad karma." Of the Ukrainian presidents, only Leonid Kuchma used the dacha.