Help !!! geography of the Irkutsk region. write the highest heights: Kodar ridge - Eastern Sayan - Khamar-Daban - Primorsky ridge - Baikalsky
In the article I will lay out a list of equipment for a summer trip to the Kodar ridge, with detailed explanations of why and why. At the end of the article, I will post a link where a short list can be downloaded in RTF format, since it will come in handy for any summer hikes in the mountains, with minor changes
I will make a reservation right away that in the list I do not include special mountain equipment for overcoming difficult passes and peaks. Such equipment is selected based on the complexity of the planned obstacles. In the summertime, the passes and peaks up to 1B inclusive, with the proper accuracy of the rope protection, and therefore the use of "iron" do not require. As for the crossings, then the question is quite controversial. Of my 6 summer hikes in Kodar, the fixing of the railings at the crossings was carried out twice. Once it was a handrail while crossing a log, the second time a full-fledged crossing over the Middle Sakukan in a flood. Basically, the whole problem is that if the conditions really require the guidance of the crossing, then for the one who goes first, this venture is somewhat suicidal in most cases. It becomes easier to lose the day by climbing higher, or wait (usually until morning) for the water level to drop significantly. Another question is that there is not much choice in rescue operations, but the likelihood of such with good planning and execution is low. Hence the controversial question for groups going easy routes - whether to take "extra" weight with them. In subsequent articles, I will definitely touch on this issue, but in this material I will only indicate the position on personal equipment of a non-special nature.
- Backpack.
With him, everything is more or less clear. It should be appropriate to the planning of the trip and be comfortable. The same requirements apply to the displacement, which will depend on your approach to food, the quantity and quality of equipment and, in general, what lies from the backpacks in your pantry. Personally, if I don't test outdoor products, I usually prefer an ordinary 125 liter backpack with a valve left at home. Basically, in 2015, on a three-week summer hike through Kodar, four of the six participants walked with backpacks less than 75 liters. That is, it all depends on planning and willingness to sacrifice a certain sybarity. Well, and how much you are willing to eat so as not to carry excess weight.
- Rain cover for backpack.
Unfortunately, in summer it rains a lot on Kodar. And there are even a lot. No, there are droughts too, but rarely. Basically, I can promise you that you will walk a lot in the rain. Accordingly, it is better to have a cape for a backpack waterproof rather than waterproof. Another question is that many modern backpacks already have a waterproof fabric, which means that you can save on the weight of the cape.
- Sleeping bag.
There is absolutely no difference whether it is downy or synthetic, the main thing is that the lower limit of comfort is not higher than +4 ... + 3 degrees. When spending the night above the forest zone, temperatures of 0 ...- 3 degrees are not uncommon, but the real cold usually tears through the passes and on the glaciers. I would not recommend spending the night on wide plateau-like passes and under the very glaciers, it is better to leave them a little lower and set up a camp behind moraine ramparts. Otherwise, you can "grab" and up to minus 10 degrees with "half a meter of variable clouds on the tent", although this is rare. On the plateaus characteristic of the eastern part of Kodar, rains at a temperature of +2 ... + 3 degrees can easily freeze a group, and this temperature is quite normal for heights above 2200. For example, the Khadatkand pass is located at an altitude of 2260 meters above sea level and very idyllic ... in fine weather. For groups passing through it (once in a couple of years someone is there, yes, it is) it is considered quite normal to spend the night on the pass, since the fabulous views and the presence of water quite allow it. When planning these options, consider the need for a wind-resistant tent with a skirt to maintain a normal temperature drop between the inside and outside of the tent.
As a rule, in a normal tent, the temperature difference allows a slight minus outside to fit into the comfort range of the sleeping bag +4 ... + 3 degrees, so I consider it the lower limit.
- Mat.
The standard 8 mm foam is enough everywhere in August. I will say more - if you do not stand on the rocks as a base camp, a thinner one, 5-6 mm, will be enough. I generally use 3 mm, but everyone tells me that this is not good. Apparently, like a leopard, I'm just not supposed to freeze 🙂
- Hermetic bag or bag for sleeping bag and dry clothes.
As I mentioned above, there is a lot of rain on Kodar, so I promise that the insides of the backpack will still be wet with any cape. In addition, there is always an option to catch a whiff at the crossing. And there are many crossings on Kodar ...
- Running boots.
Trekking is obligatory. Ankle boots and mesh sneakers can only be worn. Kodar is characterized by two phenomena - very sharp stones and an abundance of water. Shoes should be durable and with inserts made of fabrics like. A competent design of the bot will allow it to dry easily and restrict the owner to a minimum. Why I do not like ankle boots and rubber boots with bogies in hiking, I wrote in.
- Leggings.
The purpose of the gaiters in our case is as follows:
- Protection of the upper part of the boot from damage when walking on scree. This is a weak protection for the boots, but it is there nonetheless. It is usually relevant for shoes with a "mesh" upper - various options for lightweight trekking.
- Protection of paws from snow and dirt, as well as from small stones and twigs falling into them through the top of the boot. They also serve as a short-term protection against pouring water into the boats through the top.
- Protects the bottom of the trousers from abrasion.
- Additional protection against hypothermia when passing through fords and deep snow.
- Bivy shoes.
They are necessary for work at the camp, while the main shoes are drying, and its owner is enjoying dry socks - and on a hike, a little is needed for happiness. Slates will work as well, but I think EVA galoshes are the best option.
- Trekking socks, 3-4 pairs.
I wrote in detail about why trekking socks are good.
- Thermal underwear of the first layer, moisture-wicking, set.
Deeper into the mountains, most likely you will not take off thermal underwear very often. There it is the second skin. The lower part of the thermukha is especially important, the task of which is primarily to save the owner from hypothermia in the numerous fords, the waters of which flow out a couple of kilometers from the glacier.
You can read more about thermal underwear, its functions and the difference in layers in.
- Running trousers.
Everything is simple with them. They are obliged to breathe and snow should not adhere to them. You also need at least some adequate margin of safety. I promise that after the hike, the pants will be completely covered in resin and it is not a fact that you will wash it off 🙂
- Flisk.
Once upon a time, even in ancient-ancient times, some other strange piece of clothing was used - a sweater. It has sunk into oblivion and now barely looms as a haze of burnt porridge in our memory, overloaded with information about new materials. There are those who stubbornly remain a conservative, pretending to be experienced and claiming that wool is much better than Polartec products. However, be aware that if an old school student does not knit a sweater himself, then he is not a real true tourist, but only pretends to be so 🙂
I use a Polartec Micro fleece, in my size it only weighs 160 grams.
- Route jacket.
Let me remind you again that on the Kodar ridge, in most cases, except for bears, unforgettable rains await you. I sympathize in advance and sincerely advise you to purchase a membrane jacket for a hike, at least from inexpensive ones. Yes, and she, too, will be covered in resin, which you cannot then wash off.
- Down jacket.
In principle, a down vest will do as well. The down jacket can be taken the lightest, if only it was. This is the first clothing for camp at near-zero temperatures. In addition, lunches, rests and snacks near glaciers and passes, when the wind blows there, without a down jacket are fraught with the most unpleasant colds.
- Warm hat.
It is an extremely necessary addition to a down jacket.
- Lightweight headdress.
I recommend a cap or panama hat with wide brim. In general, solar activity in summer on Kodar is low, no protection glasses or sunblock are required, but a panama hat or a cap are good when using a mosquito net.
- Mosquito net.
The primary means of survival in these harsh lands. I advise you to take one or two spare for the group. Frame mosquito nets will be inconvenient in dwarf thickets, it is better to take simple ones. No other remedies for the gnat will help. V warm years The gnat will accompany you everywhere up to the very passes and you can take a break from it only if you are on the three-thousanders of Kodar.
Once my partner and I went without mosquito nets for 18 days. Later the Buryats looked for us as their own.
- Working gloves, 2 pairs.
I do not advise you to take expensive sports ones - you will still tear and cut them with razor-sharp stones. I even prefer to wear perforated leather without fingers over the workers.
- Helmet.
It is needed everywhere on moraines, and even more so when passing the passes from 1A. On Kodar, he constantly flies from above, well, banging his head against a stone will also be unpleasant. Not you yourself feel uncomfortable, but your comrades, who will pull out the body later. A construction helmet is also suitable.
- Headlight.
No spare batteries are required, just one fresh set is sufficient. I wrote in detail about choosing a flashlight for a hike.
- The first-aid kit is personal.
Everything is written about her in detail.
- Knife.
A machete is not needed, otherwise everyone has their own felt-tip pen for taste and color. I have not yet written about the choice of knives for a hike, but I will try to correct this omission in the future.
- Wristwatch.
I advise electronic and uniquely waterproof.
- Notepad and pencil.
Even if you don't like keeping a diary, you can write down personal grievances against your comrades there. In general, one of the problems have a good trip in such an unfavorable climatic zone lies in the fact that the majority has absolutely no idea what to do with themselves at the camp and when changing due to the weather. Nowadays, e-books and storage devices for recharging have become popular. For example, reading aloud the classic for a tourist work "The Evil Spirit of Yambuy" significantly increases the tone of the team.
Well, only a few little items of equipment remained:
- Mug, spoon, bowl.
- Documents, set, in herme.
- Toilet paper in a bag or sealed cover.
- Means for lighting a fire.
- A repair kit - threads, a needle, patches for clothes.
- Emergency rescue blanket.
- Plastic bottle 0.5 liters as a flask and container for picking berries.
- Whistle for self-defense attempts against bears.
In general, this is a necessary minimum, which, as I said, can be successfully applied for many summer hikes with similar conditions.
You can download the short list in RTF format from me from
The Kodar mountain range is the peak of the Trans-Baikal mountain system "Stanovoe Upland". It is a favorite place for climbers and travelers who are just starting to conquer the mountains. Insanely beautiful and beautiful place. (18 photo)
Every year hundreds of people come here to take a break from the bustle of the city and admire the effective wonders of nature.
Although Kodar cannot be called an untouched place. During the Soviet years, copper ore and coal were mined here.
Convicts worked in the mines and faces. The conditions in which they existed and the workers were hard labor.
Photos of the barracks - Kodar.
Much has remained here from those times. Housing, communications, tool remains.
Now in the local area it is quiet and deserted, only sometimes you can meet reindeer herders. Kodar is considered to be the peaks of BAM, it is an elevation of 3072 meters above sea level.
Translated from Even, and the Evenki are one of the local nationalities, Kodar is a sheer cliff, a wall.
The name fully suits the local mountains, their slopes are steep and sheer, almost vertically rushing into the sky.
Some part of the Kodar Range is covered with glaciers. In the gorges, there are crystal clear, fast-flowing rivers flowing into. In some places there are lakes.
Kalarsky district of the Chita region ti. These words will tell a little turisthere. But it's worth saying the magicthe name "Kodar", as you will hear inthe answer is an admiring "Oh! .." And fromthose who have never been there. Kodarhas always been a popular tourist destination area.
Even in the 60s, when dobit was very difficult to move here:I had to fly first to Chita, byvolume to Chara, lost in the taiga underknives of mountains. Routes accounted fordo mostly circular, becauseku could only leave Chara- hundreds of kilometers around the nicknameany other housing.With the arrival of BAM here, everything became much easier.
Took a train in Moscow(Samara, Yekaterinburg, Omsk ...) andleft at the station Novaya Chara. And from?here the mountains are already a stone's throw. Candrive up by car - willinga lift is always enough.Tourists need to registerin the department for civil defense and emergency situations of Kalarskydistrict (beginning A. Davydenko). Addresson working days: from. Chara, st. Pioneerskaya, 8 (Administration of Kalarskydistrict, department of civil defense and emergency situations), tel. 2-16-55,2-15-37; p. New Chara, st. Centralnaya, 4 (Kalarsky local historymuseum), tel. 3-89 (RUS). Out of worktime: s. Chara, st. Udokanskaya, 14,Tel. 2-11-99. (RUS is a district knotcommunication, there are also communication centers of the Ministry of Railways.)
By car, you can reachhorn along the Middle Sakukan River toentrance to the gorge (26 km from the village of Chara). Beforethe horn goes on, but it will pass along itmaybe a motorcycle. Primer pullsXia before the destroyed bridge in Marblenew gorge (there was a Stalinistcamp), and then goes to the trail.Another option for approaching the beginninglu route - by local trainNew Chara - Severobaikalsk oron the commuter trains("Scourge",as they are called here) New Chara -Kuanda and New Chara - Hani.
These trains run three times a day (in the morning, atlunch and evening) and stay atevery crossing. Anyone can go to chase the hike.
(So ​​much cheaper thanby car or off-road vehicle, pick upXia to the starting point; but it all depends onroute.) On weekendsthere is no day train.Two long-distance trains pass here.of the following route: N№ 75/76 "Moscow -Tynda "(runs every other day) and N№ 97/98"Kislovodsk - Tynda" (runs twoonce a week). From Moscowboth trains arrive at Novaya Charain the morning. (By the way, the time difference fromMoscow is here for 6 hours.)
On Kodar, you can do most of the timeshikes: from hiking or skiingpricks "to" five ". Water "unitku "is hard to find here, but" triplets "-"Five" - ​​please! True drillmountain rivers on Kodar are short,so you have to do a bunch of rivers withwalking part. Perhaps that is why Kothe gift is not so popular among water workers.But along the rivers Chara (ridge Kodar), Kuanyes, Kalar, Vitim (Kalar ridge) completelyit is not possible to make a "triple" hike.
Highest point district - BAM peak(3072.6 m). Perevalov ZB k.s. on Kodano, but there are "complex 3A" s. Yingteresny and difficult peaks for alpinist ascent is also a gripno. Let's say the Irkutsk residents did heretheir alpiniads. Alpinists of Krasnoyarsk one hundredwhether the champions of Russia in the class of wintersthem ascents - climbedroute 6A class to the top in the circusRoyal Throne. Team alpinistas from Angarsk passed the southernwall (600 m, 6B class) of Mount Obrez(2880 m) and also showed up for the championshipnat Russia in winter class.On Kodar there are still many “whitespots "for travel lovers.
Let's say such peaks, “on whichno one has been "and who do not havetitles. For example, there is a passSnezhny (BEYOND class, 2300 m), oh passer-bydenia which through and through there are nodata. Many bands do at itradial exits from the riverMiddle Sakukan Plain Poloon the next slope. And who went down to the sidewell, the Vodopadny stream, the Levoy tributarySygykty (or ascended from there) Frombe called, if there are any!
On the right bank of the Middle Sakukana there is a hut on the border of the forest- the former hydrometeorological station (HMS),and now spontaneously organizedtourist shelter. It is located in very udaplace. From here you can get outto various passes, to do a surveyroutes. Here in the high seasonyou can always find at least onegroup, and sometimes several. Touriststhey themselves maintain order in the shelter,there is always prepared firewood.
Finish the route well on Charsands, which are 5 kmwest of the village. Chara and 8 km to the northeast of Novaya Chara, between thekami Upper and Middle Sakukan.Chara sands (their area is rather largekaya - 45 sq. km) - extraordinaryplace. Everything here is like in a real pusyou do not. But there is also something that you will not seenowhere except Transbaikalia: next to the teplight yellow sand adjoins barebaya cold ice; among sandyridges you suddenly meet an oasis, butonly not with palms, but with northern larch trees.
Around the sands - gory, even in summer covered with snow; barkhans break off into swamps, then into a lakera. There is a lake in the southwest of the sandsTaiga, and in the northeast - Alenushka. Here you can rest, wash awayoff my marching fatigue, justlie on the shore. You can goon an excursion to the desert or for a drinkmineral water from the springnear the lake Alyonushka.There are in the Kalarsky district and lessfamous ridges Udokan and Kalar (settlementthe ice was previously also referred to as Udokanu). These are old flattened mountains withthe highest point of Udokan is 2603 m (byold maps 2561 m).
Small height and relative simplicityroutes are compensated by an unusuallyvenous wild nature... Walks heremuch fewer tourists than Kogift. Accordingly, less rubbish.(By the way, Kalarsky local lore muzey together with the district committeeon ecology and nature managementin July 2002 plansconduct an environmental experimentdistance to Kodar along the river Sredniy Sakukan and on the HMS. Invitewe shake everyone!)There are many mines on the Kalarsky ridgeral sources, there are even so
called Kalarsky geyser.
He located on the left unnamedtributary of the river Eimnach opposite the mouthR. Chulbachi, 2 km from the mouth of the tributary.(Eimnakh is a left tributary of the Kuanda River.)A hot spring there is near the river Purelag flowing into Kuanda. Waterfallsthere is enough here and on Kodar.There are also hot springs there.In East Kodar - Verkhne Charsky (or Hot key as calledits local residents). Situatedhe is on the shore of Lake Arbakalir, whichthe swarm is located 600 m from the river. Chara on herleft bank, 25 km from Evenkigo village Chapo? Ologo down the riverChare. In Western Kodar - on the riverChelolek, the right tributary of the Vitim.
Transbaikalia, on the border of Chita and Irkutsk region From Evenk, Kadar "rock, cliff; rocky mountain".
Geographic names the world: Toponymic dictionary... - M: AST... Pospelov E.M. 2001.
Kodar
ridge to S. Transbaikalia in system Stan highlands continues on NE. North-Muisky Ridge., separated from it by a deep gorge r. Vitim (Chita and Irkutsk regions). Extension from SW. on SV. OK. 200 km, height up to 3072 m. Ancient granites, gneisses and crystalline schists. More than 30 glaciers with a total area. OK. 19 km². Larch forests up to 1500–1700 m, higher sparse birch forests, turning into mountain tundra, rocks and stone breaks. M-niya kam. coal and copper ores. Along the south. the foot of the trail passes the BAM, from which tourist routes are laid.
Dictionary of modern place names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .
See what "Kodar" is in other dictionaries:
Kodar ... Wikipedia
A ridge in the central part of Transbaikalia, in the Stanovoy Upland system, a continuation of the Severo Muisky Ridge. in the Chita and Irkutsk regions. Length approx. 200 km. Altitude up to 2999 m. Glaciers (approx. 18.8 km & sup2). Larch forests are replaced at an altitude of 1500-1700 m ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
KODAR, a ridge in the central part of Transbaikalia, in the Stanovoy Upland system, a continuation of the North Muisky ridge in the Chita and Irkutsk regions. Length approx. 200 km. Height up to 3072 m. Glaciers (approx. 18.8 km2). Larch forests change at a height ... ... Russian history
A ridge in the central part of Transbaikalia, in the Stanovoy Upland system, a continuation of the Severo Muisky ridge in the Chita and Irkutsk regions. The length is about 200 km. Height up to 3072 m. Glaciers (about 18.8 km2). Larch forests are replaced at an altitude of 1500 ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Kodar- (Cheat. Obl.) Хр. In Northern Transbaikalia, on the border of the Chita and Irkutsk regions. according to Evenk. kadar rock, cliff, stone. Here. On the mountain. Kodar, the highest rocky mountains are located, the peaks of the entire Transbaikalia ... Geographical names of Eastern Siberia
Mountain range of the Stanovoy Upland in the Chita and partly Irkutsk regions of the RSFSR. It is a continuation of the Severo Muisky ridge, stretching for almost 200 km to the river. Tocco. Height up to 3000 m. Compiled by granite gneisses and crystalline ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Buryatia
3) which entity was formed on the basis of the merger of the Chita region and the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug? 1) Irkutsk Region 2) Krasnoyarsk Territory 3) Buryatia 4) Transbaikal region
Novosibirsk region
2) The highest population density is typical for:
Kemerovo region
Krasnoyarsk Territory
Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Taimyr autonomous region
3) The indigenous peoples of the Far East include:
4) Which of the following cities is the largest in terms of the number of inhabitants
Novosibirsk
5) Which of the following cities is a major port center?
Vladivostok
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
6) Which of the economic regions is the leader in terms of population
Western Siberia
7) The nature of Western Siberia is characterized by:
predominance of a temperate monsoon climate
swampy
the presence of a large number of karst landforms
prevalence of significant altitudes above sea level
8) The branch of industrial specialization of Eastern Siberia is:
ferrous metallurgy
non-ferrous metallurgy
fuel industry
chemical industry
9) The fuel industry is a branch of specialization:
Eastern Siberia
Of the Far East
Western Siberia
10) Which of the industries occupies a large share in the sectoral structure of the industry of the Far East?
fuel
ferrous metallurgy
11) Select the type of industrial products that the Far East specializes in
tin concentrate
cars
chemical fibers
aluminum
12) Select the type of industrial products that Western Siberia specializes in
cars
coking coal
combine harvesters
13) Select the type of industrial products that Eastern Siberia specializes in
cellulose
tractors
textile products
aluminum
14) Establish a correspondence between the subjects of the Russian Federation and its capital.
1) Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug a) Kyzyl
2) Republic of Tyva b) Barnaul
3) Altai Territory c) Salekhard
d) Gorno-Altaysk
15) Establish a correspondence between the subject of the Russian Federation and its capital.
1) Taimyr Autonomous Okrug a) Ulan-De
2) Republic of Khakassia b) Dudinka
3) Republic of Buryatia c) Abakan
d) Barnaul
16) Establish a correspondence between the subject of the Russian Federation and its capital.
1) Amur Region a) Anadyr
2) Primorsky Territory b) Vladivostok
3) Chukotka AO c) Blagoveshchensk
d) Khabarovsk
Help me please!!!Write a description of the Atlas Mountains (Africa) according to the plan:
1. Determine what cards are needed for the description;
2. In what part of the mainland is the landform located;
3. In which direction it stretches;
4. What are the approximate dimensions;
5. What are the greatest heights, prevailing heights;
6. If possible, find out what is the origin of the landform.
Thanks in advance: 3