Palace Square and the Neva River Embankment. Where did the Romanovs live

- « Palace Embankment In Petersburg". "Palace Embankment in St. Petersburg". Painted lithograph by F. Perrault. 1841. Palace Embankment (until the end of the 18th century. Upper Embankment, First Upper Embankment, in 1923-44 the Embankment of the Ninth January), ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

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Books

• Winter Palace, Palace Embankment and the Hermitage, Dombrovsky Alexey Viktorovich. We are opening a new series of publications about St. Petersburg under the general title "Center of the Empire". The books are arranged in the form of stories-walks through the main attractions of the Northern capital. In these ... Buy for 692 rubles
• Palace Embankment, Tatiana Alekseevna Solovyova. With this book, the St. Petersburg historian T. A. Solovyova continues her series of works dedicated to the embankments of the northern capital. Together with the author, the reader will take a fascinating walk through ...

The development of the Palace Embankment began to form one of the first in St. Petersburg. Its character was determined by the construction of both the summer and winter residences of Peter I on this bank of the Neva. Due to the proximity to the Admiralty, the highest naval authorities settled here, first of all. A little further, upstream of the Neva, ship masters settled. Among them are Peter Mikhailov (the "tsar-carpenter" Peter I himself), Fedosey Sklyaev, Philip Palchikov, Gavrila Menshikov.

The first buildings on the Palace Embankment, as in the whole city, were made of wood. In the summer of 1705, at a distance of 200 yards from the Admiralty, a wooden house for General Admiral Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin was built according to the project of Domenico Trezzini. Such a distance from the Admiralty was required by the rules of the "fortification esplanade". In the same summer, the construction of a wooden choir for Vice Admiral Cornelius Cruis began. The Apraksin house set the red line for the Palace Embankment, while the Cruys house was located a little further from the river bank, which is low in this place. The gap between these two buildings marked the beginning of Srednyaya Street, which ran parallel to the bank of the Neva.

The next building on the Palace Embankment in 1706 was the Postal Yard. At the same time (in 1706-1708), the wooden house of the Swedish Major Konou, which became the predecessor of the Summer Palace of Peter I, was moved closer to the banks of the Neva. In 1708, the first Winter Palace of Peter I was built on the site of house No. 32. Srednaya Street was extended to its main facade from the Apraksin house. The latter did not last long, since Peter I did not want to have narrow "medieval" passages between houses in St. Petersburg.

At the beginning of the 18th century, the embankment was called the Postal Embankment, since the Post Yard was located in the place where the Marble Palace is now located. Next to it in 1711, the Red Canal was dug, which connected the Neva and Moika. Parallel to it, on the other side of Tsaritsyn's meadow (now the Field of Mars), the Swan Canal was dug.

After the victory at Poltava (1709) and the capture of Vyborg (1710), active stone construction began in St. Petersburg. Not everyone could afford the construction of an expensive stone house, but the residents of the Palace Embankment had enough funds for this. Apraksin's house was rebuilt in stone in 1712, but four years later the admiral wanted more spacious apartments. The new building was moved about 50 meters closer to the river, defining the current red line of the embankment. At the same time, they began to build new luxurious buildings for Raguzinsky, Yaguzhinsky, Olsufiev, Kruis, Golovin. The construction of these palaces was completed by 1721, when the construction of the palace of Dmitry Kantemir (house No. 8) began at the opposite end of the embankment. This was the first project of the young FB Rastrelli in St. Petersburg.

In the same years, the new Winter Palace of Peter I was under construction, which was moved to the Neva itself. For this, the coast was reinforced with wooden walls, and the wharves were equipped. Thus, more than 80 meters were "recaptured" from the Neva. In 1718, between the Neva and the Moika, a canal was dug, called the Winter Canal. Through it, in the alignment of the embankment, engineer Hermann van Boles built a wooden drawbridge Zimnedvortsovy bridge.

The development of the bank of the Neva was regulated by administrative methods. On January 30, 1720, a decree of Peter I was issued:

"The Great Sovereign ... indicated to those who have chambers under the roof of the Neva River down from the Post Yard, so that, of course, in those chambers they would have built 2 or 3, or 1 chambers by this winter and went over to live in them, so that the street following from the Postal Yard to the Winter Tsar's Majesty's house should already be partitioned off into those courtyards when it is ordered. And if someone will be ordered to build a wooden one, yielding from the chambers to the courtyards of twenty and not less than fifteen fathoms, and with those embankment chambers from the river, of course, all the places were properly placed and occupied by nothing ... " Quoted from: 2, p. 6, 7]

One of the decrees of 1721 lists all the owners of land plots on the embankment [Quoted from: 2, p. eight]:

• 1. Postal Yard
• 2.Mr. Prince Volosky
• 3. Jagana Feltin, cochmeister
• 4. Prokofey the Short
• 5. Danilo Chevkina
• 6. Booty Cue ball
• 7. Major Ushakov
• 8. Major Volkova
• 9. Life Guards clerk Andrey Ivanov
• 10. Major Korchmina
• 11. Doctor Areskin
• 12. Petra Moshkova
• 13. Lieutenant Prokofy Murzin
• 14. Prince Vasily Dolgorukov
• 15. Count Musin-Pushkin
• 16. Gavrila Menshikova
• 17. Feodosia Sklyaeva
• 18. His Royal Majesty's Winter House

The surname of Peter Moshkov, who lived on the site of the modern house number 20, remained on the maps of St. Petersburg in the form of the name of Moshkov Lane. The legendary Vasily Korchmin lived nearby, after whom, according to legend, Vasilyevsky Island was named. Most of the buildings existing at that time were built according to standard designs and resembled each other. The houses of Peter I and Admiral Apraksin stood out especially.

Until 1724, the Winter Palace of Peter I expanded along the embankment. The emperor died there in 1725. At the same time, the newlyweds were temporarily settled in the Apraksin mansion: the Duke of Holstein and the daughter of Peter I, Anna.

Petersburg in 1726 is captured in the memoirs of the Frenchman Aubry de la Motre. He wrote about the future Palace Embankment as follows:

"You find yourself on an embankment 800 steps long and 30 wide, dominated by a number of palaces. Russian nobles built these palaces, as well as many other large houses and public buildings that adorned St. Petersburg" [Cit. by: 2, p. 12, 13].

The house of Apraksin was passed on to Peter II in 1728 by will. The young emperor never settled here, he moved with the government to Moscow, where he died of cholera. The Apraksin house was empty all this time, since 1731 it began to be rebuilt under the residence of Anna Ioannovna. Domenico Trezzini began these works, continued at the request of the Empress FB Rastrelli. To accommodate new premises, a neighboring land plot belonging to the Maritime Academy was purchased. By 1735, the new Winter House of Anna Ioannovna was built here, with the main facade facing the Admiralty.

In 1729, the artist H. Marcelius created two drawings that conveyed in sufficient detail the nature of the development of the entire Palace Embankment. They became the first such historical document.

Initially, since 1737, the embankment was called Nalichnaya line. It ended at the border of the city, which was Fontanka in the 18th century. The numbering of houses then went against the flow of the river. On April 20, 1738, the highway was named Upper Embankment Street (Lower was the modern English Embankment). Along with this name, there were others: Upper Embankment Line, Embankment Upper Kamennaya Line, Upper Embankment of the River Line, Embankment of the Neva River Line, Embankment Line, Embankment Street, Nevskaya Embankment or Upper Embankment. In the 1740s and 1790s, the embankment was also called Millionnaya. There were also other names: Millionnaya Embankment Line, Millionnaya Embankment Street, Bolshaya Millionnaya Embankment. The last two options were used together with the "Palace Embankment" until the 1790s.

In 1746 Moshkov lane appeared, facing the Neva between houses 20 and 22 along the Palace Embankment.

The most notable building on the Palace Embankment is the Winter Palace, built in 1754-1762 by the architect FB Rastrelli. After the start of its construction, it turned out that the construction site was separated from the Neva by a very narrow, inconvenient for travel strip of the coast. In this regard, the architect provided the Office of the buildings with a plan and profile of an expanded and additionally fortified wooden embankment.

The plan began to be implemented by the carpenter master I. Erich called from Moscow, who in 1758 presented two projects for strengthening the coast, providing for its facing with stone. Work began in December 1762, until the following May piles were driven into the ground, and on June 7, a team of masons began to lay the foundation for the stone wall. At the same time, the supply of hewn stone for facing began.

The first stone was laid on the embankment in mid-June 1763. The construction work was carried out under the supervision of the stone craftsmen B. Manigotti, G. Liceni and P. Corti. The construction of the stone embankment opposite the Winter Palace was completed, most likely in 1764. But due to miscalculations in the design, very soon it began to collapse. In September 1765, in some places, the coast sagged noticeably due to the fact that the foundation was not given sufficient time to settle. Having discovered these shortcomings, Lieutenant-General N.E. Muravyov and Engineer-Major General I.M. Golenitsev-Kutuzov reported to Catherine II that it was impossible to repair the embankment, it was necessary to redo it.

Most local historians believe that the Palace Embankment was built according to the project of Yuri Matveyevich Felten. This assumption was made at the beginning of the 20th century by I.E. Grabar without supporting it with documents. Therefore, the authorship of Felten was easily refuted by the historian V.I.Kochedamov. He proved that Felten was mentioned in documents related to the stone Palace Embankment only six years after the start of its creation, when the embankment wall from Liteiny Dvor to the Admiralty had already been built.

So who actually became the author of the Palace Embankment project? Various local historians proposed such candidates as J. B. Wallen-Delamot, architect S. A. Volkov. The author of the book "St. Petersburg of the 18th century" K.V. Malinovsky proves that he is the Chancellery's advisor from the buildings of Ignatio Rossi. He refers to documents in which Rossi is directly called the author of the Palace Embankment project and the corresponding estimate. For example, the minutes of the Office of the Buildings on September 7, 1762: " ... Mr. Collegiate Counselor Ignati Rossi who, according to his ability to project the banks and bridges to the structure and the estimate, was"[Quoted from: 4, p. 379]. On September 10, he was appointed head of the" Office of the construction along the Neva River on the Kamenny Bank ".

Rossi's initial project involved the creation of a stone embankment wall and a metal balustrade. The descents to the water were straight stairs with the same metal rails. It was proposed to make the pier in the form of slopes widened by two times. The bridge across the Fontanka was designed as a stone, lifting on chains. Therefore, its central part had to be made of wood.

It should be noted that not only the Palace Embankment was being built at that time. The project provided for the facing with stone of the entire bank of the Neva from the Liteiny Dvor to the Galernaya Shipyard. On February 14, 1763, the first piles were driven into the bank. Already in the process of these works, their volume increased significantly, since it was decided to hammer not one row of piles, but 13. At the same time, round pine logs with a length of eight to ten meters and a thickness of 20 to 30 centimeters were used.

During the construction process, adjustments were made to the project. Since 1764, the descents to the water were created not straight, but oval. Fences "for strength" began to be made entirely of stone. The author of these changes is unknown. It is possible that they were offered to Catherine II by J.-B. Vallin-Delamot, who was then engaged in the reconstruction of premises in the Winter Palace. The museum of the city of Angoulême in France contains a drawing of Delamot with an image of an oval descent to the Neva.

In 1763-1766, instead of the wooden one, the stone Hermitage Bridge was built across the Winter Canal. To improve transport links with the Moscow side, the embankment was extended beyond the Fontanka. At the same time, in 1766-1769, the Laundry Bridge was built across the Fontanka, and in 1767-1768, the Verkhne-Lebyazhy Bridge over the Lebyazhya Canal. The profile of these crossings is organically introduced into the silhouette of the granite embankment. The bridges form a single architectural ensemble with it.

Already in January 1765, Catherine II checked the finished section of the embankment opposite the old Winter Palace. On February 8, it was decided to increase the minimum permissible height of buildings erected here. On April 27, 1766, the Commission from the stone structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow determined this height to be equal to ten fathoms.

The construction of the Palace Embankment was fully completed in November 1767. In the following January, the "architecture assistant" Neelov erected stone pillars connected by iron chains at the slopes in the Neva.

After the completion of the main part of the stone cladding of the left bank of the Neva, Ignatio Rossi resigned. He was replaced by the architect Yuri Matveyevich Felten, who had to deal with the creation of the famous fence of the Summer Garden. The bank opposite it was taken out into the river bed for 20 meters.

Dvortsovaya became the first of the embankments faced with granite in St. Petersburg. It has seven slopes to the water. The granite parapet is interrupted only at the Hermitage Bridge, where the cobblestone shore is surrounded only by pedestals with chains hanging from them.

The construction of new buildings on the Palace Embankment began simultaneously with its facing with stone. In 1762-1769, the building of the Small Hermitage (house No. 36) was added to the Winter Palace, and then the Great Hermitage (house No. 34). In 1762-1785, the Marble Palace was built on the site of the old Postal Yard. At the same time, the Red Channel was filled up. An office building (house no. 6) was erected next to the Marble Palace. In 1784-1788, the Saltykovs' house (No. 4) was built. The neighboring house of Betskoy (No. 2) was also built in the 1780s. In 1783-1787, on the site of the old Winter Palace of Peter I, the architect Quarenghi erected the Hermitage Theater, which was connected to the Great Hermitage by an arch.

On October 6, 1778, the highway was officially called the Palace Embankment. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was also called Bolshoi and Bolshaya Dvortsovaya. The name "Palace Embankment Street" existed until 1822.

In 1799, two buildings on the site of the currently existing house No. were merged into one according to the project of Quarenghi. This was a gift from Emperor Paul I to his favorite Anna Petrovna Lopukhina for her wedding with Prince Gagarin.

At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the Palace Embankment was sketched by the Swedish artist Benjamin Patersen. He created a number of watercolors showing the left bank of the Neva from the Zayachiy and Vasilievsky Islands.

In 1803, the Palace Embankment was connected to the Petersburg side by the floating Trinity Bridge. Initially, it went to the left bank of the Neva in the area Summer garden.

The area between the Saltykovs' house and the service building Marble Palace was originally intended for development. But by the end of the 1810s, nothing had been erected here. In 1818, at the suggestion of the architect K. Rossi, the site became a new square, which connected the Field of Mars with the Palace Embankment. A monument to A.V.Suvorov was erected in its center, the square was named Suvorov.

In the early 1820s, the section of the embankment near the Winter Palace was a construction site. There were barns, sheds, piles of stone, heaps of sand and stacks of boards prepared for the construction of the General Staff building. Nicholas I made a decision on the improvement of this territory, the work was entrusted to the architect Karl Rossi. According to his project, a wide descent to the Neva was arranged here. Rossi planned to decorate it with sculptures of the Dioscuri (youths holding back the horses) and cast-iron lions, copies of those at the Mikhailovsky Palace. The emperor forbade placing the dioscuri here, the architect replaced them with porphyry vases.

In 1827, in connection with the construction of the first floating Trinity Bridge on the embankment, the fence and lanterns were renewed. In 1857-1862, the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace was built (house No. 18), in 1867-1872, the palace of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich (No. 26).

By the 1860s, the development of the Palace Embankment had grown far beyond the Fontanka. At this time, the "overflowing" part of the highway was allocated to a separate Gagarinskaya embankment, which now bears the name of the great Russian commander Mikhail I. Kutuzov. At the same time, the numbering of houses that still exists today was introduced.

After the construction of the first permanent bridge across the Neva, the floating Isaac Bridge was moved closer to the Winter Palace. It was given a different name - Palace.

In 1903, a permanent metal Trinity Bridge was built between the Palace Embankment and Troitskaya Square. In 1915, in connection with the commissioning of the permanent Palace Bridge, the pier with lions was moved to the Admiralty Embankment. The route of the new ferry went right through the old pier.

Of the nineteen houses here, half belonged to the royal family. Thanks to this, until 1917, the Palace Embankment lived according to its own "schedule". In summer, the palaces located here were empty. Their owners left for country estates, with them the numerous retinue left St. Petersburg. At this time, the facades of the houses were put in order, repainted. The pavement was being repaired. In winter, the palaces came to life. The embankment was filled with luxurious carriages, walking public.

On October 6, 1923, the Palace Embankment was renamed into the "Embankment of the Ninth January (1905)". The year was indicated in parentheses, so it was often omitted. This name of the highway was given due to the fact that the order to shoot the peaceful demonstration on January 9, 1905 was given by the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich who lived here.

On September 9, 1941, during an air raid, one of the bombs fell in front of house No. 14, destroying its facade and the facades of neighboring houses No. 12 and 16. After the war, the facades of these buildings were united.

In 1944 the embankment was returned to its former name - Dvortsovaya.

Palace Embankment at Wikimedia Commons

The embankment houses the buildings of the State Hermitage, the Russian Museum, etc.

Connection with the urban road network

Main highways

Streets

Water communications

Transport

Terrestrial public transport only crosses the embankment without walking along it.

There are marinas on the embankment serving aquatic species transport:

Public transport crossing the embankment:

• Stop "Palace Embankment" at the Palace Bridge:

• Stop "Suvorovskaya Square" at the Troitsky bridge:

Construction history

Coastline formation

At the beginning of the 18th century, the swampy bank of the Neva had not yet been fortified, the development was carried out in the depths of the plots, thus the embankment passed approximately in the middle of the block between the present Millionnaya Street and the modern embankment of the Neva and was called Upper embankment... However, already in 1716, due to the expansion of land plots, it shifted to the north: broke the piles along the shallow water of the river and built a new embankment that exists today.

In April 1707, a decree was issued that strictly regulated the allotment of land plots for construction, depending on the official and property status of the applicants. The same decree established the size of land allotments. All of them with a narrow side (from 5 to 12 fathoms) went to the banks of the Neva and were intended only for persons related to the Admiralty Department.

Architectural ensemble

Stone parapets

In 1761, Catherine II conceived grandiose ambitious plans for the renovation of the capital. Urban planning tasks began to come to the fore, and the Commission on the Stone Construction of St. Petersburg and Moscow was established, the chief architect of which was Yuri Felten. Among the first measures to transform St. Petersburg was the replacement of the wooden embankment of the Neva with a stone parapet with landing staircases. In July 1762, a decree followed:

Felten played a decisive role in the implementation of this plan. Time-consuming work on the construction of the granite embankment continued until 1780. The shaky soil hardened with a pile, in some places the earth was added. The mooring stairs were supposed to be straight ledges, but in the final version they acquired an oval shape. " Along the entire coast and piers, although the balustrade was appointed with iron gratings, but ... for strength, the panels were made of cut sea stone". From the same stone they laid out " a pedestrian». « From this to the pedestrian to the houses from under the old road, the weak earth was taken out, and instead of that, the foundation was strengthened into the real depth and fixed with special solid paving". Lanterns on metal poles were installed along the entire embankment. At the same time, near the old Winter Palace, a stone " bridge with arch and balustrade". The bridge across the Fontanka was conceived of stone only at the coast, and in the middle it was wooden, with a lifting device, but for the sake of strength it was built " all stone vaulted", The one that has survived to this day.

sights

Notable residents

• Representatives of the ruling Romanov dynasty - Summer Palace of Peter I, Winter Palace of Peter I, Winter Palace, grand ducal palaces.
• I. I. Betskoy - building 2
• I.A.Krylov (1791-1796) - house 2
• Prince Peter of Oldenburg - house 2
• C. Yu. Witte - building 30
• Tarle, Evgeny Viktorovich (01.1933 - 1955) - building 30, apt. four
• Giacomo Quarenghi - house 32
• Joseph Orbeli - house 32
• K. E. Makovsky - building 30 (house of G. F. Mengden)

For the main part of the Alexander Column (a granite monolith weighing 600 tons), mined in 1830-1832 in the Pyuterlak quarry, a special pier on the Palace Embankment was used. The ship's engineer, Colonel Glasin, was in charge of the transportation, who designed and built a special boat called "St. Nicholas" with a carrying capacity of up to 1,100 tons. A special pier was built to carry out unloading operations. Unloading was carried out onto a wooden platform at the end of the breakwater, which coincided in height with the side of the vessel. The work on mining and delivery was headed by the contractor, the merchant's son V.A.Yakovlev, who was responsible for the entire part of the operation from the beginning to the moment the monolith was unloaded ashore.

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Literature

• Gorbachevich K.S., Khablo E.P. Why are they named so? About the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges in Leningrad. - 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - L.: Lenizdat, 1985 .-- S. 106-107. - 511 p.
• Gorbachevich K.S., Khablo E.P. Why are they named so? About the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges in St. Petersburg. - 4th ed., Rev. - SPb. : Norint, 1996 .-- S. 71-72. - 359 p. - ISBN 5-7711-0002-1.
• City names today and yesterday: Petersburg toponymy / comp. S. V. Alekseeva, A. G. Vladimirovich, A. D. Erofeev et al. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - SPb. : Lik, 1997 .-- S. 40 .-- 288 p. - (Three centuries of Northern Palmyra). - ISBN 5-86038-023-2.

Main highways: Streets of the Admiralty Island: Streets of Kazan Island: Streets - He left long ago. She was dying ... “I am very sorry about her illness,” said Prince Andrey. - He is cold, evil, unpleasant, like his father, grinned. - But Mr. Kuragin, therefore, did not deserve his hand to Countess Rostov? - said Prince Andrew. He snorted several times. “He could not marry because he was married,” said Pierre. Prince Andrew laughed unpleasantly, again reminding his father. - And where is he now, your brother-in-law, may I find out? - he said. - He went to Peter…. but I don’t know, ”said Pierre. “Well, it’s all the same,” said Prince Andrey. - Tell Countess Rostova that she was and is completely free, and that I wish her all the best. Pierre picked up a bundle of papers. Prince Andrew, as if remembering whether he needed to say something else, or expecting Pierre to say something, looked at him with a fixed gaze. “Listen, do you remember our dispute in Petersburg,” said Pierre, remember about ... - I remember, - Prince Andrey hastily answered, - I said that the fallen woman must be forgiven, but I did not say that I can forgive. I can not. - How can you compare it? ... - said Pierre. Prince Andrew interrupted him. He shouted sharply: - Yes, again to ask for her hand, to be generous, and the like? ... Yes, it is very noble, but I am not able to walk sur les brisees de monsieur [to follow in the footsteps of this gentleman]. - If you want to be my friend, never talk to me about this ... about all this. Well, goodbye. So you will convey ... Pierre went out and went to the old prince and princess Marya. The old man seemed more lively than usual. Princess Marya was the same as always, but because of sympathy for her brother, Pierre saw in her joy that her brother's wedding was upset. Looking at them, Pierre understood what contempt and malice they all had against the Rostovs, realized that it was impossible even to mention the name of the woman who could exchange Prince Andrew for anyone else. At dinner the conversation turned to the war, the approach of which was already becoming obvious. Prince Andrew spoke incessantly and argued now with his father, now with Desalle, the Swiss educator, and seemed more lively than usual, with that animation which Pierre knew so well for a moral reason. On the same evening, Pierre went to the Rostovs to carry out his assignment. Natasha was in bed, the count was at the club, and Pierre, having handed over the letters to Sonya, went to Marya Dmitrievna, who was interested in finding out how Prince Andrei had received the news. Ten minutes later Sonya entered Marya Dmitrievna's. “Natasha certainly wants to see Count Pyotr Kirillovich,” she said. - But how, to her, why should I bring him? You have not tidied up there, ”said Marya Dmitrievna. “No, she got dressed and went into the living room,” said Sonya. Marya Dmitrievna only shrugged her shoulders. - When this Countess arrives, she has exhausted me completely. Look, don't tell her everything, ”she turned to Pierre. - And to scold her, the spirit is not enough, so pathetic, so pitiful! Natasha, emaciated, with a pale and stern face (not at all ashamed, as Pierre had expected her), stood in the middle of the drawing-room. When Pierre appeared at the door, she hurried, obviously indecisive, whether to approach him or wait for him. Pierre hurriedly went up to her. He thought that she, as always, would give him her hand; but, coming close to him, she stopped, breathing heavily and lifelessly dropping her arms, in exactly the same position in which she went out into the middle of the hall to sing, but with a completely different expression. - Pyotr Kirilich, - she began to speak quickly - Prince Bolkonsky was your friend, he is your friend, - she corrected herself (it seemed to her that everything had just happened, and that now everything is different). - He told me then to address you ... Pierre silently sniffled as he looked at her. Until now, in his soul he reproached and tried to despise her; but now he felt so sorry for her that there was no room for reproach in his soul. “He’s here now, tell him… to be simple… to forgive me. - She stopped and began to breathe even more often, but did not cry. - Yes ... I will tell him, - Pierre said, but ... - He did not know what to say. Natasha was evidently frightened by the thought that might come to Pierre. “No, I know it's over,” she said hastily. - No, it can never be. I am tormented only by the evil that I did to him. Just tell him that I ask him to forgive, forgive, forgive me for everything ... - She shook all over and sat down on a chair. A feeling of pity, never experienced before, filled Pierre's soul. “I’ll tell him, I’ll tell him again,” said Pierre; - but ... I would like to know one thing ... "What to know?" asked Natasha's glance. - I would like to know if you loved ... - Pierre did not know what to call Anatole and blushed at the thought of him, - did you love this bad person? “Don't call him bad,” Natasha said. “But I don’t know anything…” She began to cry again. And even more a feeling of pity, tenderness and love seized Pierre. He heard tears flowing under his glasses and hoped they would not be noticed. “We’ll say no more, my friend,” said Pierre. It was so strange for Natasha that his meek, gentle, soulful voice suddenly seemed. - We will not speak, my friend, I will tell him everything; but one thing I ask of you - consider me your friend, and if you need help, advice, you just need to pour out your soul to someone - not now, but when it is clear in your soul - remember me. He took and kissed her hand. - I will be happy if I am able to ... - Pierre was embarrassed. - Do not talk to me like this: I am not worth it! Natasha screamed and wanted to leave the room, but Pierre held her hand. He knew he needed something else to tell her. But when he said this, he was surprised at his own words. “Stop it, stop it, your whole life is ahead for you,” he told her. - For me? Not! Everything is lost for me, ”she said with shame and self-deprecation. - Everything is lost? He repeated. - If I were not me, but the most beautiful, smartest and best person in the world, and I would be free, I would be on my knees this minute for your hand and your love. For the first time after many days Natasha cried with tears of gratitude and affection and, looking at Pierre, left the room. Pierre, too, almost ran after her into the hall, holding back tears of emotion and happiness that were pressing on his throat, without falling into his sleeves, put on a fur coat and sat down in the sleigh. - Now where will you order? Asked the coachman. "Where to? Pierre asked himself. Where can you go now? Is it to the club or guests? " All people seemed so pitiful, so poor in comparison with the feelings of tenderness and love that he felt; compared to the softened, grateful look that she had last gazed at him because of her tears. - Home, - said Pierre, in spite of ten degrees of frost, plowing open a bear fur coat on his broad, happily breathing chest. It was frosty and clear. Over the dirty, half-dark streets, over the black roofs, there was a dark, starry sky. Pierre, just looking at the sky, did not feel the insulting baseness of everything earthly in comparison with the height at which his soul was. At the entrance to Arbat Square, a huge space of the starry dark sky opened up to Pierre's eyes. Almost in the middle of this sky above Prechistensky Boulevard, surrounded, strewn with stars on all sides, but differing from everyone by its proximity to the earth, white light, and a long, upturned tail, stood a huge bright comet of 1812, the same comet that foreshadowed, as they said, all sorts of horrors and the end of the world. But in Pierre, this bright star with a long, radiant tail did not arouse any terrible feeling. Opposite, Pierre gazed joyfully, eyes wet with tears, at this bright star, which, as if, with inexpressible speed flying immeasurable spaces along a parabolic line, suddenly, like an arrow piercing the ground, slammed into one place she had chosen, in the black sky, and stopped, her tail lifted vigorously, glowing and playing with her white light between countless other twinkling stars. It seemed to Pierre that this star fully corresponded to what was in his soul, which blossomed into a new life, softened and emboldened.

Palace Embankment- this is the embankment of the Neva in St. Petersburg.

Palace Embankment is located on the left bank of the Neva and runs from the Kutuzov embankment to the Admiralteiskaya embankment. The length of the embankment is 1300 meters.

History of the Palace Embankment

The embankment of the Neva was outlined shortly after the founding of the city, in 1715. In those days it was called Upper.

IN different time the embankment was called by different names: Nalichnaya line, Naberezhnaya Kamennaya line, Millionnaya. Sometimes it was called the Post Office because the Post Yard was located here. After the Winter Palace was built here in 1762, the embankment was officially named as the Palace Embankment. In Soviet times, the embankment for a long time was called the Ninth of January, but in 1944 it was returned to its old name.

Until the middle of the 18th century, all embankments were wooden, and Dvortsovaya became the first stone street. During the reconstruction, it was complemented by picturesque descents to the water, made by the master G. Nasonov according to the project of the architect I. Rossi.

Attractions on the Palace Embankment

• Laundry Bridge
• Summer garden
• Upper Lebyazhy Bridge
• Betsky's house
• Saltykov House
• Marble palace
• Gromov's mansion (Ratkov-Rozhnov)
• Zherebtsova's tenement house
• Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace
• Palace of Vladimir Alexandrovich
• Reserve House of the Winter Palace
• Hermitage Theater
• Hermitage bridge
• The big hermitage
• Small Hermitage
• Winter Palace
• Winter Palace Garden

Palace Embankment (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address, phone number, website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.

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The Palace Embankment can be called one of the most beautiful and famous embankments in St. Petersburg. It is here that the world-famous sights of the Northern capital are located: the Hermitage, the Winter Palace, the Russian Museum, the House of Scientists and many others. This street offers a great view of the Strelka Vasilievsky Island and Peter and Paul Fortress... The Palace Embankment is located on the left bank of the Neva, from the Kutuzov embankment to the Admiralteiskaya embankment. Its length is 1300 meters.

The world-famous sights of the Northern capital are located on the Palace Embankment: the Hermitage, the Winter Palace, the Russian Museum, the House of Scientists and many others. This street offers an excellent view of the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island and the Peter and Paul Fortress.

They began to build up the Palace Embankment quite early - at the very beginning of the 18th century. The architectural tone of the buildings was set by the summer and winter residences of Peter I. People close to the king also began to build their houses on this land. In 1705, the first wooden house of General Admiral Fyodor Apraksin appeared. The building defined the red line of the street, and all other buildings began to be erected along this line.

Palace Embankment

Palace Embankment had many names: Nalichnaya Line, Embankment Verkhnyaya Kamennaya Line, Millionnaya. It was often called the Post Office because the Postal Yard was located here. In 1762 the architect Rastrelli built a royal residence here - the Winter Palace. After that, the embankment, the square and the bridge located nearby were called palaces. Already under Soviet rule, the street was renamed the Ninth January Embankment. But in 1944, the old name was returned to her.

To transport the main part of the Alexander Column, which weighs 600 tons, they used a special pier on the Palace Embankment. Engineer Glasin has developed a special bot capable of lifting loads up to 1,100 tons. In order to unload the monolith, they even built a new pier.

Gradually, the embankment became better and better: it was dressed in granite and made comfortable descents to the river. By the way, until the middle of the 18th century, all St. Petersburg embankments were made of wood. Palace Embankment became the first stone street. Nevertheless, in the 20s of the 19th century, the area around the Winter Palace remained unkempt. It was here that the construction of the General Staff building was planned, and therefore work materials, piles of sand and boards were everywhere, as well as all kinds of warehouses and barns. Nicholas I instructed the architect Karl Rossi to put this place in order. Rossi designed a beautiful descent to the Neva, decorated with sculptures of the Dioscuri and lions. But the emperor was not impressed by the sculptures of young men holding back the horses, so they were replaced with porphyry vases. Subsequently, in connection with the construction of the Palace Bridge, the pier with lions was moved to the Admiralteyskaya embankment.

Palace Embankment has always been famous for the fact that famous and influential people lived here: the Romanov dynasty, poet Ivan Krylov, Count Sergei Witte.