“After several trips to Sochi, my children and I arranged a brainstorming session and below the ideas that were born to me and my children.

I write sparingly, as it is inconvenient on the phone :)

1. The tour should be playful and attractive.

At the end, it is advisable to provide some kind of prizes, albeit symbolic, but children love it.

Slingshots, compasses or other original, with which little encounter in life.

You can print small photos, give out a glue stick and stick in the car after inspection.

Condition: everyone determines the place on the map himself.

3. On the way, let me see a few passing videos about the place where we are going.
But it should be interesting.

Then, for example, I will throw off a rap video about Eurasia for Sergei, which my daughter used to report at school.

Classmates were delighted.

4. One of the tasks should be with a compass.

It's interesting and useful.

The option that the children suggested was with a navigator. It's closer to them :)

that is, we ask the children to find some nearby place themselves.

5. Each stop is several objects.

Children need to be given a fragment of some kind of object (color printout measuring 10 x 10 cm).
They must find this fragment in the living world.
This will instantly increase their attentiveness and allow them to see something that they had not previously paid attention to.

6. If we are talking about Abkhazia, then it will not hurt to listen to national music on the way.

I will say right away that the children did not like this idea :)
But music very clearly allows you to understand the character of a nation.
And 10 minutes in the car, the children will be patient :)

There are many monuments to those who fell in the 1992-1993 war in Abkhazia. You can very briefly tell about this war and give one of the war songs to listen to.

7. Border: long, boring, uninteresting.

At this time, there must be activity.

As an idea: simple crosswords on the topic of the excursion, and it's also very nice to learn a few key or funny words in Abkhaz.

Children then gladly show off them at school.

"Grandfather" in Abkhazian "Babadu"))

It reminded me of something invented in the USSR (only a modern terminator):

Hookah-arba - steam locomotive
Armatur-batyr - Terminator

Saksaul-bala - Buratino
Ik-pook-water - coca-cola

Shaitan-pipe - grenade launcher

Skewer batyr - D'Artanyan

Apa's Nightmare - Baba Yaga
Donkey sailor - zebra

Nibelmes-bala - Dunno
Kyzim-balyk - mermaid

Shaitan-arba - minibus

Autogen Aga - the serpent Gorynych

8. It is possible to envisage small master classes on the way.

For example, prepare simple sachet bags in advance, and in the mountains collect boxwood leaves that soothe, fold and pour right there.
A gift is ready, the child will definitely find someone to give it to. Or some herbs for tea.

9. At the waterfalls, everyone ties ribbons. They are all the same for all.

In advance, the guide prepares ribbons for the children, on the way they sign or draw or otherwise.
This is no longer massive, but its own unique, which will remain in place.

10. The guide should have found places for cool selfies in advance.

These are not the places where mom and dad are photographed in front of the monument.
This is something else that is laid out on the network and shows that the child is prohibitively cool: for example (what my children chose):

photos from the scary thickets,
photo at the edge of the bridge, etc.
the main thing is that they are selected in advance by the guide so that they are safe, not necessarily beautiful, but unique.

And this uniqueness must be emphasized. The children will be grateful to you.

Sergey, I’ll send you in a personal what Maria came up with in Abkhazia.

If you want, post it on the forum, maybe someone wants to use it.

This is where we have exhausted, but the ideas proposed above can be developed further.

The main thing is not to offer them to them as a task, but to present them precisely as an exciting game.

And of course, if there are at least two children. That's more interesting.

If the children are not very large up to 10 years old, then in order to give their parents the peace of mind to enjoy the beautiful views, the children can be offered a treasure hunt. A small map is made for each new place. It makes it possible to find a map of the next place. Etc. The last card indicates the location of the treasure. Moreover, for kids it can be any box with small coins. 100 rubles in a small change (10, 50 kopecks, a ruble each) is a lot - checked :)

Even when traveling to Abkhazia, you should definitely tell children about the traditions and customs of this country, especially those that are not entirely familiar to Russia: traditions associated with hospitality, wedding ceremonies, blood feud, raising children and others. They are completely unique and will show children that there is a completely different life. And this will definitely be remembered, as it knocks out of the usual framework.

For example, what is the meaning of the Abkhaz flag.

Another interesting topic: all children love to make wishes. Even my little 3 year old son, seeing the only star in the sky, tells her which car he would like to receive for his birthday.
Therefore, on excursions for small children, it is worth using this opportunity.
Or you can write your most cherished wish, then make a ship out of a note and send it sailing on Lake Ritsa, and at the moment when the ship reaches the nearest river, the wish will come true! In this case, there can be any legend :) the main thing is not to promise fulfillment right away, as there may be disappointment.

2.3. Excursion route planning

Excursion route represents the most convenient route for the excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence for a given excursion to inspect objects, the availability of sites for the location of the group, the need to ensure the safety of tourists. One of the objectives of the route is to contribute to the fullest disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the planners of the route are the organization of the display of objects in a logical sequence and the provision of a visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.

In the practice of excursion institutions, there are three options for building routes: chronological, thematic and thematic-chronological.

An example of a chronological route is excursions dedicated to the life and work of prominent people.

Excursions related to the disclosure of a specific topic in the life of the city (for example, "Arkhangelsk is under construction", "Literary suburbs", etc.) are organized according to the thematic principle.

All city sightseeing excursions are structured according to the thematic and chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of the material in chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only when each subtopic is disclosed.

Route development- a complex multi-stage procedure that requires a fairly high qualification and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating a new excursion. When developing bus route should be guided by the "Rules of the road", "Charter of road transport", "Rules for the carriage of passengers" and other departmental regulations.

Objects, depending on their role in the excursion, can be used as the main and additional.

The main objects are subjected to a deeper analysis, subtopics of the excursion are revealed on them.

The display of additional objects, as a rule, is carried out when the excursion group moves (transitions) and does not occupy a dominant position.

The route is built according to the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

The display of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passes along the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), that is, the so-called "loops";
- availability of the object (site for its inspection);
- moving or transition between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story;
- availability of comfortable stops, including sanitary and parking spaces for vehicles.

It is recommended to have several options for group movement at the time of the excursion. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams, repair work on city highways. All this should be taken into account when creating various route options.

The development of the bus route ends with the coordination and approval of the passport and route scheme, calculation of the mileage and time of using vehicles.

Bypassing (bypassing) a route

Bypassing (bypassing) a route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour (detour) of the route, the following tasks are set:

1) familiarize yourself with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid;
2) specify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the intended stop sightseeing bus or a walking group;
3) master the bus access to objects or parking lots;
4) conduct the timing of the time required to show the objects, their verbal characteristics and the movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion in general;
5) check the expediency of using the intended display objects;
6) choose the best points for displaying objects and options for the location of the excursion group;
7) choose a method of acquaintance with the object;
8) in order to ensure the safety of the movement of tourists along the route, identify potentially dangerous places and take measures.

Preparation of the control text of the excursion

The text is the material necessary for the full disclosure of all the sub-topics included in the excursion. The text is intended to provide a thematic focus of the guide's story, it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events to which the excursion is devoted, and gives an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, the required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by a creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story, taking into account the requirements of this text (control text).

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence, with the distribution of the presented material by stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and verified by sources material, which is the basis for all excursions on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions that are contained in the control text, the guide builds his own individual text.

Based on the test text, options for excursions on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for various groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work on creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, sub-topics and main issues that were not included in the route of this excursion.

In addition to the materials for the guide's story, the control text includes materials that should form the content of the introductory word and conclusion of the excursion, as well as logical transitions. It should be user-friendly. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.

Acquisition of the "tour guide portfolio"

"Tour guide's portfolio"is the symbolic name of a set of visual aids used during the excursion. These aids are usually placed in a folder or a small portfolio.

One of the tasks of the "tour guide portfolio" is to reconstruct the missing links in the show. In excursions, it often happens that not all the objects necessary for the disclosure of the topic have been preserved. For example, sightseers cannot see a historic building that has been destroyed over time; the village destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes it becomes necessary to give an idea of ​​the original view of the place where the building being examined (residential area) was built. For this purpose, for example, photographs of a village or a vacant lot, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, a residential area are used. The task may also arise to show what will be at the inspected place in the near future. In this case, excursionists are shown projects of buildings, structures, monuments.

During excursions it is necessary to show photographs of people who are related to this object or events associated with it (for example, portraits of members of the Wolfe family - friends of Alexander Pushkin - during an excursion around the "Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga Region").

The excursion is made more convincing by the demonstration of copies of original documents, manuscripts, literary works, about which the guide tells.

And one more important task of visual aids on excursions - give a visual representation of the object(plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photographs, models, dummies).

The "guide's portfolio" includes photographs geographic Maps, diagrams, drawings, pictures, product samples, etc. Such "portfolios" are created, as a rule, for each topic. They are a constant companion of the guide and help to make any journey into the past and present more exciting and rewarding. The content of the "portfolio" is dictated by the topic of the excursion.

The visual aids of the "tour guide portfolio" should be user-friendly. Their number should not be large, since in this case the manuals will distract excursionists from examining the original objects, scatter their attention.

The members of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, select from the visual materials at their disposal the most expressive ones that can help the guide in covering the topic. The technique of demonstrating visual aids is tested on the route. Then the recommendations on the use of the materials of the "portfolio" are included in the methodological development.

Each exhibit included in the "portfolio" is accompanied by a leaflet with explanations or reference material. Sometimes explanations are glued to the back of the exhibit. This annotation serves as a source material for the guide when showing the exhibit to sightseers.

The list of visual materials of a certain topic included in the "guide's portfolio" should be updated throughout the development of a new excursion topic.

Museums, exhibitions, archives provide great assistance in the selection of visual materials for the "portfolio" of excursion organizations.

Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

The success of the excursion is in direct proportion to the methodological techniques of presentation and story used in it. The choice of this or that methodological method is dictated by the tasks set for the excursion, the informational richness of a particular object.

The work of the creative group at this stage consists of several parts: selection of the most effective methodological techniques for highlighting sub-topics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), the time of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), features showing; determining the methods of preserving the attention of tourists and activating the process of perceiving excursion material; development of recommendations on the use of expressive means in the speech of the guide; selection of the rules of the excursion technique. It is equally important to determine the technology for using methodological techniques.

Determination of the excursion technique

The excursion technique unites all organizational issues of the excursion process. Authors bus excursion, for example, they carefully think over when and where excursionists go out to inspect an object, how excursionists move between objects, how and when exhibits of a "guide's portfolio" are shown, etc. Relevant entries are made in the column of methodological development "Organizational instructions". These instructions are also addressed to the bus driver. For example, where to put the bus, where you need to go slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions refer to excursionists (observance of safety rules on the street, getting off the bus, accommodation in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of breaks in the excursion; on observance of the time allotted for coverage of sub-topics, organization of answers to questions from tourists; on the technique of using the "portfolio" exhibits; about the order of laying wreaths, etc. No less important are the instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of tourists on the route, conducting a story while the bus is moving.

Drawing up a methodological development

Methodological development - a document that defines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and technique of conducting should be applied to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the features of the objects on display and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: prompt the guide on the way to reveal the topic; equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of display and story; contain clear recommendations on the organization of the excursion; take into account the interests of a certain group of tourists (if there are excursion options); combine the show and the story into a single whole.

Methodological development is drawn up on each topic of the excursion, including with a differentiated approach to the preparation and conduct of the excursion. In the variants of the methodological development, the age, professional and other interests of the tourists, the peculiarities of the methodology of its implementation, are reflected.

The methodological development is formalized as follows:

The title page contains data: the name of the excursion institution, the name of the topic of the excursion, the type of excursion, the length of the route, the duration in academic hours, the composition of the excursionists, the names and positions of the compilers, the date of the approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.
- on the next page, the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram indicating objects and stops during the excursion are described.

Methodical development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not distributed among the columns. For example, what the recommendations for a guide look like on the construction of an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic - "Tyumen - the gateway to Siberia": "First of all, you need to get to know the group, name the guide and driver, then remind the excursionists about the rules of behavior on the bus, warning them that they will be able to ask questions and share their impressions when there is time for this. part of the introduction should be bright, emotional. It can begin with poems by AS Pushkin or a quote - the statement of the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh land. " The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the starting point of the excursion is determined by the methodological development.

Table 2.1

An example of a methodological development of an excursion

Route	Stop	Display objects	Time	Name of subtopics and list of main questions	Organizational guidelines	Methodical instructions
New Basmannaya st. - M. Razgulyay - Baumanskaya st.	On the way	New Basmannaya street; cathedral of st. Paul; no. 16 on Novaya Basmannaya st., no. 2 on Spartakovskaya st.		Subtopic I: Pushkinskaya Moscow 1. Former German settlement - one of the aristocratic districts of Moscow in the 18th-19th centuries. 2. New Basmannaya st. - corner of Pushkinskaya Moscow	The story is told in slow motion of the bus	1. Use the technique of reporting, giving a description of the former German settlement. Observe the synchronicity of the story and display of objects located on different streets 2. Characterizing the appearance of the German settlement the end of the 18th century, when the Pushkins settled here, use the layout and development of Novaya Basmannaya Street for display. Use in the story, the names of the lanes along which the route passes, to characterize the past. Mention the surviving on the banks of the river. Yauza houses of nobles (Lefortovo Palace, Slobodskoy Palace, etc.)
Baumanskaya st., 8/10	Stop in the courtyard of the school. A.S. Pushkin number 353	School building them. A.S. Pushkin, Memorial plaque with a bas-relief of Pushkin the Child on the facade of the building		3. Place of birth of the poet 4. "My ancestry" 5. Childhood of the poet	Get the group out of the bus, bring to the school building, stop at the memorial plaque. Then bring to the monument A.S. Pushkin, placing the group so that you can see the school yard, the monument, buildings to the left and right of it	3. Verbal reconstruction of this corner of the German settlement at the end of the 18th century. Show: the relief of the school courtyard (the dried-up bed of the Kukui stream), preserved wings (house 8), reminiscent of the Skvortsov estate, in which A.S. Pushkin was born. Revealing questions 4, 5, cite excerpts from the works "My genealogy" and "Guests gathered at the dacha." Use the "guide's portfolio" (views of old Moscow, Lefortovo, portraits of relatives A.S. Pushkin). Variant of the logical transition of the topic: "VL Pushkin - influenced the formation of the future poet's literary tastes"

The effectiveness of the methodological development depends on the correct filling of all seven columns. Development size - 6-12 typewritten pages. The length of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.

In the column " Excursion route"is the starting point of the excursion and the end of the I subtopic.

In the column " Stops"those points of the route are called where the exit from the bus is provided; walking tour... You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example: "Volga River Embankment" or "Central Square". It would be more correct to write: "The Volga river embankment near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov".

In the column " Display objects"list those memorable places, the main and additional objects that show the group at a stop, during the move or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a suburban excursion, the objects of display can be a whole city, village, urban-type settlement, and when traveling along the route, visible parts from a distance (a tall building, a tower, a bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or a square.

Count " Duration of the excursion". The time that is called in this column is the sum of the time spent on showing this object, the guide's story (the part when there is no show) and on the movement of excursionists along the route to the next stop. near the objects being inspected and between objects.

Count " Name of subtopics and list of main questions"contains short entries. First of all, a subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, at a given period of time, at the objects listed in column 3. sightseeing tour one of the subtopics is called "Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden." The main issues that are covered in this sub-topic are "Swedes in Ukraine" and "Battle of Poltava". The subtopic "New to the old city" reveals the main issues: "Housing construction in the city", "Development of culture and art", "Construction of a sports complex". The number of main questions included in the subtopic should not exceed five.

In the column " Organizational guidelines"place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of sightseers on the route and the fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements, the rules of conduct for participants in the excursion in memorial sites and at monuments of history and culture. It also sets out the requirements for sightseers for nature protection and fire safety rules. include all the questions that are included in the concept of "Technique of conducting an excursion." Here is an example of a recording: "The group is positioned so that all tourists can see the entrance to the building." include instructions on sanitary stops, recommendations for the protection of nature, rules for the movement of tourists at stops, especially near highways in order to ensure their safety.

When conducting industrial excursions, visiting working shops, recommendations are given on safety precautions, excerpts from the instructions of the administration of the enterprise, the mandatory rules of behavior for excursionists at the enterprise, places are called where pauses are made in the story and display.

Count " Methodical instructions"defines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide on the method of conducting the excursion, gives instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion" Memorial complex "Khatyn" on the object "Line of defense of the 100th rifle division" two methodological instructions are given: " When disclosing the subtopic, the method of verbal comparison is used, a certificate is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR "and" The story of the battles is conducted using the methodological method of visual reconstruction of the place where the hostilities took place. "

It should indicate where and how the methodology is applied. This column also outlines a variant of a logical transition to the next subtopic, gives recommendations on displaying materials from the "guide's portfolio", includes tips on using the movement of sightseers relative to objects as a methodological technique (for example, "After observing the object and the guide's story, tourists can independently continue their acquaintance with object "," The guide should explain the terms ... "," When showing the battlefield, it is necessary to orient the excursionists ... ", etc.).

Drawing up an individual text

The excursion practice proceeds from the fact that the basis of the guide's story is customized text, which determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide to logically build his story. Each guide composes such a text independently. The reference text is the basis for the individual text.

All individual texts with a good control text will have identical content, but different turns of speech, different words, different sequence in the story, there may even be different facts confirming the same position. Naturally, all guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.

You should not hide the control text from those who are developing a new excursion for themselves, since a creative group of the most trained guides worked on the control text, and the guide preparing a new topic for himself will not be able to achieve what was done before him by collective efforts. After the preliminary work of the guide on a new topic is completed (collection, study and primary processing of the material), he is allowed to familiarize himself with the control text. This will help him select material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used to highlight the sub-topics, draw the right conclusions on the sub-topics of the excursion and in general. The reference to the control text, made on time, guarantees a higher level of preparation of the beginner for the excursion.

The main difference between the individual text and the control text is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full accordance with the methodological development of the excursion. The material is placed in the order in which the objects are shown, and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the sub-topics. The individual text compiled in accordance with these requirements is a story ready for "use". The individual text contains a full statement of what should be told during the excursion. When presenting the essence of historical events, there should be no abbreviations or assessments of their significance.

It is also not allowed to mention facts without dating them, referring to sources. At the same time, the text of this type reflects the peculiarities of the speech of the "performer". The guide's story consists, as it were, of separate parts tied to visual objects. These parts are combined by conclusions for each subtopic and logical transitions between subtopics (and objects). In an individual text, each subtopic is a separate story, suitable for use during the excursion.

When composing an individual text, its author should not forget about the logic of the sounding speech, about the fact that the word and the image (object) act, as a rule, on the feeling of sightseers synchronously. Striving for liveliness in the presentation of material on excursions should not lead to attempts to entertain tourists. When deciding on the combination of cognitive and entertaining elements on an excursion, the matter should be resolved according to the formula: maximum cognitive and minimum entertaining. The question of legends has a special place in the preparation of the excursion. Only legends can be used in excursions.

In terms of their content, both texts (control and individual) coincide. And this means that in the presence of a correctly composed test text, all guides who have mastered this topic have "standard" excursions. They are the same in their content, they coincide in the assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions that they draw on individual sub-topics and on the topic as a whole.

While analyzing the same visual object, the guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a standard.

However, with equal content, the guides can use different turns of speech, they can present the recommended facts, figures and examples in a different sequence. The individuality of the excursion lies in the fact that the guides leading the excursion on the same topic may have varying degrees of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use different presentation techniques and forms of story. The same statement can be disclosed in different examples. The text should be written in the first person and express your personality.

Storytelling and individual text

The success of the story depends on how close the individual text is to the generally accepted speech, how it takes into account the speech characteristics of that particular guide to whom this text belongs. "The degree of influence on our consciousness of various texts depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, novelty of the topic and information, psychological attitude of the author to influence or its absence, etc.)." However, speech, its properties, structure, and features play an equally important role.

The individual texts of almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarities in the content and presentation of the material, in the assessment of historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all the guides are individual. How does the individuality of the guide find its expression? All guides, conducting excursions on the same topic, tell the same thing, but speak differently. Their story is the same in content, but different in form, use of vocabulary, and emotional level.

The method requires the guide to remember the significant difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide when compiling an individual text.

During the excursion, the guide "rushes" objects that need to be shown to the group. The two or three hours allotted for the excursion, the stay of the tourists on their feet and in the open air, force the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, and concisely talk about the events connected with them.

The duration of the story should not exceed the time that the monument is capable of capturing the attention of sightseers. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not observed, then no liveliness of the story, no methodological techniques can restore the attention of the tourists. It is no coincidence that the term "object language" is used in the methodological literature. One of the tasks of the guide is to make the object "speak".

The technique of using individual text

The guide, just like the lecturer, can use his own individual text during the excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended that they transfer the content of the story to special cards, where brief information about the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, and historical dates are recorded. For each subtopic, several cards are filled out (usually according to the number of main questions).

Using the cards, the guide does not read their content during the excursion, but only by looking into them, he recalls the content of the story. If there is a significant break between objects during the excursion, the guide can look at the cards again, refresh the story material in his memory. Most often, cards are used as a synopsis of a story in preparation for an excursion. Exceptions are those cards on which quotations and large excerpts from works of art are entered, the content of which forms the basis of the literary montage technique. On excursions, they are read in full.

The card should be easy to use. A small size is recommended, about a quarter of a sheet of thick writing paper, suitable for long-term use. The cards have serial numbers and are added before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of the revealed subtopics.

The use of cards on excursions is the right of every guide, but with the acquisition of experience, they no longer need to. The fact that the cards are at hand and can be used at the right time gives the guide confidence in his knowledge.

The presence of an individual text does not mean that all of it must be memorized by heart and conveyed to the sightseers word for word.

Logical jumps

The creators of the excursion are faced with the task of linking the content of all subtopics into a single whole. It is solved with the help logical transitions, which should be considered as an important, although not of independent significance, part of the excursion. Well-composed logical transitions give the excursion harmony, ensure consistency in the presentation of the material, and are a guarantee that the next subtopic will be perceived with interest.

Often in excursions, when moving from one subtopic to another, they use formal (constructive) transitions... Formal is a transition that is not related to the content of the excursion and is not a "bridge" from one part of the excursion to another. (For example, "Now let's go through the square", "Now we will follow on with you", "Let's take a look at another remarkable place"). However, one should not deny the legitimacy of using such transitions in general and consider them one of the mistakes in excursion work.

In those cases when the movement between objects takes a few seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (For example, "Now look here" or "Please pay attention to the monument located nearby"). Such transitions are inevitable when viewing expositions in museums and at exhibitions, where halls, thematic sections and separate stands dedicated to various sub-themes are located close to each other. Constructive passage, not being a "transitional bridge" between sub-themes, directs excursionists to familiarize themselves with the next object.

More efficient logical transition, linked to the theme of the excursion... Such a transition can begin before the group moves to the next stop, or it can end already at a stop near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much by the features of the excursion object, but by the content of the excursion itself, the subtopic after which this transition is made.

The duration of a logical transition is usually equal in time to the movement (transition) of the group from object to object, but it can be more or less.

Acceptance (delivery) of excursions

In case of a positive assessment of the control text and methodological development of the excursion, as well as in the presence of a completed "tour guide's portfolio" and a route map, the date of acceptance (delivery) of a new excursion is assigned. Delivery of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. If he is absent due to illness or other valid reasons, the excursion is taken by one of the members of the creative group. In the acceptance (delivery) of the excursion, the heads of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and the methodological section, where the excursion was prepared, as well as heads of other sections, take part.

Acceptance (delivery) of the excursion is of a business nature, is carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of views, identification of shortcomings. Participants in the excursion must be familiarized with its control text and methodological development, route diagram, contents of the "guide's portfolio", list of used literature, etc.

Tour approval

With a positive conclusion about the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of calculating the cost and determining the rate of return of a new excursion, the head of the excursion institution issues an order approving a new excursion topic and a list of guides allowed to conduct it.

Guides who took an active part in the development of the topic and listened to on the route or during the interview are allowed to work. The conclusion of the interview is made by the methodologist of the excursion-methodical department.

All other guides, who later independently prepared this topic, conduct a test excursion in the usual way. Guides (regardless of work experience) are allowed to conduct an excursion on a topic that is new to them only if they have an individual text after listening and issuing the corresponding order.

conclusions

Mandatory documentation on the topic. Preparing a new excursion topic is a complex process. This work is considered complete when all the necessary documents have been prepared. Documentation on excursion topics is stored in the methodological office.

Table 2.2.

Documentation required for each topic

P / p No.	Document's name	Document content
1	List of related literature	All books, brochures, articles that were used in the preparation of this excursion are listed
2	Cards (passports) of objects included in the route	Information characterizing the excursion object. Type of monument, its name, event with which it is associated, location, short description, authors and time of object creation, sources
3	Control text of the excursion	Selected and verified by sources material, revealing the topic. The content of the text reveals sub-themes and main issues, serves as the basis for the introduction, conclusion, logical transitions
4	Individual texts of the guides	The material presented by a specific guide in accordance with the methodological development, the structure of the excursion, its route. Gives a characterization of objects and events
5	Route scheme (map)	A separate sheet shows the path of the group. The beginning and end of the route, objects of display, places for their observation, stops for the group's exit to the objects are indicated
6	"Guide's portfolio"	Folder with photographs, diagrams, maps, drawings, drawings, reproductions, copies of documents, samples of products of enterprises, other visual aids
7	Methodical development on the topic	A recommendation for an excursion. Methodological techniques of display and story are called, the sequence of demonstration of objects, visual aids, the technique of conducting an excursion, taking into account a differentiated approach to excursionists, is determined.
8	Excursion materials	Materials (edit)

* Calculations are based on average data for Russia

So what do you need for this?

Suppose you already have a desire - for a start, it would be nice to decide what exactly you will sell - in other words, to develop interesting excursion tours.

You should not focus on the sights that everyone already knows about - choose a route through places that will be a discovery even for the indigenous people.

As the experience of Mr. Finberg shows, a significant proportion of clients (oddly enough) will be local residents who want to discover something new.

As a rule, true fans of their beloved city do not have any problems with the selection of such little-known sights - an unusually beautiful building (not necessarily old), a picturesque corner in the park - anything can be included in your route if it shows the familiar city from an unexpected side.

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For example, my friend told how she found three cherry blossoms somewhere on the outskirts of Rostov-on-Don in a private garden (!) - and with her light hand at least ten acquaintances went to that memorial house to admire the flowering of this beautiful cult Japanese wood.

And each of your friends has several of their own mini-discoveries, which they will be happy to share with you.

In general, with sufficient desire, you should not have problems with the formation of various routes for both guests of the city and for its residents.

To attract young people, you can combine excursions with themed quests that are currently at their peak. Unite tourists in groups and let them complete tasks and search certain places... Such excursions are of course pedestrian.

Ready-made ideas for your business

So our tours have been formed. However, before you sell them, it would be a good idea to decide who to sell - in other words - where to look for customers.

In our age of information technology, the Internet, or rather social networks, will become the main source of your customers.

Other ways to acquire customers are cooperation with local travel agencies, schools and even branches of Western companies, which sometimes may need your services as entertainment program for guests.

Advertising in traditional media is less effective (and more expensive). But you may well suggest interesting idea for reportage or article. The media are constantly looking for interesting topics for a report or article and, although they prefer to pay for them, realizing that they will not be able to get money from you, they will gladly use you as an expert and source interesting information about the city.

Creation of a new interesting excursion- it's not easy. It is necessary to break the planned event into two equal stages - this is the preparation and conduct of the excursion.

To develop a new excursion route, you need to decide on the purpose of the excursion, the type (in terms of content - overview, thematic; by the way of movement - pedestrian, bus) and objects of display. The text of the excursion, its duration and richness of facts will depend on this. This should be done not by one person, but by a creative group, which should include from three to seven people.

First steps to planning your excursion

When the objects are selected, we start collecting information on each of them and draw up the most convenient route for transitions (crossings, etc.). Now, from a large amount of information on objects, you need to compose an excursion text for each of them and an object card. Such a card is an irreplaceable part of a guide's portfolio; it contains brief information about the object and, possibly, a photograph of it.

After the excursion texts to the objects have been written, it is easier to create an interesting and concise excursion text, to connect the parts with competent transitions.

After the preparation of the materials, a methodological development of the excursion is done - this is a document with a description of the excursion, its main parameters. The manual includes a topic, a route map, its length, type of excursion, safety rules, purpose, objectives and time of the course. It also includes a table - an excursion plan:

• route;
• display object;
• stop;
• time in minutes;
• listing of main questions, titles of subtopics;
• organizational instructions;
• methodical instructions (logical transitions).

After that, the manual must be assured by the management, it serves as a confirmation of the quality of the excursion.

Tour guide's portfolio

Before conducting a tour, you need to collect a “guide's portfolio”. This is the professional name for a set of visual aids to facilitate guided tours. These can be reproductions of paintings, photographs of people related to a given topic, schematic maps depicting enterprises or military operations, geographical maps, geological samples, product samples, tape recordings and other materials that help saturate the excursion.

Requirements for materials

The criteria for the selection of visual material are low: preservation, unusualness, expressiveness, the need for display and cognitive value. These are the main qualities of these criteria. It is very important to have good materials on objects that have not survived to this day or have been greatly modified. This will simplify the perception of the material. It should be borne in mind that reproductions, maps and photographs must be on a cardboard base, the image must be clear with a size of at least 18 * 24, preferably 24 * 30 cm.

Now that all the material is ready, let's figure out how to properly conduct a tour. Usually, each guide has his own excursion technique, based on personal experience and observations. But the method of conducting an excursion is a whole system of requirements and tasks, methods of storytelling and showing. All this is necessary to achieve maximum digestibility of the material. A well-developed methodology is a kind of list of rules for a guide when conducting a specific excursion. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that the methods of conducting the excursion should differ slightly depending on the age characteristics of the group and the interest of the tourists.

For schoolchildren, it is better not to overload the text with facts, it will be more interesting for them to see visual material and hear an interesting legend or story. It is also worth preparing for questions, a lot of them come from children. It is important to be able to keep the attention of excursion schoolchildren. To do this, you need to ask questions: "Do you know?"; “Have you heard about ...?”; "Do you like ...?" and so on. In this case, the guide has a dialogue with the tourists, and so you can for a long time.

Sightseers of the older generation, as a rule, behave quietly and calmly, and it is quite difficult to understand whether the story is interesting to them or not. In the event that these are not professors and scientists, it is advisable not to overload the text of the excursion with a large number of dates and numbers. Always allow time for photographing, just five to seven minutes will be enough.

Receptions of guides

There are generally accepted excursion techniques that include storytelling and demonstration techniques. Demonstration techniques allow you to draw the attention of tourists to the most important details, to evaluate the general appearance of the object and its combination with the environment. Storytelling techniques, in turn, help to recreate a more accurate picture of events in the imagination of the tourists. Key words: "Imagine ...", "It was ... a year ..", etc.

Safety regulations

But besides interesting material and a pleasant guide, the event must be safe.

Safety during excursions, especially walking tours, is very important. The basic rules of safety and behavior on the route can be found in the methodological development of the excursion. But the guide is obliged to inform the group about the safety precautions immediately before the excursion. Tell about all the nuances of the route. The most banal phrases about not sticking your head out the bus window and jumping out on the move must be heard. Since the responsibility for the group during the excursion is assumed by the guide, it is his task to tell about the safety rules.

What to warn tourists about

Particular attention should be paid to road crossings and crossings (cable bridges, caves, tunnels, etc.). If the excursion is carried out in nature, then you should warn about the fire safety rules. It is also necessary to tell that you cannot try mushrooms, touch various insects and animals with your hands, drink water from open reservoirs and walk barefoot.

It is worth treating household items with care local population and the surrounding nature at the site of the excursion. In addition, the excursions must be allowed to persons who have undergone preliminary instructions and medical examination, as well as people who do not have contraindications related to health.

Today it is difficult to surprise people with familiar sights, ocean shores and palm trees are already a thing of the past. Now tourists are interested in all sorts of delights, which include industrial or social tourism.

What is the secret of popularity? Many office workers have no idea how factories work, and some tend to look at production. Moreover, this is a fashionable destination that has practically no competition, which is one of the few types of tourism activities for industrial zones or post-industrial centers.

Industrial excursions became especially popular in the early 2000s, when many “stopped” industrial facilities and disbanded military units appeared. Today everything began to change dramatically: people again felt the desire to develop, travel. Moreover, the start came from where many did not expect, the industry was "warmed up" by games. Metro 2033, the cult series Fallout 4 and the newly opened Stalker did the main thing, showed the audience the dark beauty of the post-industrial world.
If you are from Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk or any industrial city, you can start working on your customer base.

Make an interesting, and most importantly, unusual route for an industrial excursion, not difficult. Any city, especially a large one, has industrial zones in addition to historical sights, museums and architectural monuments. Old, abandoned facilities, oil and coal mines or full-time enterprises look especially exciting.

Objects for industrial tours

Take a closer look at your city, and you will see many places that will pique the interest of guests. Moreover, it can be the capital or distant and almost forgotten towns.

Examples for conducting industrial excursions in Russia:

• Khavrinsky unfinished (Moscow): the object is located in Moscow and attracts the attention of extreme lovers with legends and myths. Today the ruins are fenced in and guarded. You can get into the abandoned hospital building only with special permission.
• Blue Crystal (Moscow): a high-rise building that was being built as a training and business center. The object can be interesting for excursions.
• Old Nevyansk plant (Sverdlovsk region): an object of the metallurgical industry. It is currently one of the attractions for guests of the region.
• "Fallen factories" (Baikalsk, Chapayevsk, Asbest): excursions are conducted to the places of enterprises that have ceased to exist.
• Metallurgy (Magnitogorsk): a region of heavy engineering, has many objects that are of interest all over the world.

How to organize an excursion tour to the industrial zone, where to start

To organize such an excursion, it is imperative to develop a route. Knowing the city well, this is quite easy to do. You just need to highlight a few starting points for a self-guided tour and a walking tour. After completing the roadmap with a list of routes, you need to place it on the site.

Website creation. An important point for any tourist activity. An important point- the site should offer several tours with different routes.

Tours to the territory of factories and inactive industrial "attractions" differ significantly in organizational matters. This is due to the convenience of the entrance, the ability to spend a certain amount of time directly on the spot and the safety of tourists. In the emergency buildings of the old workshops, it is better not to linger and follow the route.

How to organize an excursion to an operating enterprise

It is necessary to request permission from the plant management for possible visits to the enterprise by a group of tourists. This is due to the need to obtain a pass. The probability of success in this case will not be 100%, and the time of the excursion is chosen by the company, as well as the responsible person from the staff of its employees.

When planning an excursion, it is imperative to study the history of the development of the plant, which is an excursion object. The leader of the group should understand the equipment and know what each object is, possess accurate information and clearly answer questions.

An important point is the form of ownership of the object, if it is a state-owned company, it is quite possible to obtain permission to conduct tours.

Excursions to inactive objects

Tours can be scheduled for a specific date or be conducted on an individual basis, so you need to set a collection date for tourists.

Development of an event plan. Leading the group must be harmonious. Attention should also be paid to the arrangement of people, the movement of the group. It is important that all visitors can hear the story of the guide, see everything interesting places and features of the object.

Types of excursions, in detail about the main

There are three types of excursions to the industrial zone:

• External: the tour is conducted in the city and near an industrial facility. This view is classified as informational, since it does not allow you to see the work of an industrial company from the inside. Such excursions are interesting for guests of the city who strive to see all the sights of the region in a short period of time.
• Domestic: a group of tourists has the opportunity not only to view objects from afar, but also to plunge into the atmosphere of the company. It is worth noting that you can visit the industrial zone only after a preliminary agreement with the company's management. It is also necessary to take into account the possible availability of an access system at the enterprise.
• Stalkers: the group is invited to visit abandoned enterprises, factories, factories, military bases. In Russia, stalker excursions are also held in old "extinct" villages.

Excursions to an industrial zone are the best marketing tool for a specific area. That is why it is worth considering this direction not only for private entrepreneurs, but also for local authorities in order to attract investors to a certain object.

How much money is needed to start

To organize the activity, you will need to invest from 10 thousand rubles. The experience of "experienced" entrepreneurs shows that industrial tourism does not require significant costs. The exception is autotours, you need a car with four-wheel drive and an average level of comfort in the cabin. The costs in this case will be from 700 thousand rubles, they include the price of the vehicle. The most difficult thing is to plan the route along the "abandoned". By this word should be understood not only enterprises, but also deserted villages. It is also an ideal place for organizing on the ground. You will need a full-fledged camping or camping if you are planning a tour for several days. In this case, the costs will exceed 1 million rubles.

The simplest version of city excursions will require no more than 5 thousand at the start of the activity. Low investment should be compensated for by the entrepreneur's organizational talent, since absolutely all the work will be on him.