Memorable places of interest. The most interesting sights of Russia

In this section you will find the main sights of Russia with photos and descriptions, addresses, phone numbers, location on the map. You can see the opening hours, go to the official website, find out how it is more convenient to get to public transport and a private car.

Russia is famous for its natural monuments and cultural heritage. Cities with a long history sometimes fascinate with their architecture, churches and temples, and you can learn a lot about the development of regions, their participation in the general fate of the country, as well as about the life of several generations of local residents in local history museums, the largest of which have very rich collections of antiques ...

Tourist routes are not limited to Moscow, St. Petersburg and the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia. Excursion rest v Krasnodar Territory, in the Urals, Altai, Caucasus and other regions it is interesting all year round. Plus in the summer black sea coast- these are not only beaches, but also interesting classical and modern architecture, natural attractions and, of course, the Sochi Olympic Park.

If you are planning a trip to Russia in winter, you can stop at one of the major regional centers and include in the program walks along the central streets with visits to museums, exploring the nature of the surrounding area - for example, national parks and reserves, which can be reached by car or by bus. Famous ski resorts are located near Sochi, in Altai and the Caucasus, in the suburbs of Yekaterinburg.

Where to visit in Russia

Russia: useful information

Sights of Russian cities

Speaking of Russia, foreigners represent the endless expanses of forests and blue Lakes, as well as the most recognizable symbols of the capital - Red Square with the Kremlin and St. Basil's Cathedral.

Of course, pedestrian and bus routes in Moscow, the main attractions are not limited: tourists can see more than a dozen cathedrals, get acquainted with the expositions of the Tretyakov Gallery and several museums. With children, they usually visit the Moscow Zoo and one of the city's huge water parks.

For European architectural beauties, they go to St. Petersburg: to have time to see the most famous palace and park ensembles and houses of writers in ancient buildings, it will take at least a week. Petersburg museums keep huge collections of royal treasures, antiques, culturally significant finds and items belonging to different eras. An obligatory item on the program is a visit to Peterhof, the most elegant palace and park ensemble in the vicinity of St. Petersburg.

The famous cultural and historical route is not limited to one city: the sights of the Golden Ring of Russia include entire cities with a centuries-old history, where beautiful temples, ancient fortresses-kremlin and other examples of Russian architecture have been preserved. The classic list includes Suzdal, Rostov the Great, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Kostroma, Sergiev Posad, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Ivanovo. but thematic route can be safely supplemented with a visit to the cities of Gus-Khrustalny, Uglich, Myshkin, Rybinsk, Kalyazin and some others, very interesting in terms of history (mentions in the annals), architecture and traditional folk crafts.

Architectural landmarks and rich cultural heritage- one of the main reasons to visit Kazan. The direction is very popular all year round: in winter, walks along the walls of the Kazan Kremlin are no less interesting than in summer. The guests of the city are impressed by the Kul-Sharif Mosque, Syuyumbike Tower, cathedrals, Palace Square, city parks and museums.

A dense and varied excursion route can be made while resting in Yekaterinburg, Kaliningrad, Rostov-on-Don and others large cities and regional centers of different regions of the Russian Federation.

Natural sights of Russia

One of the most popular destinations travels around our vast homeland - to Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia... And certainly - to the island of Olkhon, to the Peschanaya Bay, to Listvyanka, Baikalsk and other beautiful natural places.

The nature of Kamchatka deserves a separate expedition trip. It is not for nothing that the famous Valley of Geysers was included in the list of "Seven Wonders of Russia", and the Commander Islands are famous for bizarre landscapes and unique fauna: rare bird species live here, and during the migration period you can see whales.

One more amazing miracle nature - Pillars of weathering (Manpupuner) in the Komi Republic. Many legends of the Mansi people are associated with this place on the territory of the Pechora-Ilych Reserve. However, only trained tourists can get to it.

For the sake of magnificent views of the mountains, hiking and horseback riding against the backdrop of inspiring landscapes, you should go to Altai or to the Caucasus (Elbrus region), where highest peak Russia - Elbrus. Video review of sights of Russia

Millions of tourists around the world travel in search of awe-inspiring attractions. But what is it? A sightseeing is only old buildings and sculptures, or maybe this definition also applies to streets or entire cities?

Attraction concept

In fact, this concept is quite broad. An attraction is not only ancient buildings and monuments, but also other objects, places, things that are worthy of public attention. These objects can be old and have historical value, or they can be completely new, but they are popular because of their artistic value or originality in execution.

In general, a landmark is a famous or valuable object. The concept also includes zoos, reserves, national and natural parks, galleries, gardens, museums, architecture, sculptures, monuments, even fairs and festivals. Recently, reservations have also been added to the number of attractions - places where certain ethnic groups and nationalities live.

A landmark is also a territory or place that attracts the attention of others with mysterious and inexplicable phenomena. For example, houses with ghosts, places where UFOs have been seen.

The emergence of the concept

The idea to create one general term for interesting objects arose along with the idea of ​​creating something like a travel guide. It happened around 1836 at the John Murray Publishing House.

Of course, even before Murray, during the Roman Empire, there were travel essays that detailed the path traveled by the narrator. Much later, a similar genre was widely used in various countries of the world. In Croatia, it was called putopis, in Russia - "travel sketch", in Germany - reisebericht.

John Murray's goal was not to create an essay about an already established journey, but a guidebook showing all the notable objects in one place or another. Such a manual required the creation of a special concept, and then the term "attraction" was coined. The guidebook indicated the main attraction, and the number of stars next to it spoke of the degree of its uniqueness and fascination.

Objects of world fame

Every year the number of significant places is growing, tourists rush to capture incredible places in their memory. Museums open, unusual buildings and sculptures appear, new events and festivals are organized. But there are also such sights of the world, which everyone must have heard about. The most popular are usually ancient architectural structures, ancient temples and palaces, tall sculptures. Here is a list of the 10 most visited ones.

Moscow is multifaceted and grand, each time it turns to the traveler in thousands of different sides. Here, the multi-colored domes of Orthodox churches coexist with monumental skyscrapers in the Stalinist Empire style. The rich estates of the aristocratic families of the Russian Empire stand next to trendy restaurants and clubs, the spiers of glass skyscrapers of business districts sparkle against the backdrop of the picturesque Kutuzovsky Avenue.

Moscow has a huge number of cultural sites - more than 400 museums, about a thousand monuments, 130 theaters and dozens of concert halls. Most of the events of the country's social life, from premieres to international exhibitions, take place in the capital. You need to come to Moscow for long time to feel the spirit and energy of this dynamic city.

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What to see and where to go in Moscow?

The most interesting and Beautiful places for walking. Photos and a short description.

The most recognizable and visited places in the Russian capital. The red towers of the Kremlin, crowned with stars, are an established brand, a symbol of Moscow. Since the 12th century, the Kremlin has served as a defensive structure, over the centuries it has been repeatedly burned and rebuilt. Red Square has repeatedly become the site of important state events. It hosted popular meetings, fairs, parades, and various cultural events.

The cathedral was founded by order of Ivan the Terrible as a gratitude to the Lord for his help in the capture of Kazan. The building originally had golden domes and red and white walls. After a fire in the 18th century, as a result of restoration, the temple was decorated in bright colors and now it rises above Red Square like a multi-colored gingerbread. The name was given in honor of the holy fool Basil the Blessed, who collected part of the money for the construction of the temple and gave it to Ivan the Terrible.

The business district of the capital, consisting of modern skyscrapers of futuristic design. The project is unique both for Russia and for the whole of Eastern Europe. The highest tower of the "Federation" complex reaches a height of 235 meters, other structures are also given their own names. Moscow City was nicknamed "Moscow Manhattan", the quarter was conceived as a Russian analogue of London and New York business districts.

Cathedral of Moscow, where the Patriarch conducts divine services. The temple was built in honor of the victory in Patriotic War 1812, designed by Konstantin Ton, the work lasted more than forty years. During the Soviet era, the building was blown up, and in its place appeared the Palace of Soviets, and later - the pool "Moscow". The cathedral was rebuilt in 1994-1997. and now has the maximum external resemblance to the original.

The oldest convent capital Cities. According to legend, it stands at the place where, during the reign of the Golden Horde, girls were selected to be sent into slavery. The monastery was founded in 1524 by Vasily III. Subsequently, many royal persons, as well as girls from princely and boyar families, took tonsure in the monastery. Many did not come here of their own free will. In architectural terms, the monastery is a real fortress with powerful walls.

Temple of the XVI century on the banks of the Moskva River on the territory of the park complex in Kolomenskoye. Presumably, the Italian architect Petrok Maly took part in the construction of the building. The church is one of the first examples of stone hipped-roof temples on the territory of Russia. The structure was built in the form of an equal-pointed cross with a 62-meter bell tower. The architecture of the temple is considered unique.

The main Catholic cathedral in Moscow, built in the neo-Gothic style at the expense of the Polish community. The main buildings were erected at the beginning of the 20th century according to the project of F.O.Bogdanovich-Dvorzhetsky. The cathedral is a typical example of the architecture of Catholic churches - lancet arches, upward-looking shaped towers, colored stained-glass windows. The temple regularly hosts organ music concerts and other cultural events.

The palace and park ensemble, covering an area of ​​more than 100 hectares, is located in the south of the capital. All buildings were created in the 18th century in architectural style"Pseudo-gothic" or "Russian gothic". Previously, the ensemble served as a royal residence. Today, the park hosts exhibitions, museums, concert halls, greenhouses. Thanks to its beautiful landscape, the Tsaritsyno ensemble has become a popular destination for wedding photo shoots.

Wooden palace in Kolomenskoye Park, which belonged to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. It opened for visitors in 2010. The building was founded in the 17th century, its appearance was conceived in such a way as to emphasize the power of the Russian state and the greatness of the tsar. The interior decoration was distinguished by splendor and luxury. Under Catherine II, the palace was dismantled, but its detailed drawings were previously made. According to these drawings, the complex was completely restored later.

A landmark of the New Age in the spirit of Russian architecture of the 17th century, a stylized residence of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The ensemble was built according to old sketches and drawings. The Kremlin appeared in 2007 near the Partizanskaya metro station. There are craft shops, museums, taverns and a church on the territory. The Kremlin was designed by A.F.Ushakov as an attraction to attract tourists.

An 18th century mansion that belonged to the Sheremetyevs' count family. The magnificent manor house, surrounded by a landscaped park, was used for lavish receptions, balls, festivities and theatrical performances. The museum on the territory of the complex exhibits one of the world's largest collections of ceramics. Kuskovo constantly hosts exhibitions, concerts, festivities in the old Russian traditions.

An architectural monument of the 17th century in the Tagansky district of the capital. Since 1991 it has been serving as a patriarchal courtyard. The Department for Youth Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church is also located here. The history of the place began in the 13th century. First, there was a monastery, and then the residence of the highest clergy. Krutitskoye courtyard is a place where you can imagine what Moscow looked like in the past centuries.

The main opera stage in the country and one of the best theaters in the world. The theater was built in 1825, but in 1853 the building burned down. Three years later, the Bolshoi was rebuilt. Large-scale reconstructions were carried out in 1886-1893, in 1958 and in 2005-2011. The monumental building of the theater is decorated with massive columns, the interior decoration is striking in luxury. The crystal chandelier in the main auditorium deserves special attention.

An art museum with a rich collection, founded by the Tretyakov merchant family. In 1861, in his will, Pavel Tretyakov transferred the family gallery to the city and determined the amount of money for its maintenance. In 1893, the museum was officially opened to the public. The Tretyakov Gallery is the largest (over 180 thousand exhibits) collection of Russian painting, engraving, icon painting.

It is located on Red Square and is one of the main museums in the capital. In countless rooms, collections are exhibited covering all eras in Russian history from ancient times to the 20th century. There are also extensive exhibitions on the history of other states. The museum was founded by order of Alexander II in 1872. In 1990, the building was included in the UNESCO heritage list along with Red Square.

The circus was built in 1880 with the money of the merchant Danilov. From the very opening, the administration tried to invite only the best teams and attract more visitors to the performances. In 1996, in honor of the 75th artist Yuri Nikulin, the circus was named "Nikulin Moscow Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard". The auditorium is designed for 2000 people; modern equipment is used during the performances.

The museum gallery was opened in 1913; the basis of the collection was made up of exhibits from the collection of the Cabinet of Fine Arts and Antiquities of Moscow University. Later, original samples of culture were acquired Ancient egypt... During the XX century, the museum has developed and expanded, now it contains about 700 exhibits. Various exhibitions of world famous authors are constantly held in the halls.

Cold War Museum, located 65 meters underground. The bunker was built in the middle of the 20th century, it was conceived as a completely autonomous shelter in case of a sudden nuclear strike. A supply of water and food was stored here for a long time. The entrance to the museum is a one and a half-ton door, behind which a long staircase begins. Visitors can explore the bunker halls on a guided tour and watch a film about the Cold War.

Park complex with memorials dedicated to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Before starting construction in 1987, the hill on Poklonnaya Gora was partially demolished. The park officially opened in 1995. The central monument is an obelisk crowned with a statue of the goddess Nike, 141.8 meters high. In 2009-2010 here the Eternal Flame burned, transferred for the period of reconstruction from the Alexander Garden.

Vorobyovy Gory is considered the main observation deck Moscow, from where a view of the Moskva River valley, Luzhniki, Stalin's skyscrapers and Moscow City skyscrapers opens up. The building of Moscow State University is located nearby. The park area of ​​Vorobyovy Gory is an excellent place for walking, cycling and rollerblading, and jogging. Moscow bikers have been gathering near the observation deck for many years.

A large park area in the North-East of the capital with numerous exhibition pavilions, well-groomed alleys, fountains, cafes, concert venues. VDNKh is one of the most popular weekend getaways for city dwellers. Here you can visit the aquarium, historic pavilion, innovative exhibitions, farmers markets, theater and even a "port" with a pool and beach. There are many cyclists, skaters and other athletes at VDNKh.

The television tower is another important symbol of the capital. The tower provides TV coverage throughout Russia, and houses TV studios and offices of the main channels. The building is 540 meters high. The Ostankino tower was built in the period 1963-1967, at that time it was considered the tallest building in Europe. For visitors there are special excursions to the tower with a visit to the observation deck.

The arched gate on Kutuzovsky Prospect, erected in honor of the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. The structure was built according to the project of the architect Bovet in 1829-1834, later in 1936 the arch was dismantled. The reconstructed gate reappeared on the avenue only in 1968. The inscription on the upper part of the old structure glorified the deeds of Alexander I in Russian and Latin, the new inscription immortalized the feat of Russian soldiers in 1812.

Seven high-rise buildings built in the pompous "Stalinist Empire" style in the middle of the 20th century. These unique structures, according to the idea of ​​the leader, were to symbolize the power and greatness of Moscow and the entire USSR. The buildings house the University of Moscow State University, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, hotels, residential apartments. In Soviet times, housing in these elite houses was distributed only to prominent scientists and statesmen.

It is located on Red Square and is one of its main attractions. The history of the building began in the 19th century with the opening of a shopping arcade. Over the course of the 20th century, GUM is gradually becoming the main and most coveted store in the country - all business travelers seek to get into it in order to purchase scarce goods. Nowadays GUM is the territory of expensive boutiques, historical shops and author's showrooms.

The famous promenade of the capital, where, surrounded by charming Moscow mansions from previous centuries, street performers perform and portraits of artists. A large number of souvenir shops, restaurants and small interesting museums... The street is included in the compulsory visiting program for foreign tourists, so here you can see them in considerable numbers.

Small park in the city center, popular place for walks with local residents. The garden was founded by the entrepreneur and philanthropist Y. Shchukin at the end of the 19th century. The last major reconstruction was carried out at the end of the 90s. XX century. The park has three theaters and an open stage for summer concerts. During the warmer months, festivals and various events are often held here, attracting many visitors.

A large area of ​​the arts, located on the Crimean embankment. The art zone includes exhibitions under open air, landscaped gardens, fountains, modern art objects and numerous walking paths. The Crimean Embankment itself is a picturesque pedestrian zone on the banks of the Moskva River, a cozy and romantic place that quickly gained popularity among tourists and Muscovites themselves.

Numerous art workshops, galleries, design studios, exhibition halls that occupy the former building of the Krasny Oktyabr confectionery factory. This is a kind of bohemian center of the capital, where events constantly take place with the participation of the fashionable public and famous people. The red brick factory building itself is a classic example of industrial architecture of the early 20th century.

The park is located on the embankment of the Moskva River. In recent years, the place has changed and has become a point of attraction for an advanced audience. It constantly organizes events dedicated to the protection of the environment, vegetarian festivals, skateboarding competitions and other events. The park often becomes a venue for large-scale city holidays; in winter, an ice rink has been operating on the territory for several years.

From the impressive Burj Khalifa to the stunning Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, renowned travel site TripAdvisor has compiled a list of popular attractions around the world by tourists.

The most famous landmarks in the world

Going on a trip to various countries, tourists think in advance about the route scheme and what sights are worth visiting.

Below in the article will be presented a list of the attractions that are the most popular, according to the version of the TripAdvisor website.

The Panama Canal Navigation is located in the state of Panama. Consists of two lakes, which were created by man, and locks.

Petronas Towers are located in the capital of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur

Australia symbol - Opera theatre in Sydney city

The ancient city of the Mayan tribe is located on the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula

The oldest temple of Wat Pho. To see it, you need to go to Thailand to the city of Bangkok

Memorial complexes and ancient temples

Complex in New York (USA) - National Memorial dedicated to the victims of a series of terrorist attacks committed on September 11

Khalifa Tower, or Burj Khalifa (skyscraper) in Dubai, UAE

There is a memorial complex "President Lincoln Memorial" in Washington.

Great Chinese Wall, Mutianyu section with magnificent mountain landscapes

Charles Bridge in Prague, Czech Republic. It was built in the Middle Ages and was called Prague.

Golden Gate Suspension Bridge, California

Hagia Sophia (currently a museum), Istanbul, Turkey

Alhambra Palace, Granada, Southern Spain. Today it is a museum of Islamic art

Cathedral of Notre Dame in France. Catholic temple in Paris

Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood in the northern capital of Russia - the city of St. Petersburg

Who hasn't dreamed of flying to France and admiring the beauty of Paris from the Eiffel Tower

Prison Island

Alcatraz Island in California. It is now a museum, but there were times when this island served as a prison for dangerous criminals. It was impossible to escape from there.

Milanese Cathedral in italy

The Catholic Cathedral of St. Peter is located in the Vatican

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi, UAE

Taj Mahal in India - mosque-mausoleum

Machu Picchu city in modern Peru

The largest temple complex Angkorvoat is located in Cambodia

Brazil is famous for its aromatic coffee, football and the statue of Christ the Redeemer towering over Rio de Janeiro

Sagrada Familia Cathedral in Barcelona city, Spain

Where to go first is up to you.

Russia is an incredible country. This is not even a country, but a whole world in which there is everything - from masterpieces of architecture and a huge number of museums to a wide variety of natural attractions - mountain lakes, geysers, glaciers and much more. It is incomprehensible to the mind how all this survived during the history of the largest country in the world, rich in wars and uprisings.

Russians are rather strange people - they are proud of their history, but at the same time they can write on the monument a word from three letters... They are delighted with the nature of their homeland, but they are too lazy to clean up empty bottles after a picnic. Nevertheless, this is a great people with a difficult fate and attitude towards life, which no philosophical concept can explain.

Foreigners go to Russia to check whether Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Pushkin wrote the truth about it, and to see with their own eyes Attraction this unique country... Here short excursion on the main ones.

1. Trans-Siberian Railway

Part of the longest in the world railroad, the historical section of the Trans-Siberian Railway stretches from Miass (a city in the Urals) to Vladivostok along the border with China and North Korea. It was he who began to build in 1891, Tsar Alexander III, and completed what his son Nicholas II century. 1916. The length of the oldest part of the Transsib is more than 7000 km, and the total length of the railway line connecting Moscow with Vladivostok is 9288 km.

Most travelers use the train for an overnight stay, there are berths of the first, second and third classes, the most expensive compartments have separate showers and toilets.

2. Elbrus

Mount Elbrus, 5642 meters high, belongs to the Caucasus Range, located in the south of Russia. Elbrus is included in the Seven Peaks - the highest mountains located on different continents planets. This is the most high mountain Russia, and thousands of novice and experienced climbers come here every year.

Elbrus was previously a volcano, but none of its eruptions have been recorded, so it is believed that it has died out forever. You can reach the 3800 meter mark by cable car, which is very convenient. At an altitude of 4130 meters, the Shelter of Eleven Hotel used to be located, which burned down in 1998, and now a new building is under construction.

3. Valley of Geysers

Russian Far East- amazingly beautiful and unusual place... There are many unique natural attractions here, one of which is the Valley of Geysers on the Kamchatka Peninsula - the second largest geyser field in the world.

The valley was discovered in 1941 by the Russian scientist Tatyana Ustinova, and since then many tourists and researchers have come here. The valley is included in the reserve, so there are certain rules for organizing excursions. The most convenient way to get to the Valley is by helicopter, but it is very expensive, so it is better to rent a helicopter with a company.

In 2007, a landslide descended into the Valley, after which it was flooded, but in 2013 a new landslide destroyed a natural dam, and geysers began to clog again, there were even more of them.

4. Kizhi Island

This is one of the main attractions of the Republic of Karelia, located in the North-West region of Russia, bordering Finland and washed by the waters of the White Sea. Since the 13th century, Karelians have lived here - a Finno-Ugric people who found themselves at the junction of the cultures of the West and the East.

Kizhi Island is a real open-air museum; you will not find anything like the local wooden churches anywhere else in the world. Especially beautiful is the 37-meter Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior with its 22 domes. The church was founded at the beginning of the 18th century and was built entirely of wood. In addition to it, there are wooden peasant houses, windmills, bell towers and barns. There are very few indigenous local residents, but they carefully preserve their traditions - they weave various crafts from birch bark, do embroidery, sew national clothes, knit lace and sing folk songs.

5. Hagia Sophia in Novgorod

The incredibly beautiful church is the main temple of Novgorod, a very ancient Russian settlement. The cathedral, in turn, is the oldest surviving church built by the Slavs, the construction of which was completed in 1050. The St. Sophia Cathedral is located on the territory of the Novgorod Kremlin, the height of the church is almost 40 meters.

The temple is crowned with five domes; several ancient Orthodox shrines are kept here, for example the Icon of the Mother of God "The Sign", which, according to legend, in 1170 saved Novgorod from an attack by one of the princes. His army laid siege to the city, and when the inhabitants realized that they could not fight back, they began to offer prayers to the Lord. On the third night of the siege, Archbishop John heard a voice commanding him to take this icon out of the cathedral, and he followed the will of God. When one of the arrows of the besiegers hit the icon, from the eyes blessed virgin tears flowed, after which the army of the besiegers threw down their weapons and ran away.

6. Lake Baikal

Traveling along the Trans-Siberian Railway and not enjoying the views of Lake Baikal is simply stupid. it ancient lake- the cleanest and deepest fresh water body of the planet. It contains 20% of the world's fresh water, and the depth of the lake reaches 1642 meters.

Baikal was formed about 25 million years ago, and now it is one of the most famous and beautiful bodies of water in the world. The lake is very large, so many locals call it the sea, and another common nickname is the Pearl of Siberia. If you decide to spend a few days here, you can stay at one of the tourist bases or rent a house, and for a very reasonable fee, and amateurs exotic vacation can put up a tent in some scenic location on the shore.

Please note that the impressions of Baikal will be incomplete if you do not try the smoked Baikal omul - this is the most delicious fish in the world.

7. Suzdal

The city of Suzdal was previously the capital of one of the principalities of Ancient Rus, and now it is part of the so-called Golden Ring of Russia - ancient cities in which beautiful examples of medieval Russian architecture have been preserved.

Each city of the Ring is unique in its own way, but Suzdal is just one great architectural masterpiece. There are many beautiful, surprisingly well-preserved cathedrals, churches and entire monasteries, and in the very heart of Suzdal there is the famous Suzdal Kremlin. Unfortunately, its wooden towers were destroyed by fire in the 18th century, but the earthworks and several buildings still exist, so there is something to see.

Suzdal is like a huge open-air museum: walking along the streets, it is easy to imagine that you are in the distant past.

8. Moscow Kremlin

To describe all the beauty of the unique structures and relics of the Moscow Kremlin, words are not enough even in the great and mighty Russian language. Located in historic center the capital of Russia, this architectural ensemble long ago became business card country.

The first wooden fortifications appeared here in the 12th century, and under Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, the Kremlin became white-stone - in the most important towers and fortifications, wood was replaced with white stone. By the way, the memory of this is preserved in the speech of the Russian people - Moscow is still sometimes called "white stone", although the Kremlin has long been "repainted" in red: Ivan III the Great (by the way, the grandfather of the first Russian Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible) ordered to write out the best Italian architects, and they rebuilt the residence of the prince, using burnt bricks.

On an area of ​​27.5 hectares, there are the Faceted Chamber (formerly it was the main ceremonial hall of the Kremlin), three cathedrals - the Assumption, Arkhangelsk and Annunciation, the Armory, the Ivan the Great bell tower and many other architectural masterpieces.

The Kremlin museums allow you to plunge headlong into the richest Russian history - it will take a lot of time to go around all the expositions and see all the exhibits.

The Moscow Kremlin still serves as the residence of the rulers of Russia: reception halls and the official office of the president are located here, and concerts and various solemn ceremonies are held in the Grand Kremlin Palace.

9. Hermitage

The Hermitage in St. Petersburg is the main treasury of Russia, in the literal and figurative sense of the word. Directly - because in the halls and storerooms of the museum there is a huge number of priceless paintings, jewelry, samples of sculpture and ceramics, which is not there! In the figurative - because it reflects the culture and history of Russia and the whole world, this is a real book, or rather, a whole collection of works, but instead of a dry description of beautiful masterpieces, you can see them with your own eyes, it's a pity, you can't touch them.

The museum began in 1764 as a collection of paintings by Empress Catherine II the Great, who spent large sums of money to purchase paintings by brilliant European artists. Most of the paintings hung in the halls of the famous Winter Palace(the favorite residence of the Russian emperors), which later received the name "Hermitage" (in French it means "a secluded place, shelter").

Initially, ordinary people could not admire the masterpieces - the museum was opened to the general public only in 1852. Anyone who has visited the Hermitage at least once will remember this for the rest of his life, because an absolutely incredible atmosphere reigns here, the luxury and splendor of the palace halls will not leave anyone indifferent. Please note that you need to purchase a special ticket for photo and video shooting, and you can take pictures only without a flash.

10. Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed

This unusual and amazing beautiful temple located in the center of Moscow, on Red Square. You can find a description of the cathedral in any tourist guide, but it is better to see it with your own eyes, because it is impossible to describe it in words. It looks like a huge bonfire burning in the heart of the Russian capital: when the bright Moscow sun plays on its multi-colored domes, it is an incomparable sight.

The cathedral was erected in 1555-1561 by order of Ivan IV the Terrible. According to legend, after the completion of the construction, the cruel Russian tsar ordered to blind the architects Barma and Postnik so that they could no longer build anything equal to this temple in beauty and grandeur. The tsar achieved his goal - in no corner of the world there is nothing similar to this architectural masterpiece.

11. Red Square

A walk along Red Square is the first thing that every foreign tourist should do in the Russian capital. The main milestones in the history of Russia are associated with this place, as evidenced by historical monuments - the Execution Ground, where the Russian tsars executed troublemakers, criminals and rebels; a monument to Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky, who led the people's militia at the beginning of the 17th century to drive the Polish invaders out of Moscow; Lenin's mausoleum and much more.

On Red Square, various events dedicated to public holidays and military parades were regularly held (and are being held), from here on November 7, 1941, Soviet soldiers went straight to the front.

By the way, in the old days the word “red” meant “beautiful”, and if you see the square with your own eyes, you will understand why it was named that way.

12. Derbent

The unique city of the Russian republic of Dagestan is not very popular among tourists, but it is worth visiting it at least to walk along the streets of one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world.

Derbent is famous for its truly Caucasian hospitality and rich cultural traditions. Among the main cultural and historical attractions are the Derbent Wall, which is about 1.5 thousand years old, and Naryn-Kala, an ancient fortress that once faithfully served the defenders of the city. The oldest Muslim temple in Russia, the Juma Mosque, built in 733, is also located here.

Among the sights of the city, one cannot but mention the Derbent cognac, which is made from Dagestan grapes, if you happen to get to Derbent, be sure to try it. Now it is the second largest city in Dagestan: the population is about 100 thousand inhabitants, most of whom are Lezgins, Azerbaijanis and Tabasaran.

13. Altai Mountains

If you think that the most beautiful mountains on Earth - the Alps, which means you have not been to Altai. This is the highest mountain system Siberia, on its territory the borders of Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan converge, and unlike European mountain resorts, not all trails have been trodden here by the ubiquitous tourists.

The mighty and full-flowing Siberian rivers - the Ob, Irtysh and Yenisei - are born in the Altai mountains, and rare animals are found in the stunning beauty of the valleys, which cannot be found anywhere else. There are many poachers here, with whom the authorities are trying to fight, but so far not very successfully, mainly because the officials themselves have been noticed more than once in exterminating the unique representatives of the local fauna.

In Altai, since ancient times, original tribes and peoples have lived, somewhat similar to the Indians: they worship gods in the form of animals and practice pagan rituals.