Interactive map of the red planet. Satellite map of Dominican Republic Pyramids, Sphinxes and Face

Mars It is considered a planet with unusual landscapes consisting of craters, channels of once flowing rivers, volcanoes and frozen lava, once scattered by volcanoes on Mars. Not so long ago, the surface of Mars was unknown to us and it was difficult to study it from our planet for a number of reasons, but with the help of the Mars Odyssey it became possible. Mars has always been the object of special attention of scientists, since it was once similar to Earth and in order to avoid the same future on Earth, it is necessary to find out what happened to Mars and prevent it on Earth.

The map of Mars was created using several thousand images that were taken with the THEMIS camera. This camera creates images based on the analysis of the thermal radiation of the planet. After creating a huge number of images, experts were engaged in creating an overall picture of the Martian surface. The experts used various methods of combining images into one and removed the distortions associated with the special optics of the camera.

Now in the orbit of Mars the Mars-Express apparatus is also operating, which also surveys the surface of the planet. The map obtained with its help will be unique. The survey of the surface of Mars is carried out using laser technology. The device sends a laser pulse to the surface of the planet, the laser pulse itself is reflected from the planet and sent back to the spacecraft. Based on the time spent covering the distance from the spacecraft to the planet, a conclusion is made about the distance to the surface. This apparatus can detect slopes that are too small to be seen from the surface of the Earth. Thus, surface photography is more accurate than using simple photography. can interfere with this method of photography, but after receiving conflicting data, scientists understand that they hit the satellite, after a while the signal is sent again.

Mars on Google Maps

The map of the planet Mars also exists in google maps. In order to view the surface of Mars using google maps, you need to install a project from google - google maps and there in the menu you need to select the item - "planet Mars" (how to do this, see

Google Virtual Map of Mars is an internet application that closely resembles Google earth, the map of Mars is also made with this engine. This color map of Mars is nothing more than a 3d topographic map of Mars. This gives us an idea of ​​the heights of the terrain. This map of Mars from Google also allows you to switch between visible and infrared viewing modes in real time. The buttons for switching are in the upper right corner.

Control

In Google Mars Map, you can navigate up, down, left or right using the buttons indicated by the arrows in the upper left corner of the screen. To zoom in and out on the Google Mars map, simply move the tool slider. It is also on the left side.

This Mars Odyssey map is a mosaic of images taken from orbit.

If you're wondering why Google Mars maps are clearer in infrared, it's because clouds and dust on the planet are transparent to infrared light.

Additional features

In the search bar, you can search for objects of interest, for example Mount Olympus - Olympus mons and read its description and detailed pictures. Press "Backspace" to return to the map. There is also a search by pre-selected groups: spacecraft, mountains, volcanoes, craters, canyons, etc. To do this, click on the corresponding link to the right of the Google icon.

Topographic map of Mars

Pyramids and Face on Mars

If you don't know how to find pyramids on Google Mars, then it's pretty easy. Google Mars allows you to quickly search. You can see the coordinates on Google Mars, but the search for them does not work.

Region Cydonia

Kydonia, some translate as Cydonia, is a plateau located in the northern hemisphere of the planet and famous for the fact that the numerous hills of this region, according to the first images of the Viking 1 orbiter, resembled a Face (by the way, Google Mars allows you to view in one click), the Sphinx and pyramids.

Subsequently, more detailed images of the Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft (the Google Mars service also uses their images) showed that these hills have nothing to do with the activities of the supposedly intelligent representatives of the planet, and what previously seemed to be quite meaningful figures appeared in the form the usual Martian landscape. However, interest in these formations does not fade away, and therefore the pyramids on Mars, Google Mars are quite easy to find. It is enough to type Cydonia in the search bar and switch to infrared mode. Satellite map Google Mars shows the Face and just below the pyramid. We hope that with Google Mars, you will constantly discover new finds for yourself.

Google Mars pyramid coordinates are as follows - 40.75N, 9.46W. By the way, the Google planet Mars pyramid coordinates allows you to calculate quite easily, it is enough to select the object of interest and the necessary information of interest will appear in the drop-down menu.

Valle Marineris - Valles Marineris

The Mariner Valley is the longest and deepest canyon in the solar system. She is a companion of the highest mountain in the solar system - the Olympus volcano, which is also on the red planet. This pair demonstrates what extremes can be found using Google Mars online. To search for a valley, just type “Valles Marineris” in the command line of the map.

Valley dimensions

The Mariner Valley is about 4000 km long and 200 km wide, in some places the depth reaches 7 km. It runs along the equator and covers almost a quarter of the planet's circumference, or 59% of its diameter. The Google Mars map shows that the Mariner Valley system is a network of interconnected valleys that begin in the west, and Google shows this well. Noctis Labyrinthus or “Labyrinth of the Night” is considered the beginning of the Mariner Valley. The canyon passes through various chaotic areas (ridges, crevasses, and plains are mixed) before ending in the Chryse Planitia Basin.

The most common theory for the formation of such a huge canyon is that it was formed by stretching a layer of the surface. The theory is supported by erosion and destruction of the rift wall. Rift valleys are usually formed between two mountain ranges and during their formation.

Discovery history

The Mighty Canyon is named after NASA's Mariner 9 spacecraft, which first photographed it at close range in 1971-1972. Mariner 9 was the first spacecraft to orbit another planet, ahead of the Mars 2 and Mars 3 missions.

The Mariner Valley on Mars is in the spotlight of many scientists due to its geological past. She points out that Mars used to be much wetter and warmer. If you are looking for interesting places on Google Mars, then this valley is rightfully in the TOP5.

Software updates

In 2012, the Google Mars program was significantly updated. The reason for this was the fact that by that time three orbiters were circling in orbit of the red planet, continuously surveying the surface in different ranges and with different resolutions.

Most of the Google Mars resource is now represented by images taken by the Context Camera (CTX), which is installed on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) satellite. The map of Mars in Google has a pretty good resolution - 6 meters per pixel - this is much better than most of the images of our Earth in Google Maps (about 15 meters per pixel) and significantly exceeds the previous photographs of the planet.

Telescope in orbit

The newest Google Mars map shows individual areas of the surface with a resolution of 25-30 cm per pixel! This is due to the HiRISE camera, which is installed on the MRO satellite. The HiRISE camera is actually a telescope with a main mirror 30 cm in diameter! Despite the monstrous detail, it will take many years to fully map the planet with such a resolution, so scientists are interested in the most relevant regions of the planet and the places of operation of the rovers, of which there are now two (Curiosity and Opportunity).

Photo collection transmitted by HiRISE camera

To view in full screen mode, use the button in the upper right.

Keep in mind that the planet's vibrant colors are due to the fact that the camera captures part of the infrared range. Images obtained using different light filters and wavelengths are necessary to identify various surface features and mineral deposits.

Google Mars has given a lot of attention to Gale Crater. A new version Google Mars shows fresh satellite images in a gray scale, so they are easy to distinguish from old ones and remember that these are not Google Mars artifacts, despite the fact that quite a lot of curious objects were found on the Google Mars map.

Lava tubes on the surface

Quite interesting formations are collapsed lava tubes - channels that form when the lava flows unevenly from the slopes of the volcano. So virtual card Mars can be viewed not only by well-known objects, but also by rather rare geological formations. However, Google Mars map is just high-detail images, so we recommend you Google Mars 3D maps, which convey the feeling of being on an alien planet quite well. It is especially pleasing that recently it has become possible to watch Google Mars in Russian. So the Mars Google Mars app is not only a good visualization and technology demonstration tool, but also a whole multimedia entertainment center that allows you to take exciting journeys across the red planet.

3D view

Google Mars 3D map allows you not only to explore the planet, but also to make virtual travel, because the relief map of Mars conveys the surface of a distant planet much more realistically. In 3D mode, users can enjoy the surface of the planet from a bird's eye view, as well as a 3D map of Mars Google gives the opportunity to virtually move to the most popular objects, to see the “Face on Mars” and the Olympus volcano.

This view from the Google Mars satellite was obtained using modern NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express orbiters, as well as from the Mars Odyssey spacecraft.

A little about the planet itself

After Earth, it is practically the only place in the solar system that could shelter people. But there are many things that we must overcome on the red planet.

Orbit

The orbit of the planet "god of war" in eccentricity ranks second in the solar system. Only the orbit of Mercury has a greater eccentricity. At perihelion, it is located at a distance of 206.6 million km from the Sun, and at aphelion 249.2 million km. The average distance from it to the Sun (the so-called semi-major axis) is 228 million km. One revolution of Mars takes 687 Earth days. The distance to the Sun changes depending on the gravitational influence of other planets, and the eccentricity can change over time. More recently, about 1.350 million years ago, it had an almost circular orbit.

At its closest point, it is located about 55.7 million km from Earth. The planets get closest to each other every 26 months. Due to the enormous distance, a flight to Mars will take anywhere from 10 months to a year, depending on how much fuel we use.

The size

Mars is very small and the global topographic map of Mars shows that its area is very small. Mars is only 6,792 km across, about half the diameter, and only 10% of the mass of the Earth. Google Mars Satellite Map allows you to view the planet as if you could stand on its surface. Mars, but unfortunately, does not convey to us that we would experience only 30% of the force of gravity on the surface of the Earth.

Seasons

Mars, like all the planets of the solar system, has an axis tilt of about 25.19 degrees. This tilt is similar to Earth's, so it has seasons. The Martian seasons are longer than the Terrestrial ones, because the year on it is almost twice as long as the Terrestrial year. The dramatically varying distance between Mars at aphelion and perihelion means that its seasons are unbalanced.

Day

One day on Mars is only a few minutes longer than on Earth. You can adapt quickly. Another advantage is that the tilt of the Martian axis is very similar to the Earth's, it is a pity that the map of Mars online from the satellite does not show this.

Conditions

But Mars has a very inhospitable environment. Its, is only 1% of the thickness of the Earth's atmosphere. It consists mainly of carbon dioxide. You cannot breathe in such an atmosphere. at night it can drop to -100 ° C, even at the height of summer at the equator. Interactive map of Mars in high definition shows huge polar ice caps at the planet's poles.

One of the most important problems is the planet's lack of a magnetosphere. Here on Earth, radioactive particles from space are deflected away from the surface, but there is no protection on Mars.

Finally, I recommend watching the popular science film Mars: Underground (The Mars Underground).

Aerospace engineer and President of the Martian Community, Robert Zubrin dreams of sending humans to the red planet in the next 10 years.

If you liked the recording, then tell your friends about it!

Map Dominican Republic from the satellite. Explore the Dominican Republic satellite map online in real time. A detailed map of the Dominican Republic based on high resolution satellite imagery. V closest approach satellite map of the Dominican Republic allows you to explore in detail the streets, houses and landmarks of the Dominican Republic. The map of the Dominican Republic from the satellite easily switches to the regular map mode (diagram).

Dominican Republic - Island state, occupying two-thirds of the area of ​​the island of Haiti. The Dominican Republic is deservedly called one of the best beach destinations. The first European to set foot on these unparalleled beaches was Christopher Columbus. Back in 1492, he named this island Hispaniola. Later, reporting to the king about his journey, he noted the extraordinary beauty of the island, which cannot be described in words.

Capital of the Dominican Republic, the city of Santo Domingo, became the first city of the New World. And the state itself, inhabited by almost 8 million good-natured residents, has the most perfect tourist and hotel infrastructure among any other resorts. Caribbean islands... Santo Domingo has absorbed an unprecedented number of attractions, acquaintance with which will give you unprecedented pleasure.

Every year the hotel chain of the Dominican Republic welcomes millions of travelers from all over the world. Looking at only photos from the resorts of the Dominican Republic, it becomes clear that there is so much excitement in relation to this tourist destination.

Prices for tours to the Dominican Republic are very reasonable and do not shock travelers. According to annual statistics, an increasing number of Russian tourists decide on a long flight (11 hours) in this truly heavenly place... According to vacationers, the quality of service in the resorts of the Dominican Republic is very high, and the prices for tours to the Dominican Republic are completely justified. At the same time, a huge part of the hotels operate on an "all inclusive" system, providing tourists with additional services that make their vacation even more enjoyable.

If you are going to the Dominican Republic for the first time and want to get by with minimal costs, then feel free to choose the most economical vacation options with a minimum list of services. Even with this approach unforgettable vacation You will be provided with the full program.

Seasonality. While in the tropical trade wind climatic zone, The Dominican Republic pleases holidaymakers with eternal summer all year round. Therefore, the tourist season here lasts all year round. The air temperature is almost always constant. In the coolest time, and directly from January to March, the air temperature is kept at around + 28-30 degrees Celsius, and in the hottest time (in August) the temperature reaches + 31 degrees Celsius.

In the periods from May to June, as well as from August to September in the Dominican Republic there are rainy seasons, but they do not cause any inconvenience to vacationers. Firstly, it usually rains on the country's server, and secondly, it falls 1-2 times a day, most often at night. During the rainy season during the day, as a rule, clear sunny weather reigns, for which most vacationers come here.

Ancient river bed

Before considering in detail such applications as a 3D map of Mars or a 3D map of Mars, let's find out a little about the planet itself.

It will be all the more useful when we touch on such sections as the geological map of Mars (geological and morphological map of Mars) or geographic map Mars.

Mars is one of the four terrestrial planets, as are Mercury, Venus, and Earth. All terrestrial planets are rocky and made of metal. The rest are classified as outer gas giants.

Structure

It, like others from this group, has the same structure: core, mantle and crust, although each layer differs in thickness, depending on the planet. Mercury has an average density of 5.43 g / cm3. Earth is the only planet denser than Mercury. Mercury most likely has a liquid core composed primarily of an iron-nickel alloy. Venus has a crust that falls 10-30 km below the surface. After that, the mantle reaches a depth of about 3000 km. The planetary core is liquid and consists of an iron-nickel alloy. Average density 5.240 g / cm3.

The earth's crust is on average 30 km thick for land and 5 km for the seabed. The mantle extends to a depth of 2,900 km.

The core begins at a depth of about 5100 km and consists of two separate parts: the outer core is a liquid iron-nickel alloy, and the inner one is a hard alloy of iron and nickel. The average density of the planet is 5.520 g / cm3. Mars is about half the diameter of Earth. The depth of the crust and mantle is not known for certain, the average density is 3.930 g / cm3.

The size

Firstly, even a satellite map of Mars online does not show how small the radius of the red planet is, which is 3.389 km. Its circumference is 21344 km. Further, its volume is 1.63 × 10 * 11 km3. And the mass, which is 6.4169 × 10 * 23 kg.

By comparison, it has only 53% of the diameter and about 38% of the Earth's surface area. This is approximately equal to the area of ​​all continents of the Earth, and a 3d satellite map of Mars clearly confirms this. Its volume is equal to 15% of the Earth's volume, and its mass is 11% of the Earth's mass. As you can see, Mars is small world, only Mercury is smaller than it, but despite this, a map of Mars with magnification allows you to examine its surface in detail.

Surface features

Despite its small size, it has many interesting features... A 3D satellite map of Mars allows you to enjoy the majestic spectacle of Mount Olympus, which is the most high mountain in the solar system, 21.2 km high from the base.

Before us is a map of Mars, the Mariner Valley is the deepest valley. Mars is home to hundreds of thousands of craters that are clearly visible on the surface and a large relief map of Mars confirms this. A 3D map of Mars allows you to see in detail the North Polar Basin and the Hellas Basin - the largest in the Solar System.

Region Cydonia

There are hundreds of volcanoes on the surface of Mars. NASA's map of Mars allows some of the highest mountains in the solar system to be viewed in high detail.

A lot of interesting things can tell interactive map Mars, Cydonia, perhaps the most “popular” region of the planet. In this place are concentrated the most mysterious surface formations, such as the pyramids, the "face on Mars" and the sphinx. Map of Mars, the pyramids are shown in detail, and you can see them in detail thanks to the numerous photographs of the orbiting scouts. Many interesting features of the surface are concealed by the map of Mars, the sphinx is one of the symbols of "aliens" or a race that existed many years ago on the planet. But the study of the application of a map of Mars from a satellite, the pyramids, like other mysteries, appear before us just unusual features relief of the red planet, but not as evidence of disappeared races.

Pyramids, Sphinxes and Face

Pyramids on Mars or mountains on the surface, in low resolution, have nearly perfect symmetry, reminiscent of the Egyptian pyramids.

Several images of the surface of Mars taken in the 70s by the Viking orbiter showed that these formations resemble a face. Fans of extraterrestrial life immediately considered this structure built by thinking life forms, but the inaccurate map of Mars was to blame for everything, the Viking made it in very low quality.

In one of the photographs, the pyramid had almost perfect symmetry. Since the pyramids were located next to the "Face on Mars", they gave rise to an enormous amount of speculation about their origin. These fascinating theories were dispelled much later when higher resolution photographs were obtained.

The famous "Face on Mars" in high quality

A detailed map of Mars, satellite photos and other studies have shown that "Face on Mars" is a hill with a peculiar shape. Similar geological formations can be found on Earth. They are usually formed by ice or weathering. There are good examples of such formations on Earth, for example: the Matterhorn in Switzerland, Mount Thielsen in the USA, and the Assiniboine Mountain of Canada.

The past of the planet

Mars is currently dry and cold, but it has been established that it was once a humid and warm world. Several instruments on the Mars Express probe transmitted data that suggested that ancient Mars was warm enough to support liquid water on the surface. The probe's instruments detected chemicals formed only in the presence of liquid water. In addition, there are surface features that scientists believe were formed as a result of water erosion.

A map of Mars in the past illustrates what the planet might have looked like billions of years ago. An animation by amateur astronomer Kevin Gill showing us an actual living Mars that could have existed during its heyday. So full map Mars, was created using data from a laser range meter installed on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and satellite images from NASA's Blue Marble Next Generation project.

This map of Mars with oceans is not entirely accurate, the sea level was not established from a scientific point of view, but with the expectation that the liquid would flood most of the Mariner Valley, and also form the coastline in the northern part of the planet, on the outskirts of Mount Olympus.

The clouds are taken straight from the same NASA Blue Marble project and rendered rather randomly, but they still look good. This map of Mars with water deserves a different name, such as a map of Mars after colonization or a map of Mars after terraforming, but not fictional images of the distant past of the planet.

One day from the past life of the planet

Methane in the atmosphere

Many people think that Mars is a dead world covered with a thin layer of iron oxide. People who thought it was a dead world were shocked when researchers found evidence of methane in the Martian atmosphere.

There are two reasons for the presence of methane in the planet's atmosphere: biological or geological. The possibility of life on the planet, an intriguing but almost impossible reason. The geological process remains, i.e. volcanism. A satellite map of Mars indicates that there are not so many volcanic regions, the largest is the Tharsis plateau, on which four of the largest volcanoes are located, including Olympus mons.

Tharsis region, computer model. On the right is the Labyrinth of Night, three volcanoes in the center - Mount Askriyskaya, Mount Peacock and Mount Arsia

By the way, a real-time satellite map of Mars allows you to make a virtual trip to this mountain in one click.

Methane is rapidly destroyed in the atmosphere by radiation from the Sun and solar wind, so the source that provides the methane must be constantly active. Methane is the main component of natural gas on Earth. With a very low accuracy, the map of Mars allows you to see the content of methane in the atmosphere and its presence, therefore, for a more complete study of this gas, the Indian probe "Mangalyaan" rushes to the planet.

Methane is of interest to astrobiologists because organisms produce most of the Earth's methane when they digest nutrients. If microscopic organisms exist, then they must be deep under the planet's crust. Purely geological processes such as the oxidation of iron (remember, the planet is covered in iron oxide) also releases methane.

Geology

Without plate tectonics, volcanoes on the planet have erupted for millions of years. A detailed map of Mars reveals these massive eruptions, which explain why the entire surface is covered with basalt, which is rich in iron. Iron in basalt rocks interacted with the Martian atmosphere and oxidized. Iron oxide explains why the entire surface of Mars is covered in reddish dust.

Past cataclysms

Scientists believe it was a much larger planet at the beginning of the solar system's history. The impact that created the North Polar Basin was powerful enough to knock part of the planet into space, so the planet may have lost some of its mass as a result of the impact, a high-resolution map of Mars will help you consider the consequences of this cataclysm.

Even the Hubble Space Telescope cannot show us all the details of the mysterious world of the red planet. However, a 3d map of Mars from Google will help you explore the planet in detail. This interactive map of Mars in Russian was created from more than several thousand images taken by artificial probes. Based on data from Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express of the European Space Agency, a satellite map of Mars was compiled, from the Mars Odyssey satellite, the information received was the most relevant.

These spacecraft show us new details of the surface and its structure. A handy map of Mars with names will help you unravel the mysteries of the red planet without leaving your home. The controls are intuitive. By zooming in, you can see the surface in more detail. This detailed map Mars Online is one of the most interactive tools that help not only amateurs, but also educational organizations to more clearly tell about the red planet.

This detailed hypsometric map of Mars is based on data and measurements from a laser altimeter installed on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. On it, the heights (up to 10 km) were marked in red, and the maximum heights (more than 10 km) were colored pink and white-pink. For negative heights, green and blue were used. This photo of a relief map of Mars shows well the phenomenon of dichotomy in the structure of the planet's surface, which consists in the fact that its northern part, on average, is slightly lower than the southern one in height. Scientists believe that many billions of years ago the northern part of the planet, namely its lowlands, was filled with liquid and a detailed gravitational map of Mars confirms this.

Also, the transmitted data from the Mars Global Surveyor showed in detail the form coastline... The most complete map of Mars shows us well the Hellas basin, as well as the Tharsis plateau with four giant extinct volcanoes. This map of Mars, Olympus shows near the edge of Tarsis, and the rest of the Askrian mountains - the upper of the three, below - Peacock and Arsius. The map of Mars shows the valleys well, but the best visible is the Mariners Valley - a tectonic fault with a length of about 5000 km. It should be noted that this large map of Mars was compiled by our compatriots using data from American interplanetary probes. Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the State Astronomical Institute named after P.K. Sternberg, J.F. Rodionova, the map of Mars is her immediate brainchild.

Topographic map of Mars

Topographic designations

A high-quality, modern map of Mars, along with new names that have been assigned to landforms, according to space images, uses the old mythological and geographical names, which were proposed by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli. An accurate map of Mars by NASA shows that the highest elevation on the planet was named Tarsis, and the large circular depression, a depression in the south, with a diameter of more than 2000 km, was named Hellas (as Greece was called in ancient times). The modern map of Mars, the photo of the surface shows strongly cratered, and various parts of the surface are referred to as: Noah's Land, Prometheus Land, etc. The valleys are named after the planet in various languages ​​of the peoples of the Earth. If we take the Khrat Valley, it means “Mars” in Armenian, and the Maadim Valley - in Hebrew. There is also a detailed map of Mars, the labyrinth of the night in which is represented by the most recent detailed images.

But as with all the rules, there are exceptions - the large Mariner Valley, which was named after the successful photographing of the entire surface by the Mariner-9 spacecraft. Smaller, along the length of the valley, are called the names of the rivers of our planet. For example Arsia is the name of the classic albedo education. Aeria - "distant country beyond the fogs" in translation from Greek. Pearl Bay - named after the Indian subcontinent, where pearls were mined in ancient times.

Mars globe map

Craters

By the way, any, pretty clear map Mars, in high resolution, shows us that Martian craters are different from those on the Moon or Mercury. The most accurate map of Mars tells us that these craters are shallower and have traces of water and wind erosion.

Unlike the Moon and Mercury, where there is no liquid (liquid was present on the red planet millions of years ago), no atmosphere. The largest craters are Huygens (about 470 km in size and about 4 km deep), Schiaparelli (465 km in size, 2 km deep) and Cassini (411 km in size.) A 2014 satellite map of Mars indicates that some are very young Martian craters have radial ejections of soil, in those places where the breakup of subsurface ice took place. It should be noted that such splashes of soil are often found in those craters that are located in northern regions planets.

Selection of maps

Finally, we present to your attention a small selection. Big map Mars undoubtedly deserves top attention, as the physical map of Mars is undoubtedly good. This high-resolution map of Mars from National Geographic has been compiled by a reputable scientific journal that is popular in many countries around the world, so the National Geographic map of Mars is a great find for anyone interested in astronomy.

And do not forget, in order for the creation of National Geographic, the map of Mars, to appear before you in the maximum size, you need to save it to your computer. It is quite easy to do this - left-click on the picture, and when it opens in full-screen mode, right-click on the image and select the “save as” menu item and save it to a convenient location for viewing.

Amateur astronomers in business

This panoramic map Marsa is compiled by Czech enthusiast Daniel Machacek. He posted this wonderful result of his work on his blog. Map of Mars, objects indicates all relevant (for 2013), also shows the topography of heights. This map of Mars is very rich in designations - Daniel spent quite a lot of time on a detailed compilation that does not contradict such a "monster" as NASA's map of Mars.

Curiosity rover

Gale Crater topography - landing site of the Curiosity rover, according to the Mars Express satellite

For a year now, an entire robotic complex called Curiosity has been operating on the surface of the red planet. In addition to a variety of geological, geochemical and other information, this rover, equipped with a nuclear radioisotope thermogenerator, transmits a variety of photographs of the surface, which scientists and amateur astronomers glued together into detailed images of the surface. A map of Mars, Crater Hale shows how a very ordinary region of the planet, however, directly from the crater itself, thanks to the images of the Mars rover, we can examine in detail the surface of this truly amazing planet without leaving their home.

Spacecraft orbiting the planet

Even the most new card Mars, built from the images of the MRO probe - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter - NASA's multifunctional automatic interplanetary station, is not able to convey all the nuances of the surface with such detail. A complete exploration of Mars, a map of Mars and its detailed characteristics are being refined all the time, and with the introduction of new spacecraft into the planet's orbit, the data are becoming more and more detailed. For comparison, the main camera (HiRISE) of the MRO probe is a 30-cm telescope, which gives a resolution of images of about 30 centimeters per pixel, from a height of 250 km above the surface.

Satellite map of Mars, accurate and detailed thanks to many years of work not only by such probes as MRO and Mars Odyssey, but also by the European Space Agency's Mars Express probe.

A map of Mars from space is actually a stitching of data from all spacecraft, which makes it possible to ensure that even a large wall map of Mars will look very detailed and accurate. And using modern technologies, even from home a map of Mars is available, the entire surface of the planet can be viewed online without much effort.

The openness of the data allowed Google to compile a lot of data to create a modern map of Mars, in which the MRO satellite played a key role. This joint program of Google and NASA, the map of Mars, allows viewing using a regular browser, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. So today it is possible to look at a map of Mars for free without making any special efforts to search.

Mars Global Surveyor

The planet's surface temperature ranges from -65 to -120 degrees Celsius. A thermal emission spectrometer (TPP) aboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft made this detailed temperature map as it passed over the night side of the red planet for 500 orbits.

This temperature map of Mars shows the following temperature scale - white is the warmest regions of the planet, and the colder ones are respectively colored red, yellow and green, and the coldest ones are blue. On this map, the northern hemisphere has summer while the southern hemisphere has a cold Martian winter. Near the planet's equator, small variations in nighttime temperature are associated with features of the surface material. The cold blue regions of the planet are covered in fine dust particles, while the warm regions are covered in sand and rocks.

Application " Maps of Mars in 3D»Invites you to take an exciting journey through surface"Red planet", but first, let's take a closer look at this amazing part of our solar system.

Mars surface structure

Mars is a representative of the terrestrial group of planets, where Mercury, Venus and Earth lead. Unlike the rest of the planets, which appear before us as gas giants, this group has a metal core and a rocky surface.

This planet, like the four it enters into, consists of a liquid core, mantle and crust, but the thickness of the layers is different for each. The density of Mercury on average is 5.4 g / cm³ (for the Earth this parameter is slightly higher - 5.5 g / cm³), it has a liquid core, consisting mostly of iron and nickel. The core of Venus has a similar composition, but with a somewhat low density - 5.2 g / cm³.

The average thickness of the earth's crust on Mars is 30 km for land, and 5 km from the surface of the seabed. The planet's core consists of two parts: the outer one, which begins at a depth of 5100 km and consists of a molten alloy of iron + nickel; and internal - having a similar chemical composition, but with a more solid structure. Surface density - 5.520 g / cm³. The red planet is half the size of the Earth.

Dimensions of the planet Mars

The radius of Mars is 3.389 km, and its circumference is 21.3 thousand km. The volume is 1.63 ¹¹ km³, the mass is at around 6.41 ²⁴ kg. When compared to the Earth, the diameter of the Martian planet is 53% of the Earth's, and the surface area is 38%. A three-dimensional map of the surface of Mars confirms that the total area of ​​this planet is equal to the sum of the area of ​​all earthly continents. Its mass is only 11% of the earth, and the volume is 15% compared to our earthly home. Mars is smaller than its relative Mercury, but its unique world attracts with its mystery, and magnifying 3d maps of Mars allow you to examine it in detail.

Mars surface

Although Mars cannot boast of its size, the largest mountain in the solar system, Olympus (21.2 km), located on its surface, retains the splendor of the dignity of the planet.

Mars surface completely cracked and the deepest is the Mariner Valley. Using the program, you can examine in detail all the basins of the planet and volcanoes, which are considered the largest in the solar system.

Interactive NASA maps will tell about the most prestigious region of Mars - Cydonia, where the most mysterious formations are concentrated: "Face on Mars" and "Sphinx". Thanks to high-resolution photographs taken by orbiting scouts, you will have the opportunity to get much closer to Mars. The surface formation "Sphinx", its appearance resembles a pyramid built by an extraterrestrial civilization. Although, in fact, this and other mysteries of the red planet are nothing more than a miracle of the relief.

Mars surface temperature from Mars Global Surveyor

The daily surface temperature of the planet Mars ranges from -65 ° C to -120 ° C. The thermal emission spectrometer, aboard the Mars Global Surveyor probe, has provided a detailed temperature map of Mars.

The night surface temperature describes the t scale, where the warmest places on the planet are indicated in white, and the coldest areas are colored red, yellow and green, and the coldest is shown in blue.

The data was taken at the time of the passage of the device, over the night side of Mars. The map shows that it is winter in the southern part of Mars, while summer in the northern part of the Martian planet.

"Sphinx", "Face on Mars" and "Pyramids"

Move to:

• Mount Olympus
• Face on mars
• Chasma Canyon

Important! Most likely, to run the application, you will need to connect to the Google Earth service. Next, restart your browser.

"Face" on Mars

Numerous mountains and pyramids located on the surface of Mars have even symmetry. Photos taken in the 70s by the Viking spacecraft looked like a face, so many speculated about the existence of an extraterrestrial civilization. But, as it turned out later, it was the photos taken in poor quality that were to blame.

One of the images wore perfect symmetry, similar to a face, which became food for controversy for many scientists. However, the whole intrigue ended when the photos were obtained in higher quality.

"The face on Mars" turned out to be nothing more than a hill, similar outlines of which can be observed on Earth. Such formations are often created under the influence of ice or constant wind, a striking example of this are the Assiniboine mountain in Canada, Thielsen in the USA and Matterhorn in Switzerland.

History of Mars

Mars was once warm and humid, but now it is a dry and cold planet. NASA rovers transmit data that the climate on ancient planet was warm enough and the surface held water. Confirmation of this conclusion is the chemical found by the probe. substances that can only be created in the presence of moisture. Scientists also suggest that some reliefs could not have been created without the participation of the water abyss.

It is interesting to look at the supposed map of Mars in the past, to look back several billion years ago. Kevin Gill, an astronomer who has created visualizations of real Mars in the past, used a laser range meter located on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft.

The oceans and seas recreated on Mars were created taking into account the flooding of deep valleys, so they only "predict" the water structure of the planet.

The clouds displayed are also arbitrary in nature. The information for their "reconstruction" was taken from the NASA Blue Marble project. A more accurate name for this water map would be Mars after many years of asteroid formation and reception.

Gas - methane

For many, Mars is a cold world with a red surface, but when methane was found on its surface, the opinion of many changed.

Why is methane present in the Martian atmosphere? There can be only two explanations for this: biological and geological. Quite a few people want to believe in the first reason, but the likelihood of the emergence of life on Mars is negligible. The second is volcanism. Satellite maps show that there are not so many volcanic clusters on the planet. The largest is the Tharsis plateau, which gave birth to four volcanoes, one of which is Olympus.

If you look closer at the Tharsis plateau, on the right you can see the Labyrinth of Night and three mountains in the very center: Arsia, Pavlina, Askriyskaya. The program "3d maps of Mars" allows you to approach these mountains and make a trip near their foothills, just by clicking once on the mouse button.

Methane gas tends to quickly degrade when exposed to sunlight and wind, so it is logical to conclude that the sources of methane emissions must be constantly active. The created map of Mars does not allow to accurately convey the location of all sources of methane, but this problem will be solved by the Mangalyaan probe launched to the surface, the purpose of which is to collect accurate data.

Methane is under close scrutiny by astrobiologists, as it is generally known that most of this gas on Earth is produced by microscopic organisms. And besides, the red color of the planet is partly due to the release of methane.

Geological data on the surface of Mars

The absence of tectonic plates would allow volcanoes to erupt for hundreds or millions of years. The Mars map reports a large number of constant eruptions, which contain a large percentage of iron. The "iron" surface was gradually oxidized under the influence of the Martian atmosphere, so this is a suitable explanation for why the planet's surface is covered with a red film.

The past of the Red Planet

Researchers believe that Mars was much larger before, but a powerful impact, after which the North Polar Basin was left, suggests that the planet has lost some of its mass. Upon closer examination of the surface, this conclusion seems justified.

It should be noted that the research carried out by the Hubble shuttle does not fully represent mysterious world Mars. But an interactive map in 3d will allow for deeper research. Thousands of photographs taken by space probes were taken into account when creating this map. A detailed map of the surface of Mars, allowed to make studies of probes Mars Odyssey, Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These space probes made it possible to see the beauty of the planet's surface and structure. Interactive 3d map from Google, will captivate you with the landscapes of Mars without leaving your home. This is a fairly simple and intuitive application that allows you to zoom in and see the corners of the red planet, previously inaccessible to the human eye. Karata is available online, so its research and study is available to everyone: both amateurs and scientists located anywhere in the world.

Hypsometric map of the surface of Mars

The map was created on the basis of the research of the laser altimeter, the space probe "Mars Global Surveyor". Here peaks up to 10 km high are marked in red, and more and more high mountains- indicated in pink and white-pink. The colors for the hollows are green and blue. Exploring this map, you will notice that the northern part of the planet is slightly lower in height than the southern one. From the words of scientists, it becomes clear that the northern part in the past was filled with water, moreover, these words are confirmed by the gravitational map of the red planet.

Images transmitted from the unmanned research station Mars Global Surveyor also allowed a closer look at the outline of the coastline. This detailed map allows you to see the Hellas Basin as well as the four active volcano located on the Tarsis plateau. These images are quite detailed, but the best view here is the Mariners Valley - it is a tectonic fault, the total length of which is 5 thousand km. It is worth emphasizing with special pride that this map was created by our fellow countrymen, who took as a basis the data obtained from American space probes. Special efforts were made by Zh. F. Rodinova.

Topographic designations of the surface of Mars

The modern map, compiled by the efforts of the latest spacecraft, contains new names for landforms, along with old geographical and mythological names. This newest map of Mars reveals that the highest elevation is Tharsis and the annular depression in the south is Hellas. Many valleys are called planets, in different languages ​​of the peoples of the Earth. For example, the Valley of Hrat - which means "Mars" in Armenian, and the Valley of Maadim - in Hebrew.

However, there is one exception in the names - this is the Mariner Valley, which bears the name of the Mariner 9 spacecraft, which filmed this surface in detail. Small valleys were named after the rivers of the Earth. Arsia is a classic albedo education. Zhemchuzhny Bay is the name of the Indian subcontinent, where pearls were searched for in ancient times.

Craters on the surface of the "Red Planet"

Any detailed map of Mars shows that the craters of this planet are different from those found on the Moon and Mercury. Even small craters indicate the presence of erosion on their surface, which has arisen from the effects of water and wind.

The moon and Mercury have no liquid and no atmosphere, but all this was on Mars millions of years ago. The largest craters: Huygens - 470 km, with a depth of 4 km; Schiaparelli - 465 km in size, with a depth of 2 km; Cassini - 411 km in diameter. The satellite map of Mars in 2014 shows that in places where ice breaks up from the surface, radial emissions of soil are observed. What is characteristic - such ground emissions are found in craters located in the north of the planet.

Cards

Large Red Planet Map - Provides a good physical map of Mars. This map was compiled by the staff of the popular science magazine National Geographic, whose authority is recognized throughout the world, therefore these works are of particular interest for people who cannot imagine life without knowledge of space.

Advice. To open the National Geographic map in high resolution, download it to your computer. This operation is quite simple to perform: after the map is fully opened in the browser, click on the left mouse button and select "save as" and specify a convenient folder for saving.

Curiosity rover

The translation of the name of the comic all-terrain vehicle Curiosity literally means "opportunity." The device is equipped with all the tools for collecting geochemical, geological and other information. It also has a nuclear radioisotope thermogenerator, so the Curiosity rover is capable of collecting and transmitting a mass of photographs, which are then glued and studied by scientists. Thanks to the images of this equipment, we have the opportunity to take a closer look at Hale Crater, located in a very interesting region of the planet. Curiosity shots are essentially delivering amazing and most mysterious photographs that we can enjoy with pleasure, everyone at home.

Even the most recent spacecraft launched by NASA's R&D department cannot provide perfect detailing of the surface of Mars. The red planet map is constantly being updated and new / more powerful spacecraft are being launched into orbit. Interesting: the MRO probe - used by NASA has a 30-centimeter telescope capable of taking images with a resolution of 30 cm per pixel, despite the fact that the images are taken from an altitude of 250 km above the surface of Mars.

A detailed map of Mars was created with the active participation of the MRO spacecraft, Mars Odyssey, as well as the Mars Express probe from the European Space Agency.

By and large, a map of Mars is a combination of numerous images of different spacecraft, so even a wall map of a standard size will be quite accurate. At the same time, using computer technology, while sitting at home, you can view the entire surface of Mars online, without making any special efforts in managing the program.

Thanks to the efforts of the giant Google, it was possible to combine all the data to create an interactive 3d program. It is worth mentioning that the MRO probe took over the largest part of the research work... This map is the fruit of a joint collaboration between Google and NASA. Opening the map of Mars online allows a regular browser, for example Google Chrome or Ethernet Explorer, so an overview of the surface of the red planet is available to anyone today. In order to view the maps of Mars online, you just need to go to the global network and find the appropriate service. Maps will be especially interesting for people who are fond of astronomy, but detailed examination of maps and surprisingly interesting places will lure even amateur beginners. It is worth noting that humanity has not yet seen such a detailed study of Mars, therefore, the consideration and study of the red planet, using interactive 3d maps from Google, will allow a person of the twenty-first century to possess the most advanced information.