Download the presentation about Paris in English. School Powerpoint Presentations
Groups 09-SMOS-23
Yulia Kostiv
Checked by: Isaeva I. Yu.
O. V. Shchipkov
Department of Education GBOU SPO TC No. 43
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Paris is the capital of France, the most important economic and cultural center of the country, located in the northern part of central France, in the Ile-de-France region on the banks of the Seine River. In addition, Paris is of great international importance - here are the headquarters of UNESCO, OECD and the International Chamber of Commerce.
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Throughout the existence of France, Paris has been a treasure of the nation, fraught with centuries of culture and incredible charm. More than 27 million tourists come to Paris every year to get to know this amazing city better. If you ask local residents to tell a few facts about their city, then usually the dialogue is limited to the Eiffel Tower or the Arc de Triomphe, a wonderful local cuisine and modern fashion. However, we want to tell you about the lesser-known details of Paris, which sometimes the residents of the French capital themselves do not even know about.
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Many people dream of Paris almost from early childhood. A dream comes true, but, most interestingly, most of all, the rest in France is remembered not by the beautiful architecture, not by French dishes and not by fashionable shops, but by such a seemingly banal form of transport as the metro. The reason for this was the following episode: Russian tourists, who went down for the first time to the "Parisian Subway", could not get into the subway car. The train stopped, but the doors in front of them did not open, after standing a little, the train drove on. The amazed girls only on the example of the next train and the French, who were accustomed to what was happening, found out that in the Parisian metro, passengers must independently open and close the doors in the carriages. In addition, in the Parisian metro (very shallow) no stations are announced, and there are no metro employees at turnstiles - such is the self-service system.
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Do not be surprised if the Frenchman whom you turned to for help on one of the streets of Paris, to your simple and understandable question on English language will answer in French. The French are very jealous of their language, to the point that in 1994 a special law was passed that regulates the rules for the use of English words. French linguists even specially introduced a number of new terms and concepts to replace those, the appearance of which was due to new foreign scientific developments and technology. The Parisians are more than sure that their native language no worse than English and quite often pretend not to know English words and expressions.
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Traders on the Champs Elysees often make Russian tourists smile. Groups of energetic African-Americans, hung with little eiffel towers and headscarves, literally cuddle tourists from all sides. As soon as they understand which country you came from, they begin to guess your name: “Yulia? Katia! Marina?!" Traders are dispersed by gendarmes on bicycles - a rather unusual and even strange picture.
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The fountain opposite the Eiffel Tower can be considered an unofficial place for swimming and relaxing on the grass under the sun in hot weather. This is a place for pleasant meetings and no less pleasant new acquaintances, people are friendly and open to communication
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The loaf under the arms of passers-by is already an old tradition and one of the symbols of France. After all, a baguette (baguette) - a long soft loaf made of flour, yeast, salt and water is an invention of the French. In France, there is generally an extraordinary number of shops selling bread and various flour sweets. The most popular of the flour products are called croque-monsieur and croque-madame. The first is two long baked baguette halves, pre-oiled and lined with ham and cheese. Crock-Madame is distinguished by the fact that its filling is complemented with a flirty egg yolk.
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Next unusual fact from Paris not for aesthetes. The thing is that Parisians are crazy about dogs, of which there are more than children in the city and can appear with them in many public places, including in a number of restaurants. There are more than half a million four-legged friends of man in Paris. Of course, this is one of the reasons why you need to walk with caution in the streets of the French capital. In addition to dog excrement, it is quite normal to find streams of soapy water under your feet - this is a consequence of cleaning the city. One of the special machines for such work is conventionally called "motorcycle vacuum cleaner".
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Translucent plastic urns are the norm in Paris, despite the fact that they can hardly be called a decoration of the city. The replacement for this unsightly structure was caused by several explosions organized by terrorists in 1995, when explosive devices were thrown into garbage cans.
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In Paris, you can drink water directly from the tap. Residents of the French capital are extremely proud of the water treatment and sewage system in their city. Paris even has an unusual Sewer Museum.
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And now a small excursion into history ... Not everyone had and now likes the unusual structure of Paris - the Eiffel Tower, which is emphatically the main attraction when you choose tours to Paris. Many consider this symbol of France to be a real ugliness, one of these many was the famous writer Guy de Maupassant. Meanwhile, he regularly dined at the Eiffel Tower restaurant, which amazed those around him. Once he was asked: "Why, you dine in the tower, you hate it ?!" In response, the writer called the restaurant in the Eiffel Tower "the only place from where this nightmare is not visible."
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The Parisian metro is the 6th busiest in the world.
In 2010, 1.48 billion passengers visited the Paris metro, and despite the fact that this is 10 million less than the New York metro, the situation will undoubtedly change in 2011 in favor of the Paris metro. In addition, the underground public transport Paris is one of the oldest in Europe, second only to London and Budapest.
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Highest and lowest temperatures in Paris
The record for the highest temperature in the city was set on July 28, 1948, when the thermometer rose to 40.4 degrees Celsius. On the coldest and coldest days, a -23.9 degrees figure flashed on the screens of shopping centers.
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Paris is turning into a cycling city
Several decades ago, Paris was a polluted car city, but in the late 90s the situation began to change for the better. To date, the city has more than 440 kilometers of bike paths. It is planned that by 2014 this figure will increase to 700 kilometers.
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Paris has the largest number of luxury restaurants
All restaurants are located in Paris, which are full of their names on the front pages of the most famous print publications. Despite the fact that this fact is not a secret for local residents, visiting tourists are always surprised by the variety of places where you can spend a romantic dinner with your beloved half or have fun with a large company of friends.
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The Eiffel Tower cannot be photographed at night
Yes, we were not mistaken. At least without special permission from the tower's management. Back in 1990, a French court ruled that all the lights on the Eiffel Tower are copyrighted. Therefore, do not rush to upload photos of Paris at night on your blog - you are breaking the law of France. According to the French, all night photos of the tower posted on the Internet were officially approved by the administration.
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Vladimir Vysotsky in Paris almost went to jail. One night, having parked next to the house where he lived with Marina Vlady, Vysotsky began, according to Soviet habit, to remove the windshield wipers and the mirror from the car. A passing policeman, naturally, decided that it was a thief and took Vysotsky to the police. Fortunately, Marina Vlady arrived in time. The policeman released Vysotsky with the words: "Excuse me, monsieur, I did not know that you were Russian."
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The Eiffel Tower, as well as the Mona Lisa on display at the Louvre, has made it to the list of most disappointing attractions. Small in size, "Mona Lisa" is almost impossible to see through the non-diminishing crowd of tourists. The Louvre is visited by 25,000 people every day.
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The Eiffel Tower was built for a period of only 20 years. It was assumed that after that the tower would be dismantled. After all, what's the point of showing the exhibit at the World's Fair longer, which was the Eiffel Tower, built to demonstrate French engineering achievements.
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The oldest surviving bridge in Paris over the River Seine is called Pont Neuf (Pont Neuf), that is, “ New bridge».
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It is believed that modern Paris is designed for war. In the middle of the 19th century, many of the old streets of the city were expanded and straightened. The point is, wide streets are more difficult to barricade.
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For a long time in Europe the concept of "Parisian meridian" was used. It was the prime meridian on French maps. On the line of this meridian is the Paris Observatory.
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La Defense Quarter
In 1957, at the initiative of President Charles de Gaulle, the development of the La Defense business district began. High-rise buildings, original in their architecture, are grouped along the sides of a giant esplanade that slopes down to the Seine.
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Notre dame cathedral
The Cathedral of Notre Dame was built on the Ile de la Cité at the initiative of the Parisian bishop Maurice de Sully. Its construction began in the XII century. and lasted 170 years.
The interior of the cathedral amazes with the scope of the spaces.
The Cathedral is a Heavenly Jerusalem on earth and at the same time a model of the divine universe ...
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Basilica of the Sacre Coeur
One of the most famous symbols of Paris.
It was built with the money of pious French Catholics after a series of national failures. When the first stone was laid (June 16, 1875), a bronze medallion "France presents Christ with the Montmartre Basilica", a box with French medals, and a parchment with the protocol of the foundation ceremony of the Sacré-Coeur Basilica were placed in the ground of the hill.
From the foot of the dome, where 237 steps of stairs lead (on the left side of the cathedral), an amazing panorama of Paris opens up.
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Bolshoi boulevards, stock exchange
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Exchange building was built on the right bank of the Seine - another example of the magnificent and cold Napoleonic Empire style, which imitated ancient architecture in everything.
Stock exchange - a place for trading stocks, bonds of external and internal loans, as well as gold and currency
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Place Vendôme
Place Vendôme was built up at the end of the reign of Louis XIV on the site of the Duke of Vendome.
The project was developed by the famous architect Jean Hardouin-Mansart and envisaged the classic scheme of the "royal" square: elegant mansions, forming a closed rectangle, and the equestrian statue of the monarch in the center.
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Elysian Fields
The name of the avenue is borrowed from Greek mythology. The Champs Elysees, or Elysium, are the "islands of the blessed", where heroes live who have received immortality from the gods.
In 1616, at the direction of Marie de Medici, three alleys with elms were built on the square, and in 1667, under the direction of the landscape architect Le Nôtre, a promenade was built. The Champs Elysees is the traditional site of military parades held here on July 14 (Bastille Day) and November 11 (the end of the First World War).
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Elysee Palace
The Elysee Palace is the Parisian residence of the head of the French Republic.
The president's personal office is located in the Golden Salon.
The chef of the Elysee Palace maintains a menu card index to avoid repetition of dishes for visitors who dine here not for the first time. According to the protocol, lunch should not last more than one hour and five minutes.
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Georges Pompidou National Center for the Arts
Once upon a time, French President Georges Pompidou dreamed: "I would like a cultural center to be built in Paris - at the same time a museum and a creative workshop, where plastic arts would coexist with music, cinema, books and audiovisual research ..."
In 1969, an international competition was announced for the project of the largest in Europe cultural center... The Georges Pompidou National Center for the Arts was inaugurated on January 31, 1977. Street actors, musicians and acrobats perform on the cobbled square in front of the center, as if in medieval times.
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Isle of Cité
The Ile de la Cité is “the beginning of all beginnings”, the cradle of the French capital.
During the Carolingian era, the city was attacked by the Normans six times, and each time the inhabitants took refuge on the island, where they erected the fortress walls.
In 1607, the New Bridge was thrown across the Seine, and later four more bridges were built.
In April 1962, the Memorial to those killed in the Nazi camps was opened on the eastern tip of the island.
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Panoramic cinema "Zheod"
A giant ball, the mirror surface of which reflects the Parisian sky and the surrounding landscape. This is a panoramic cinema "Geode" with a huge 1000 square meter screen. Today this building is considered the most perfect spherical structure in the world. When filming and demonstrating films, the latest Omnimax technology (based on the “fish eye” principle) is used. During the demonstration of the film, the 70 mm film does not move in the vertical direction, but in the horizontal direction. The image on the screen is ten times larger than in a conventional cinema. Many of the shots were shot from a helicopter and create the effect of presence, sometimes reaching the point of dizziness.
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Concorde Square
Place de la Concorde - one of the most beautiful in Paris - occupies a vast area between the Tuileries and the Champs Elysees. The square was laid out in the middle of the 17th century by the architect Gabriel and was first named after Louis XV.
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Concorde Square
Luxor abelisk
The obelisk that adorns the square is a gift from the Egyptian Viceroy Mehmet Ali. He was taken to Paris from the Temple of Amun at Thebes.
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Concorde Square
Fountains of Gittorf
On both sides of the obelisk, Hittorf installed two 9-meter high fountains, imitating the fountains of St. Peter in Rome. The fountains are decorated with statues of Triton, Nereid and other mythical characters, as well as eighteen rostral columns. In the evenings, the fountains are illuminated. The capital restoration of the fountains has recently been completed.
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Eiffel Tower
March 31, 1889: inauguration of the tower; presentation of the Order of the Legion of Honor to the engineer Gustave Eiffel
10 400 people can be on the tower at the same time. In addition to serving tourists, the tower is used for radio and television broadcasting, as well as a weather station.
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Triumphal Arch
Built in 1806-1836.
The walls of the arch are engraved with the names of 128 battles won by the Republican and Imperial armies, as well as the names of 658 French military leaders. The arch is surrounded by a hundred granite pedestals (in honor of the "hundred days" of Napoleon's reign), connected by cast-iron chains. The inscription on the grave of the Unknown Soldier: "Here rests a French soldier who gave his life for his Motherland, 1914-1919."
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Zoo in the Bois de Vincennes
The idea of such placement of animals, when their freedom is imitated, belongs to the German Karl Hagenbeck, who created a zoo in Hamburg in 1907. The success of the zoological park of the exhibition led to the idea of creating a more spacious park with stylized aviaries imitating wildlife- the natural habitat of each animal. Currently, the zoo contains about 1200 animals. The territory of the zoo is 14.5 hectares.
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Botanical Garden
The Royal Garden of Medicinal Herbs and Plants is the oldest garden in Paris.
The garden was intended to educate students in medicine and became the first garden open to the public in Paris.
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Luxembourg Garden
At a time when Paris was not yet Paris, but Gallo-Roman Lutetia, this “suburb” beyond the Ile de la Cité was called Lucotitius - from this time on, regular visitors call the Luxembourg Gardens “Luco”.
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The museum tells about life in the Middle Ages
Cluny Museum
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Disneyland park
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Disneyland park
When, in June 1955, the news about the world's first Disneyland appeared, few could have predicted that in the near future its name would become a household name associated with people all over the world with a happy childhood and the fulfillment of cherished desires.
This is where amazing adventures begin and miracles take place. Here everyone finds something exciting for themselves. Disneyland's rides and scenarios are unique, with a concept different from any other entertainment venue in the world.
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High speed trains
In 1981, the movement of high-speed trains was opened in France - the first in this respect from the countries of Europe. Trains of the TGV family began to run on a new, specially built for passenger transportation the high-speed line (currently referred to as LGV) Paris-Lyon (Fig. 2) initially with a maximum speed of 260 km / h, later increased to 270 km / h.
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Haute couture fashion
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Paris has always been known to the world as a fashionable capital, which attracts elegant and beautiful clothes, unique and original, "haute couture". The term "Haute Couture" literally translated from French means "high sewing". But now this term is understood as the production outside the conveyor belt of the highest class and translated as "haute couture". Haute Couture Weeks are held in Paris every year in January and in July, usually at the Croiselle du Louvre complex. The richest and most famous people in the world, who can afford a dress of 100 thousand dollars or more, consider it their duty to attend the "haute couture" shows. Collections fly apart in an instant.
When we say haute couture, we only mean Paris. It is the French legislation that thoroughly establishes what genuine Haute Couture is and who can be called "Couture", a couturier.
Haute couture fashion
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The Eiffel Tower (FR. Tour Eiffel, IPA (FR)) is a metal tower in the center of Paris, its most recognizable architectural landmark. Named after chief designer Gustave Eiffel; Eiffel himself called it simply "the 300-meter tower" (tour de 300 meters). The tower, which later became the symbol of Paris, was built in 1889 and was originally conceived as a temporary structure that served as the entrance arch of the Paris World Exhibition of 1889. The Eiffel Tower is called the most visited paid attraction in the world and the most photographed. For example, in 2006, a person visited the tower, and in its entire history until December 31, a person. Eiffel Tower
The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is considered a symbol of the city, along with the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral. It is located in the Star Square. It was decided to erect by Napoleon Bonaparte in honor of the victory of his great army. The Arc de Triomphe is the largest in the world. Its height is almost 50 m, the height of the vault is 29 m and the width is 45 m. Every year on July 14, military parades with the laying of wreaths at the eternal flame are held here. TRIUMPHAL ARCH
Versailles palace and park ensemble in France, the former residence of the French kings in the city of Versailles, now a suburb of Paris; Many significant events in French and world history are associated with Versailles. The Versailles Palace Park is one of the largest and most significant in Europe. It consists of many terraces. Flowerbeds, lawns, greenhouse, pools, fountains, sculptures are a continuation of the palace architecture. The following kings and members of their families were born in the Palace of Versailles: Philip V (King of Spain), Louis XV, Louis XVI, Louis XVIII, Charles X VERSAILLES
The Louvre Museum is located in the center of Paris, on the right bank of the River Seine, on Rue de Rivoli. The Louvre is one of the oldest museums with rich history collecting artistic and historical relics of France, everything was collected in it, this museum can be called universal. Louvre
Notre Dame Notre Dame Cathedral is located in the heart of the city, on the Ile de la Cité. Notre Dame has been built for over 180 years by many architects. And today we can admire the amazing symmetry and harmony of the building, combined with severity, clarity and balance. In front of the main facade there is a spacious square, from which all the roads of France originate, in confirmation of which there is a bronze plaque with the inscription "0 km". NOTRE DAME
There is probably no person in the world who has not heard of Disneyland Park in Paris. The towers of the Sleeping Beauty pink castle, humming locomotives, old cars, huge life size puppets of Pluto and Mickey Mouse, fragments from famous cartoons flying in the head and the feeling of a fairy tale and a holiday. Disneyland includes five theme parks grouped around Sleeping Beauty Castle, with plenty of rides and attractions. Every child dreams of visiting this place! Disneyland
Nizhny Novgorod
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ISLAND SITE
Paris originated on the Ile de la Cité in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. the tribe of the parisians settled here. In 52 the settlement was conquered by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, named Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually the name Lutetia disappeared from everyday life, it was replaced by the name "city of paris", which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the boundaries of the Ile de la Cité, people settled on the banks of the Seine, occupied the hills closest to it. Now from the medieval buildings of the eastern part of the Cité, only the Notre-Dame Cathedral has survived.
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CATHEDRAL OF THE PARIS MOTHER
The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before that, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple of the 1st century, later - a Christian basilica. The construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian bishop Maurice de Sully took part in drafting the project. The construction has come down to us unfinished. Its two 70-meter towers were to be crowned with spiers.
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The cathedral is a five-aisled basilica (length 130 m, width 105 m, height of vaults 35 m). The entrance overlooks the central high nave, choir and altar. The cathedral houses the largest organ in France (master Clicquot, 18th century, 7800 pipes)
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STAINED GLASS "ROSE"
Of the interior decorations of the 13th century in Notre Dame Cathedral, only stained glass windows of the “rose” - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade - have survived. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of "blessed eternity": around Jesus Christ are the apostles, saints and angels of paradise.
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JOHN XXIII SQUARE
Per south facade Notre Dame Cathedral is the square of John XXIII. At the site of the park, there was first a dump of construction waste, then, from the 17th century, - the residence of the archbishop.
In 1831, the building was demolished, the wasteland was bought by the prefect of the Seine Rambuto, planted trees and flowers there and decorated with the fountain of the virgin (1845).
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CONCIERGERIES
The conciergerie is part of the royal castle of the Capetian era (14th century). The two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by the facades of the 17th century. A hall of warriors, a hall of armed guards, kitchen services, a courtyard have been preserved in the castle from the Middle Ages.
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NEW BRIDGE
The new bridge connects the western part of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. The construction was completed in 1606. The bridge was designed by the outstanding architect Androuet du Cerso. The bridge was so strong that it was never rebuilt.
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Equestrian statue of Henry IV
In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from the pedestal, but in 1818 it was restored by the sculptor Lemo.
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BASILICA SAKRE KOR
When Prussian troops besieged Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Lejanti and Roo de Fleury, vowed that if France wins the war, build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, construction began on the basilica with donations from the people. The project was developed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919.
The basilica was built in the neo-Byzantine style of white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculptures, stained glass windows and mosaics.
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DISABLED HOUSE CATHEDRAL
Frequent wars led to the fact that in the middle of the 17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to begging. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and a temple for them.
The Cathedral of the House of Invalids (architect Aardouen-Mansart) is an example of architectural grace and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. A huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is crowned with a gilded lantern with a spire.
Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.
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PANTHEON
In 1744, a seriously ill Louis XV vowed to build a church in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the Great French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building are supported by the columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by maruflé canvases glued to stone walls. The pictorial cycle, created by Puvis de Chavante and Laurent, is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.
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In the 20th century, at the pillars of the dome of the Pantheon, 4 sculptural groups were installed (counterclockwise): "Jean-Jacques Rousseau" (Bartolomé, 1912), "To the Glory of the Generals of the Revolution" (Gask, 1925), "Orators and Publicists of the Restoration Era" (Markest , 1919), "Diderot and the Encyclopedists" (Treroir, 1925) and "National Convention" (Sicard, 1924)
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FUCO'S PENDULUM
Attached to the light dome of the Pantheon is a working copy of Foucault's pendulum, with which the physicist Leon Foucault in 1851 showed that the Earth rotates. Anyone can be convinced that this is actually the case.
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PALET ROYAL
The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace passed into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace was called the Royal (Palais Royal).
The architectural ensemble of the Palais Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries, which on three sides frame the inner garden, planned by Louis XIV himself.
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AREA OF CONSENT
The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. The construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern look in 1836, when the architect Khitorf installed the Luxor Obelisk in its center - a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet-Ali.
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TUILRY
In the 16th century, there was a dump on the site of the garden, and the clay mined here was used for the production of tiles - in French “tuile”, from which the name Tuileries originated. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.
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TRIUMPHAL ARCH IN THE SQUARE KARUSEL
The Arc de Triomphe was erected in the early 19th century in honor of Napoleon's victories. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The Arc de Triomphe served as a solemn entrance to the emperor's residence - the Tuileries Palace. An equestrian group was installed on the arch, taken by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.
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Louvre
The palace complex of the Louvre took shape over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip Augustus built a castle to protect the approaches to the Ile de la Cité. The fortress was named Louvre (from leovar - fortification). In the 14th century, fortifications were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V, it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence.
In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built in the vacant place, which was constantly expanded over time.
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Until recently, the exposition of the museum occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Courtyard. In 1981, it was decided to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, and the area of the museum expanded significantly. There was a problem of creating a single central entrance. According to the project of the architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, which connected all the departments of the museum with underground passages. It houses a hall, cash desks, wardrobe, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, books.
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LOUVRE MUSEUM
As a museum, the Louvre opened in 1793. The exposition is based on collections of French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum houses more than 25 thousand works of art. The museum is divided into 7 sections: the Ancient East and the art of Islam, Ancient Egypt, ancient Greek, Etruscan and ancient Roman art, arts and crafts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The jewels of the Louvre collection are La Gioconda, Venus de Milo and Nika of Samothrace.
Venus de Milo
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CHURCH SAINT ESTACH
The Church of Saint-Eustache was built in the middle of the 18th century with money raised by merchants in the nearby market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The peculiarity of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with the Renaissance forms of the facade and columns.
Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.
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PALACE OF JUSTICE
In ancient times, this place was the palace of the Roman governors, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. Late 14th century royal palace became the Louvre, and the old residence housed the Parisian parliament. After the Great French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now it houses the highest court in France - the Court of Cassation.
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SAINT CHAPEL
The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel) chapel, built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store the relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ.
Saint-Chapelle consists of two chapels, one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. A service for the royal family was held at the top. The chapel is crowned with a 75-meter spire. The delicate rose on the facade dates back to the 15th century. In the lancet windows, stained-glass windows of the 13th century have been preserved - 1134 scenes depicting biblical subjects.
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MARSOVO FIELD
The Field of Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for the students of the Military School and was named after the god of war. Here took place the first horse races in Paris (1780), the first experiments on aerostatics (1783), the first attempt to climb hot-air balloon(1784). In 1889, Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was laid out here.
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EIFFEL TOWER
The symbol of Paris and France, the famous Eiffel Tower was erected by the engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 as an exhibit at the World Industrial Exhibition.
The 324-meter tower has 3 observation decks: at an altitude of 57, 115 and 276 m. On days of excellent visibility, from the upper observation deck, the gaze can cover an area with a radius of up to 70 km.
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PARIS FROM THE HEIGHT OF THE EIFFEL TOWER
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EIFFEL TOWER ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
In 1985, an illumination system was introduced, in accordance with which the floodlights were installed inside the tower itself so that their directional light emphasized the lightness and elegance of the structure.
Every 7 years, the Eiffel Tower is painted by hand, adding a yellow pigment to the paint, which gives an additional glow in the rays of spotlights and lamps.
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MOULIN ROUGE
The most famous cabaret in Paris opened in 1889. According to legend, the Moulin Rouge scene is the birthplace of the cancan. Ella Fitzgerald, Edith Piaf, Frank Sinatra, Elton John, Yves Montand, Jean Gabin, Charles Aznavour, Liza Minnelli performed on the cabaret stage.
In 1990, the cabaret was completely rebuilt and equipped with last word technology, only the wings of the Red Mill have survived from the old building.
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CENTRAL MARKET FORUM
There used to be swamps here. Then the land was drained and in 1137 a market was opened, which became the commercial center of Paris. Zola described this place in the novel "The Womb of Paris". The Parisians liked the name and stuck with it. In 1969, the market was closed, and in its place the construction of a modern shopping center... The original buildings of glass and metal rose above the ground, and inside a real underground city... The four underground floors of the Forum go down 17.5 meters. Daylight penetrates the glazed galleries through an intricate system of mirrors.
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The forum contains about 250 shops, 20 bars and fast food restaurants, 23 cinemas, a swimming pool, a sports center, a multimedia library, a winter garden, dance and music halls.
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TOWER MONPARNAS
The tower of black glass and steel, built in 1973 by the architects Baudouin, Cassant, de Marian and Szabo, rises 210 m above Paris.The fastest elevator in Europe takes passengers to a height of 195 m in 38 seconds.At 56 and 59 -m floors of the tower are open observation decks. The view of the European skyscraper turned out to be so unnatural that it was decided not to build such high-rise structures in the central part of the city.
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VIEW OF PARIS FROM THE HEIGHT OF THE MONPARNAS TOWER
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DISTRICT DEFANCE
La Defense is a business and commercial district in the northwest of Paris. It was created in 1957-1989. led by the architect Le Corbusier. "Defense" is translated as "defense", and according to the plan of city planners, the area should play the role of a "shield" protecting the historical part of Paris, formed in the 17-19th centuries, from the influence of modern architecture.
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SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT PARIS:
- * Paris in your pocket. - SPb: Publishing house "Welcome", 2008
- * Paris. - Moscow: Publishing house "Vokrug sveta", 2007
- * France. - Moscow: Vokrug Sveta Publishing House, 2007
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