Leninabad tajikistan as it is called now. Khujand city - the cultural center of Tajikistan

For the football club see Khujand (football club).

Town
Taj. Huҷand
40 ° 17 ′ N sh. 69 ° 37 ′ E etc.
The country
Region
Mayor	Maruf Muhammadzoda
History and geography
Founded	VII-VI centuries BC e.
First mention	2nd half of the 7th century BC
Former names	Alexandria Eskhata, before 1936 - Khujand before 1991 - Leninabad
Square	285 km²
Height NUM	300 m
Timezone	UTC + 5
Population
Population	▲ 181,600 people (2019)
Density	4540 people / km²
Agglomeration	▲ 931,900 (Khujand agglomeration)
Nationalities	Tajiks, Uzbeks and others
Denominations	Muslims, Christians
Katoikonym	khujandi
Official language	[[Tajik language, Russian language]]
Digital identifiers
Telephone code	+992 3422
Postcode	735700
Other
Awards
khujand.tj

Arch near the park named after K. Khujandi

Fountains of Khujand

Khujand(Tajik Huҷand, from Sogd. kwc "nth ( xučant (a)> xuǰand ‘nice side’), pers. خجند ‎, Khojand, Old Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια Ἐσχάτη , Alexandria Eskhata) is a city in the north, an administrative center.

One of oldest cities... The second largest city in Tajikistan, an important transport node, political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country.

There is an airport and a railway station (12 km from the center of Khujand, in the city of Gafurov).

Name

The modern Russian name of the city is , sometimes transliterated as Khujand or Khujand.

From the time of the Russian Empire until 1936, the name of the city is Taj. Huҷand, (Persian خجند), in Russian it was customary to convey as Khujand.

On January 10, 1936, the city was officially called Leninabad(in honor of V.I.Lenin), while in the historical literature for the period up to 1936 the spelling of Khujand was preserved. Also, this spelling in official practice continued to be used in the name of the Khojent region of the Tajik SSR.

By the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR No. 246 of February 26, 1991, the city was returned to its historical name .

Population

Khujand is the second most populous city in Tajikistan after. As of January 1, 2019, it was home to 181,600 people.

According to the 1897 census, 28,431 residents of the city indicated Tajik as their native language, 900 - Uzbek (of which 305 are Sart dialects), 458 - Russian.

The population of the Khujand agglomeration is 916,200 people.

Geography

Syrdarya in Khujand

Khujand is located on the banks of the Syrdarya, below the Kairakkum reservoir, 35 km above the Uzbek one, in the Fergana Valley, between the spurs of the Turkestan ridge in the south and the Mogoltau mountains in the north.

The city is located 200 km north-east of (along the road - 300 km).

Climate

A quote from "St. Petersburg Gazette", 1868 (No. 215, 219):

«… Khujand is located on the banks of the excellent high-water Syr Darya and is surrounded on all sides by mountains, along the slopes of which luxurious gardens are green, and all this together - water, mountains and vegetation in summer, with the local heat and droughts, gives the air favorable freshness and purity, while in winter it is moderation. ... Khujand is surrounded by magnificent gardens, which are more here than in other areas of the region. All these orchards are fruit, fruits grow here in amazing abundance and are supplied to the surrounding cities ...»

In Khujand, a steppe climate prevails. There is little rainfall throughout the year. According to the Köppen climate classification, it is a dry semiarid climate of temperate latitudes with cool winters (BSk index). The average air temperature for the year in Khujand is 16 ° C.

The formation of the climate, including Khujand, is greatly influenced by the same air masses that invade the territory of Central Asia and determine the nature and change of the weather. surface.

The main role in precipitation is played by the South Caspian, Murghab and Upper Amu Darya cyclones, as well as masses of cold air moving from the west, northwest and north. Reaching the frontal surface of the mountains, the incoming air masses rise along this surface, cool down and get an additional effect for the formation of clouds and precipitation. All these air masses invade the Fergana Valley from the west and southwest, but on their way they collide with the western and southwestern slopes of the mountain ranges of Northern Tajikistan and they receive more precipitation than the leeward slopes, intermountain valleys and basins. So, on the windward slopes of the Zeravshan, Turkestan and Kuramin ranges, the amount of precipitation per year is more than 400-800 mm. This is confirmed by the fact that a deep snow cover forms in these mountainous regions in winter, which is associated with avalanches in spring. As we move deeper mountainous country these air masses reach inland areas that are highly depleted in moisture, as a result of which intermontane valleys and deep basins receive very little precipitation. In Khujand, the annual amount of precipitation falls: during the cold period of the year 87 mm, and the largest amount - in March and April (25-27 mm); the smallest in the summer months (9-11 mm, Aug.).

As a rule, precipitation in the form of snow falls only at subzero temperatures. In the Khujand region, stable snow cover is absent in 20% of winter, and in 3-10% of winter it does not form at all. Here, the height of snow cover only in February reaches an average of 1-3 cm, and is absent in the rest of the year. The highest ten-day snow cover height was observed in the third ten-day period of February - 47 cm. The average date of snow cover appearance falls on December 15, and the earliest - on October 31. The number of days with snow cover is 21.

Khujand climate
Indicator	Jan.	Feb	March	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average maximum, ° C	3,5	6,2	13,8	21,9	28,6	34,2	35,5	32,4	28,8	20,6	12,3	5,6	20,3
Average temperature, ° C	0,6	3,0	9,2	16,8	21,9	26,8	28,6	26,4	21,5	14,6	7,6	2,5	15,0
Average minimum, ° C	−3,2	−1,8	4,2	10,7	15,6	19,6	21,2	18,8	13,6	8,1	3,4	−0,5	9,1
Precipitation rate, mm	15	15	25	27	20	9	4	1	3	15	16	17	167
Source: World Meteorological Organization,

Story

In ancient times

The Achaemenid Empire in its heyday

Hike of Alexander the Great to Asia

Khujand is one of the most ancient cities Central Asia: according to some sources, the foundation of the city falls on the 7th-6th centuries BC. It was conquered by Alexander the Great, who rebuilt and fortified it, calling Alexandria Eskhata ( extreme).

Located on the Great Silk Road and connecting Samarkand with the Fergana Valley, Khujand had an advantageous geopolitical location and paramount transport importance.

Subsequently, it was conquered by the Arabs (VIII century), and in 1219-1220 it fiercely resisted the troops of Genghis Khan, but was destroyed.

However, the city soon revived and became one of the largest trade, cultural and scientific centers of the Central Asian region. And even today Khujand is an important industrial, scientific and cultural center of northern Tajikistan.

Since ancient times, Khujand, being at the crossroads of trade routes of the East, on the Great Silk Road, was one of the most important economic, military-strategic and cultural centers of Fararud.

Khujand was home to famous astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, historians, poets, musicians. One of them is the founder of the local astronomical school Abumahmud Khujandi.

Kamol Khujandi, the author of the famous gazelles, was called "The Nightingale of Khujand" in the XIV century. The outstanding poet, musician and dancer Mahasti was equally popular in the Middle Ages.

According to legend, it was in Khujand that the house of Khoja Nasreddin stood. In the 19th century in Khujand, such cultural figures as Toshkhoja Asiri, Sodirkhon Hafiz, Khoji Yusuf conducted an active educational work.

In the Russian Empire

On May 24, 1866, the city was occupied by the Russian army and became part of the Russian Empire (see Central Asian possessions of the Russian Empire). The entry into the empire of the center of the densely populated district with rich economic resources, the most important road junction between the Fergana Valley, the Tashkent oasis and the Zeravshan Valley, a major trading point, opened up new opportunities for the development of Khujand.

The city was the administrative center of the Khojent district of the Samarkand region.

In July 1916, a Central Asian uprising began in the city.

IN USSR

Streets of Khujand

At the beginning of 1918, Soviet power was established in the city, until 1929 the city was part of the Uzbek SSR. On October 2, 1929, it was incorporated into the Tajik SSR, and on January 10, 1936, the city was renamed Leninabad(in honor of V.I. Lenin). In 1941, the Tajik Agricultural Institute was located in Leninabad, which was the university of the USSR People's Commissariat of Agriculture and had a postal address: the city of Leninabad, Krasnaya Street, house No. 25.

In the post-war period, Leninabad turned into the largest industrial and cultural center of Tajikistan after Dushanbe. The city's industry became diversified, equipped with advanced domestic and foreign technology, a silk-processing plant operated in the city - one of the largest enterprises in the republic. In 1991, dozens of city enterprises produced the same amount of industrial products per day as in all pre-revolutionary Tajikistan per year. The fabrics of the silk factory were sent to 450 cities of the USSR and to foreign countries.

Arbob Palace of Culture

Since the 1960s, Leninabad has been actively expanding its borders. The city stepped onto the right bank of the Syr Darya, throwing two bridges across it.

In 1970, a trolleybus service was launched in Leninabad.

During the years of Soviet power, radical transformations have taken place in the field of health care. By 1991, there were 40 medical and preventive institutions in the city, in which about 2.5 thousand doctors and specialists with higher and secondary medical care worked. education.

Major changes have taken place in the field of public education. In 1991, there were 30 schools in the city, in which about 30 thousand students studied.

In 1986, the city celebrated its anniversary - the 2500th anniversary of its foundation. In this regard, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the city of Leninabad was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

Modern Tajikistan

The 16th session of the Supreme Soviet, held in the Arbob palace 10 km from Khujand in November 1992, restored the constitutional order in the republic and elected E. Sh. Rakhmonov as the chairman of the Supreme Soviet.

Culture and education

Theater, local history and archaeological museums, a park in honor of the poet Kamoli Khujandi, which includes a mausoleum and a house-museum of the poet.

In 1932, the Pedagogical Institute was opened, where only 26 people studied. Today, more than 10 thousand students study at 16 faculties of this university, which was transformed in 1991 into Khujand State University. In 2010, as a result of the merger of the Polytechnic Institute. Academician M.S.Osimi and the Khujand branch of the Technological University of Tajikistan, the Khujand Polytechnic Institute of the Tajik Technical University named after Academician M.S.Osimi.

The city has a regional library named after T. Asiri.

Chairmen of the Khukumat

• Ahmadzoda, Rajabboy - Apr 1. 2016 Nov.
• Sharifzoda, Sharif Faiz April 1, 2016 - 03/31/2017
• Muhammadzoda, Maruf from 31.03.2017

sights

Mosque-mausoleum of Sheikh Muslikhiddin (XVII-XVIII centuries)

Main article: Attractions of Khujand

The medieval citadel, the mosque-mausoleum of Sheikh Muslikhiddin (17th-18th centuries), the Orthodox Church of Mary Magdalene is the oldest Orthodox church in Tajikistan, built in 1884 at the expense of the Moscow merchant Khludov. Monument to the native of the city, the poet Kamol Khujandi.

Museum-fortress of the military leader Temurmalik, who fiercely resisted the troops of Genghis Khan.

Famous people

• Abu Mahmud al Khujandi (940-1000) - Tajik mathematician and astronomer, a native of Khujand, lived and worked in the city of Rey.
• Mehesti Ganjavi (Khujandi) (1098, Khujand - 1160,) - Tajik poetess of the XII century, lived and worked in the city.
• Kamol Khujandi (1321-1401) - Persian-Tajik poet
• Muhammadaminhoja Koshif (1825-1887) - Tajik poet,
• Toshkhuja Asiri (1864-1916) - Tajik poet,
• Abdulla Fayyaz (1847-1934) - Tajik poet,
• Haji Yusuf Mirfaezov (1842-1925) - Tajik scientist.

Twin cities

Notes (edit)

1. Footnote error: Invalid tag ; no text specified for footnotes population_2019
2. Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Population of Tajikistan as of January 1, 2019 (Russian) (unavailable link)(01.01.2019). Retrieved July 3, 2019. Archived July 2, 2015.
3. Tajikistan // World Atlas / comp. and prepare. to ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2009; ch. ed. G.V. Pozdnyak. - M.: PKO "Cartography": Onyx, 2010. - P. 116. - ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (Cartography). - ISBN 978-5-488-02609-4 (Onyx).
4. Lurie P. B. Historical and linguistic analysis of Sogdian toponymy // Diss. for a job. uch. Art. Cand. Phil. sciences. - SPb. , 2004 .-- S. 40, 151.
5. Khujand // Dictionary geographical names USSR / GUGK, TsNIIGAiK. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Nedra, 1983 .-- S. 141.
6. Sovetabad // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
7. Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of January 1, 2018. Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2018
8. Demoscope Weekly - Application. Handbook of Statistical Indicators
9. Leonid Solovyov. The enchanted prince. - M.: Terevinf, 2015 .-- 304 p. - (Ruslite. Literary monuments of the XX century). - ISBN 978-5-4212-0181-6.
10. Oriental flavor of Dushanbe :: With you on the flight
11. Head of Khujand outlaws Iranian and Afghan clothing
12. Emomali Rahmon appoints new mayors of Khujand and Istaravshan
13. Archived copy (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Retrieved September 7, 2017. Archived September 7, 2017.

Links

• Official site of the city
• Khujand city portal
• Coat of arms of the city of Khujand, 1910
• TSB: Leninabad
• Khujand // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

The modern Sughd region of Tajikistan, the administrative center of which is the city of Khujand, until 1991 was called the Leninabad region of Tajikistan, its regional center was called Leninabad.

Geographical position

The position, from the point of view of political geography, which the Leninabad region (Tajikistan) occupies, is assessed as favorable, despite the fact that the region is landlocked. Nevertheless, the development and prosperity of Khujand was promoted precisely by his geographic location... It is the only city that stretches on the banks of the largest river in Central Asia - the Syr Darya - and was located at the intersection of the Great Silk Road. This contributed to the development of trade relations with the developed countries of the East and West in the old days.

Leninabad region (Sughd) is surrounded mountain ranges Tien Shan and Gissar-Altai. From the north there are the Kuraminsky ridge and the Mogoltau mountains, from the south - the Turkestan ridge and the Zeravshan mountains. It shares borders with Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Between the Kuramin and Turkestan ridges is the western region of the Fergana Valley, on which the region is located.

Two rivers flow through its territory. The largest in Central Asia is the Syr Darya and Zeravshan, which originates from the mountain glacier bearing the same name. Both the Zeravshan and its tributaries have good food from melting glaciers, large reserves of hydropower. Used for irrigation of flat lands.

History of Khujand

Khujand has been the center of civilization for thousands of years. The location of the city contributed to its rapid development and prosperity. The same age as the ancient cities such as Samarkand, Khiva, Bukhara, he made his important contribution to the development of this region of Central Asia.

The Great Silk Road passed through it. Khujand merchants returning from distant countries, brought not only overseas goods, but also knowledge. The city flourished, the main occupation of the inhabitants of the surrounding settlements was agriculture and cattle breeding. Crafts developed in it. Trade took a special place.

A wealthy eastern city, it was repeatedly invaded by invaders who dreamed of conquering and plundering it. But history has preserved evidence of the conquest of the region by the troops of Alexander the Great, who preserved the city and contributed to its development. It received a new name Alexandria Eskhata (Extreme).

The invasion of the Mongol Tatars completely wiped it off the face of the Earth. But the city was rebuilt again. This was facilitated by its favorable location.

As part of the Russian Empire

Centuries passed, the city gradually stopped in development and began to play an insignificant, provincial role in the life of Central Asia. The leading position was occupied by Samarkand, Bukhara, Kokand. The population worked in agriculture, and only an insignificant part traded in crafts, in particular, weaving of silk fabrics.

In 1866, the city of Khujand was conquered by the Russian army and included in the Construction railroad breathed into it new life... It became the center of the intersection of roads connecting the Fergana, Zeravshan valleys and the Tashkent oasis.

Railway workers and engineers were sent to the city for the construction and maintenance of railway stations. Doctors and teachers came with them. A school and a hospital were opened. Small handicraft industrial enterprises appeared. This was facilitated by natural resources, in particular oil, non-ferrous metals.

As part of the USSR

Despite the significant development of the city, it remained a backward outskirts of the Russian Empire with small handicraft enterprises, mainly weaving. The Leninabad region reached its greatest prosperity as part of the USSR. New enterprises began to be built, old ones were reconstructed. Qualified personnel came to the region: engineers, workers, doctors, teachers, scientists who studied natural resources... Schools, hospitals, professional educational institutions were opened, which trained new personnel, including from the local population.

The city of Khujand was renamed to Leninabad. It became an administrative center; the district included 8 cities with developed infrastructure and industry. Coal, oil, zinc, lead, tungsten, molybdenum, antimony and mercury began to be mined on the territory of the region. The largest mining and processing enterprises were built. A large silk fabric factory was erected in Leninabad.

More than a third of all industrial production of the republic was provided by the Leninabad region. The Tajik SSR, in her person, received an industrial and economic flagship.

Cities of Leninabad (Sughd) region

Thanks to settlements located on its territory, the leading positions were occupied by the Leninabad region. The cities that were part of it had large industrial enterprises, some of which were unique.

In total, the region included 8 cities, including Leninabad. Many of them have ancient history and played a significant role in earlier years. Most of the cities formed the industrial backbone of the Leninabad region:

• Istaravshan (Ura-Tyube). It is located in the foothills of the Turkestan ridge, 78 kilometers from the regional center. It is home to 63 thousand people.
• The city of Isfara is located in the foothills of the Turkestan ridge on the Isfara River. 43 thousand people live.
• Kairakum (Khujand). Located on the territory of the Karakum reservoir. 43 thousand people live.
• The city of Penjikent is located on the Zaravshan River, at an altitude of 900 meters above sea level. The population is 36.5 thousand people.

Khujand city

Leninabad, modern Khujand, one of the most beautiful cities in the Fergana Valley. Framed by mountain spurs, drenched in the sun, surrounded by gardens and flowers, it is a real oasis. The Syr Darya and the Karakum reservoir make its climate mild, and the southern heat is easily tolerated. The mountains protect it from the sultry desert winds in summer and cold in winter.

The city of Leninabad and the Leninabad region occupied one of the leading positions in the economy of the Tajik SSR, which contributed to their prosperity. The infrastructure of the city was developing. New residential areas, schools, hospitals, kindergartens, palaces of culture, sports facilities were built. A pedagogical institute, many technical schools and colleges were opened in the city. To improve transport supplies, trolleybus lines were laid.

Much attention was paid to architectural monuments, restoration work was carried out. Archaeological excavations were carried out in the vicinity of the city. The Museum of History and Local Lore and the Theater of Musical Comedy have been opened. The Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR was founded.

Leninabad became the industrial center of Central Asia. A large number of large enterprises operated: a silk fabric combine, a ditch, a cotton gin, a glass container, an electrical plant, a dairy and cannery, and much more.

Taboshar city

On the territory of the region there is a small cozy town of Taboshar. Leninabad region (Tajikistan) has several such towns and villages that were of important strategic importance for the USSR. Near Taboshar there are rich deposits of polymetallic ores, containing mainly zinc and lead; along the way, silver, gold, copper, bismuth and a number of other metals were extracted from them.

Nearby there is a "tailing dump" - a burial place for ore processing waste. Uranium was mined here for more than 20 years, which was processed in neighboring Chkalovsk. The Zvezda Vostoka plant has operated in the city since 1968, producing parts and engines for strategic missiles. Now they are mothballed, since with the collapse of the USSR, most of the residents moved to Russia and other countries. The city was inhabited by deported citizens from Western Ukraine, the Baltic states and

The town today has only 13.5 thousand inhabitants, most of whom are unemployed. Once it was a crowded, cozy and beautiful town with blackberry bushes, flowers in the front gardens, and in spring the city was buried in a haze of blooming apricots, over which butterflies and dragonflies circled.

Chkalovsk city

The Leninabad Mining and Chemical Combine, built in 1946, gave birth to a city called "Chkalovsk". Leninabad region received one more city in its composition. Today it is home to about 21 thousand people. After the collapse of the USSR, about 80% of its former residents left the settlement.

The plant gave rise not only to the city, but also to the first atomic reactor and the first Soviet atomic bomb, the filling of which was obtained at the plant. Raw materials came from all deposits in Central Asia and the Fergana Valley, of which there were many.

A cozy village was built on the site of the city, in which the builders and workers of the plant lived. With its development, the settlement grew, which was awarded the status of a city in 1956. Chkalovsk had the best schools, kindergartens, clinics, cinemas and even two theaters.

Immersed in greenery and flowers, with a developed infrastructure - this is how the city was remembered by its inhabitants who left it. The state of the current Buston, such a name he received in our time, leaves much to be desired. Once powerful enterprises do not work, there is not always water in the houses, electricity is often cut off, which forces the remaining residents to leave their homes.

Districts of Leninabad region

The geographical location of the Leninabad region, and Zaravshan, the Karakum reservoir created favorable conditions for farming. Throughout the region, there are gardens and fields where a large number of vegetables are grown. Even in Soviet times, factories for the processing of fruit and vegetable products were built here. There are 14 agricultural districts on the territory of the region. Below is a list of districts and the number of residents (thousand people):

• Aininsky - 76.9;
• Asht - 151.6;
• Bobo-Gafurovsky - 347.4;
• Devashtich - 154.3;
• Gorno-Matchinsky - 22.8;
• Jabbar-Rasulovsky - 125.0;
• Zafarabad - 67.4;
• Istaravshansky - 185.6;
• Isfara - 204.5;
• Kanibadamskiy - 146.3;
• Matchinsky - 113.4;
• Penjikent - 231.2;
• Spitamensky - 128.7;
• Shahristan - 38.5.

The leading position in the processing of animal products in the republic was occupied by the Leninabad region, the regions of which were engaged in the production of milk and meat - this is the main orientation of animal husbandry. In the foothills, goats and sheep are raised. Much attention is paid to the cultivation of cotton.

Khojand region

The largest, Khojent region, was also renamed. The Leninabad region became the Sughd region, the city of Leninabad is called Khujand, the Khojent region was named Bobo-Gafurov. Its administrative center is the village of Gafurov.

The region is located in the Fergana Valley and is the most developed and largest agricultural region in the Leninabad (Sughd region). In the north, its border runs with the Tashkent region, in the south - with Kyrgyzstan. On the territory there is a large cotton ginnery and small food enterprises.

The district is adjacent to the regional center, therefore it is focused on agricultural production. It supplies the residents of Khujand with vegetables and fruits, which are abundant in the region, as well as milk and meat.

The city of Khujand is located in the north of Tajikistan, it is spread out in the picturesque valley of the Syr Darya. Today Khujand is the largest cultural and industrial-industrial center of the country, and also ranks second in terms of population. An important transport hub is concentrated in Khujand; the scientific, economic, political and cultural center of Tajikistan is located here. Also, the city has its own railway transport and the airport. Today the official name sounds like Khujand, because it used to be called Khujand until 1936. Moreover, this year, it was named Leninabad, in honor of the Leader Lenin. In 1991, Tajikistan became independent state, so the city returned its historical name, but it already sounded like Khujand. What city is called?

City `s history

Khujand has a long history. Therefore, in the old days, writers, poets and scientists called him "The Crown of the World". Initially, during the period of the Kayanid king Kaikubod, the city itself was founded. Only its heyday falls on the reign of the Persian king Darius from the Achaemenid dynasty. When Alexander the Great conquered the city, he renamed it Alexandria Eshata, which means Extreme Alexandria. In the works of travelers, geographers and medieval historians, Khujand is mentioned as a settlement of generous and magnanimous people, a city where crafts and science are well developed. Thanks to its excellent climate, fertile gardens and fields are spread here. Historians and scientists testify that in ancient times precious metals were mined in the mountainous regions of Khujand.

Natives of Khujand are members of the families of the Oli Khujand dynasty, they enjoy special reverence and respect in the East. Some of them worked in high government posts and were cultural figures. Also, the famous Great Silk Road passed through Khujand, which allowed the city to keep in touch with other leading countries. Thus, spirituality and economics developed. The merchants of Khujand sent the best works of urban artisans to other countries. And they themselves brought the latest achievements of the world in civilization and science.

Attractions of Khujand

Tourists are first of all sent to the Khujand fortress, which in history was marked by a part of the fortification system of Khujand. The fortress was founded in the 6th-5th centuries BC. During the period of archaeological excavations, experts discovered that initially the fortress was surrounded by a bulk rampart, then the thickness of the mud was raised by the wall. The constituent elements of ancient Khujand include the citadel and the city; they had their own fortress walls, which were surrounded by a deep and wide moat, and the moat itself was filled with water. When the troops of Genghis Khan attacked the city, the heroic defense of the Khujand fortress became a significant event. But still it was destroyed by the Mongol invasions. By the 15th century, the fortress was in ruins. However, in the same period, the fortress was restored.

Another interesting historical attraction is the Masjid Jami Mosque. This structure is composed of numerous columns and is an excellent example of 15th century architecture. This mosque differs in a surprisingly harmonious way, because it was made in a kind of synthesis of the building culture and decorative arts of Khujand.

In 1996, a monument to Kamol Khujandi was erected. That year the 675th anniversary of this famous poet was celebrated. The monument itself is erected on the Star Square of Khujand. The wings are used as the background of the image, they symbolize the person and the inspiration of poetry. To fully show the lifestyle of this spiritual rich man who traveled a lot, the sculpture was specially created without shoes. In general, it should be noted that the sculpture of the poet corresponds to the canons of beauty of the human body.

Tourism

In addition to ancient attractions in Khujand, tourists are offered several types active tours... For example, the famous Kairakkum reservoir is located near the city. This reservoir arose on the Syrdarya River during the construction of the hydroelectric power station. A mild climate prevails here, therefore local nature is distinguished by its unusual beauty. And thanks to the transparent surface of the artificial lake, you can actively relax on its territory. Tourists and locals give preference to boat trips, exciting fishing, and excursions around the archaeological site are organized from here.

Climbers come to Khujand to go to the Ak-Su region, which is located near the city. The beauty of virgin nature is felt in this mountain range, extraordinary mountains are spread here, which are made of dense granite. Some mountains are more than five thousand meters high. Therefore, so many tourists flock here, especially in winter.

It is noteworthy that the gates of the city are open for guests around the clock. Any traveler can have a good rest in this city, new trade relations are developing excellently here. In addition, in Khujand, you can walk through the colorful oriental bazaars selling various handicrafts. Although there are many souvenir shops in Khujand and large shopping centers... By the way, in the markets it is worth bargaining, this will show respect for the seller.

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See how the price of air tickets to Khujand has changed depending on the time of purchase. Since the beginning of sales, their cost changes by an average of 32%. The minimum price for the flight to Khujand is 53 days before departure, approximately 21,230 rubles. The maximum price in the direction to Khujand is 50 days before departure, approximately 31,556 rubles. In most cases early booking helps to save money, take advantage of it!

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According to statistics, the most affordable option for flights to Khujand is on Fridays, with an average cost of 23,059 rubles. The most expensive flights are on Sundays, their average cost is 25,814 rubles. It should be borne in mind that departures on pre-holiday days are usually more expensive. We hope this data will help you plan your travels in the most efficient way.

The administrative center of the Sughd region. It is located in the picturesque valley of the Syrdarya River at an altitude of more than three hundred meters above sea level. Today Khujand is the largest industrial, industrial and cultural center of Northern Tajikistan and the second most important city in the republic with a population of 155 thousand 400 people (2009). Representatives of more than 20 nations and nationalities live here.

Today Khujand is an important transport hub, political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country. On the territory of the city there are the airport and the Khujand railway station, located 11 km from the center of Khujand, in the village of Gafurov.

Name

Currently, the official name of the city in Russian is Khujand. From the moment the territory of the city became part of the Russian Empire and until 1936, it was called Khujand.

Then, on January 10, 1936, the city was renamed Leninabad in honor of V.I. Lenin. And already on February 26, 1991, after the country gained independence, its historical name was returned to the city, and it officially turned into Khujand.

History of Khujand

Khujand, along with such cities as Bukhara and Samarkand, was one of the most famous civilization centers of science and culture in Central Asia, a city that from ancient times attracted attention with the hospitality of its inhabitants, talented scientists, artisans and craftsmen. It has been known in historical sources since the 7th century.

The city attracts the attention of tourists with its numerous medieval citadels, as well as the mosque-mausoleum of Sheikh Musleheddin (17-18 centuries).

Khujand has a rich, centuries-old history. In the past, scientists, poets and writers called it the "Crown of the World".

Initially, the city was founded during the time of the Kaianid king Kaikubod, and flourished and became even more beautiful during the reign of the Persian king from the Achaemenid dynasty - Darius. After the conquest of Varazrud (Central Asia) by Alexander the Great, the city began to be called Alexandria Eskhata (Extreme Alexandria).

Medieval historians, geographers and travelers in their works mention Khujand as a city of magnanimous, generous people, with developed science and crafts, fertile fields and gardens, and refer it to the "fifth, the best climate". According to scientists and historians, since ancient times, gold, silver, copper, mercury, tin and other valuable metals have been mined in the mountains around Khujand.

Representatives of the Oli Khujand dynasty, people from Khujand, who invariably held high government posts, enjoyed special respect and veneration in the East, the leaders of this dynasty evoked a deep response in the hearts of people with their intelligence and knowledge, nobility and foresight. That is why the great poet of the 12th century Hokoni Shirvani says with sincere love: “You can endlessly talk about Khujand, about its people - talented poets, melodious singers and gentle dancers, famous scientists and unsurpassed artisans. But better times see".

The Great Silk Road passed through the territory of the city, so the city had a constant connection with world civilization, developed economically and spiritually. The merchants of Khujand exported to other states the best products of local artisans, and returned from their wanderings enriched with the achievements of science and civilization of almost the whole world. However, on the other hand, all this kindled the interest of the conquerors in this prosperous corner of the earth. The streets and squares of the city saw the Greco-Macedonians, Arab invaders, hordes of cruel Karakitais and Genghis Khan, experienced the cruel tyranny of Timur, Sheibanids, Ashtarkhanids. Many stormy events swept over the city for 25 centuries, but, nevertheless, its image did not fade in the darkness of millennia; over time, he only became younger and more beautiful.

The greatness of the city in the history of world civilization is evidenced by the pages of its chronicle associated with the names of prominent scientists and poets of the East, such as Abumakhmudi Khujandi, Kamoli Khujandi, Mahasti, Koshifi, Toshkhuji Asiri, the famous traveler Khoja Yusuf, composer and singer Sodirkhon Khofiz. Legendary Tehmosi and Temurmalik were also prominent statesmen. The city often suffered from the raging elements, was almost completely destroyed by floods, but was revived again by the labor of the people. On the territory of Khujand there is the Khujand citadel, built in the early Middle Ages and functioning until the beginning of the 20th century.

After the annexation of Central Asia to Russia in 1866, Khujand became one of the centers of the revolutionary movement on the territory of Tajikistan. Social democratic organizations began to emerge here, and the national liberation labor movement began to develop actively. Following St. Petersburg and Tashkent in November 1917, Soviet power was established in this region.

In the 50-60s, Khujand was actively expanding its borders. The city stepped onto the right bank of the Syr Darya, throwing two bridges across it. The right-bank part includes an extensive park area with beaches and sports facilities.

From year to year, Khujand became more and more beautiful, rapidly acquiring the appearance of a large, industrially developed city. In 1986 he celebrated his 2,500th birthday.

Historical landmarks of Khujand

Khujand fortress. This fortress was once an integral part of the city's fortification system. It was founded in the 6th - 5th centuries BC. In the course of archaeological excavations carried out by the North-Tajik archaeological complex expedition, it was found that the Khujand fortress was first surrounded by an embankment, later by a wall of considerable thickness made of mud. The city and the citadel are integral parts of ancient Khujand; they had separate fortress walls surrounded by a wide and deep moat filled with water. The remains of these fortifications were found under the central part of the left-bank Khujand, they surround the territory ancient city with an area of ​​20 hectares.

With the development of the economy, trade, system of government and population growth, the city gradually expanded. A new fortress was built in the 6th - 7th centuries. Khujand of the Middle Ages consisted of three main parts: a citadel, a shahristan and a rabad. The citadel was located on the banks of the Syr Darya at the gates of the rabad.

The medieval Khujand fortress was considered one of the most fortified in Central Asia.

In 1219 - 1220, during the invasion of Genghis Khan and his troops, a 25,000-strong army with 50,000 Central Asian captives was sent to siege the city. The heroic defense of the Khujand fortress and the island located not far from it on the Syr Darya under the leadership of Timurmalik became one of the most significant events in the history of Tajikistan and the entire Tajik region.

As a result of the Mongol invasion, the Khujand fortress was destroyed. According to the historian Hofiz Abru, at the beginning of the 15th century, the fortress lay in ruins. According to Zakhiriddin Babur, at the end of the same century, the fortress was restored and was the residence of the local ruler.

Masjidi Jami Mosque. The mosque was built in 1512-1513. Ivan, consisting of 30 columns, adjoins the eastern wall of the winter hall, which is also multi-column (20 columns), and enters the inner courtyard of the mosque.

An extended south wall mosques without any openings. Only on the right, at the edge of the wall, is the entrance device of the darvoz-khona with a deep pestak - a portal. The arrangement of the columns in the mosque is subordinated to the modular grid: on the iwan, six rows of four columns (30 modular squares) are repeated, and in the winter room - five rows of four columns. The two middle columns along the northern façade of the aivan are finished with full-height carvings and bear an elevated part of the architrave with massive type-setting stalactites that have preserved the remains of the painting. At the entrance and above the mihrab, three plank squares of the ceiling are painted, but the colors darkened a lot and partly crumbled. The walls are covered with good carved decor, mostly geometric motifs. Both doors of the winter hall are distinguished by fine and graceful carvings. The roof of the mosque is flat earthen with clay-adobe coating. The foundation on which the walls of the building stand is made of burnt bricks. The inner courtyard of the mosque from the east and partly from the north is bounded by one-story hujras.

In the northeastern part of the courtyard, there is a minaret with a traditional lantern, decorated with arched openings, from where a beautiful panorama of the city opens. The entrance portal, facing Shark Street, is distinguished by tiled cladding and carved ganch panels along the facade. The high portal is only a front decorative wall made of baked bricks, supplemented from the northern side by two-storey adobe buildings with a wooden aivan at the top.

The mosque, as a whole, has a surprisingly harmonious image and is a magnificent example of the synthesis of decorative arts and building culture of Khujand.

Monument to Kamol Khujandi. The monument was erected in 1996 in honor of the 675th anniversary of the poet's birth. It is located on the Star Square of Khujand. In the background, wings are depicted, personifying the holiness of man and at the same time denoting the wings of poetry inspiration. The poet's face is turned towards the place of his birth and towards the setting of the sun. The height of the seated figure is 3.5 m, the height of the wings is 5.5 m.

In order to show the image of a strong, spiritually rich person who has made many travels, the sculpture was specially created barefoot, in accordance with the existing canons of the beauty of the human body, embodied in sculpture.

Tourism

In addition to its ancient sights, Khujand can offer tourists some types of active tours. The famous Kairakkum reservoir is located not far from Khujand. It arose as a result of the construction of a hydroelectric power station on the Syrdarya river. The mild climate, unusually beautiful nature, the transparent surface of the man-made lake make it possible to actively relax here: these are boat trips, windsurfing, fishing, excursions to archaeological sites.