Crimea project in geography. Presentation on the topic "geographic location of the Crimea"

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In March 2014, rallies in support of Crimea were held in many cities of Russia.

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On March 16, 2014, a referendum was held in Crimea on the possible secession from Ukraine and entry into the Russian Federation.

CHRONICLE OF EVENTS.

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• On March 19, the Constitutional Court recognized the agreement as complying with the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
• On March 20-21, the Treaty was ratified by the State Duma and the Federation Council.
• March 21, 2014 - President Vladimir Putin signed the law on the ratification of the treaty on the admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation

CHRONICLE OF EVENTS.

• On March 18, 2014, an interstate agreement was signed in the Kremlin on the admission of the Republic of Crimea to Russia, in accordance with which new subjects of the Russian Federation are formed - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol.

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• 84 constituent entities of the Russian Federation - REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
• 85 constituent entity of the Russian Federation - the city of federal significance SEVASTOPOL

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The Crimean Peninsula is located in the south of Eastern Europe.

In the north, the peninsula is connected to the mainland by a narrow Perekop isthmus, in the east - the Kerch Strait.

From the west and south, the peninsula is washed by the Black Sea, from the north-east - by water Sea of ​​Azov.

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The name "Crimea" comes from the Turkic - rampart, wall, ditch.

The Perekop shaft was built 2 thousand years ago.

Until the XIII century. the peninsula was named Tavrika, after the ancient tribes of the Taurians who lived here.

Since the 15th century, the peninsula began to be called Tavria, and after its incorporation into Russia in 1783 - Tavrida.

A bit of history.

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The first Russian possessions in eastern Crimea appeared in the 10th century and became part of the Tmutarakan principality, created under Svyatoslav.

V ancient Chersonesos(now part of Sevastopol) in 988, Grand Duke Vladimir I was baptized.

The ruler of Crimea (Tmutarakini) was Mstislav Udaloy, brother of Yaroslav the Wise.

A bit of history.

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In the XIII-XIV centuries. Crimea was part of the Golden Horde.

And after its collapse - as part of the Crimean Khanate.

In 1478, the Crimean Khanate became a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire.

Since the end of the 15th century, the Crimean Khanate made constant raids on the Russian state and Poland. The main purpose of the raids is to capture slaves and resell them in Turkish markets.

A bit of history.

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Russian-Turkish war of 1768 - 1774.

During the war, the Russian army under the command of Peter Rumyantsev and Alexander Suvorov defeated the Turkish troops in the battles of Larga, Cahul and Kozludzh, and the Mediterranean squadron of the Russian fleet under the command of Alexei Orlov and Grigory Spiridovan defeated the Turkish fleet at Chiosk and at Chesk.

As a result of the war, which ended with the victory of the Russian Empire, Novorossiya entered it. North Caucasus, and the Crimean Khanate passed under its protectorate.

A bit of history.

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A bit of history.

From the Manifesto of Catherine II on the annexation of the Crimea.

“... the eternal peace between the All-Russian and Ottoman Empires, a prisoner that We sincerely wish to preserve forever, no less and in exchange and satisfaction of Our losses, We decided to take our Crimean peninsula, Taman Island and the entire Kuban side under our power ... [...]

... Proclaiming to the inhabitants of those places ... we promise sacred and unshakable for ourselves and the Successors of Our Throne to keep them on a par with our natural subjects, to protect and protect their faces, property, temples and natural faith ...

Given in Our patronal city of St. Peter, April 8 DAY from the Nativity of Christ 1783, and Our statehood in the twenty-first summer. Catherine II"

Catherine the Great called Crimea “ the best pearl»Your crown.

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A bit of history.

Potemkin Grigory Alexandrovich, Prince of Tauride favorite and closest assistant to Empress Catherine II. Supervised the development of the Northern Black Sea region and the construction of the Black Sea Fleet. Commander-in-chief of the Russian army in the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791

In 1776 he became Governor-General of the Novorossiysk, Azov and Astrakhan provinces.

At the mouth of the Dnieper, Potemkin founded Kherson with a shipyard, supervised the construction of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk) and the construction of Sevastopol as a military and seaport Russia, the creation of the Black Sea Fleet, both military and commercial.

The invitation of colonists, the founding of cities, the cultivation of forests and vineyards, the encouragement of silkworm breeding, the establishment of schools, factories, printing houses, shipyards - all this was undertaken in an extremely sweeping manner, on a large scale, sparing neither money, nor labor, nor people.

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A bit of history.

Fireworks in honor of Catherine II during her trip to Crimea.

In 1787, the famous trip of Catherine II to the Crimea was undertaken, which turned into Potemkin's triumph.

Created by order of the prince, the Amazon company gave considerable pleasure to the empress, Kherson, with its fortress, surprised even foreigners, and the view of the Sevastopol raid with a squadron of 15 large and 20 small ships was the most spectacular sight of the entire journey. When parting with the Empress in Kharkov, Potemkin received the honorary nickname Tauride.

"POTEMKINSKIE VILLAGES"

The luxurious appearance of the settlements and the well-groomed of their inhabitants were so amazing that they raised doubts about the authenticity of the presented picture. Therefore, envious people began to assert that these were dummies installed by order of Potemkin, models of houses, and in reality there were no villages.

However, the fact remains that cities and towns were built, the population settled down, and the borders of Russia were strengthened. Moreover, it was a serious diplomatic step. It was necessary to show foreign guests (including the Austrian Emperor Joseph II) that Russia stands firm on the newly acquired lands and intends to maintain them in the best possible way.

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SEVASTOPOL is a city of Russian glory.

In the 5th century BC. e. Greek colonists built their fortress-colony Chersonesos (part of the territory of modern Sevastopol)

Immediately after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Catherine II gave instructions to find a place to build a military port. The founder of the city was Rear Admiral Foma Fomich Mekenzi, who on June 14, 1783 laid the first four stone buildings of Sevastopol.

Business card... Features of nature

Crimea nature

• LESSON 1: Business card. Features of nature
• LESSON 2: Population and Economy
• LESSON 3: Crimean cities, sights

• Explore the features of the Crimean Republic:
• Nature
• Population
• Household.
• Sights.

Business card. Features of nature

• S ubject of the Russian Federation, which is part of the Crimean Federal District. It was formed on March 18, 2014 on the basis of an agreement on the admission of the independent sovereign Republic of Crimea to Russia. The capital of the Republic of Crimea is the city of Simferopol.

• Area: 27,000 km² Population: 2,284,400

• It protrudes deeply into the Black Sea, which is washed from the south and west, and from the east it is washed by the Sea of ​​Azov. The coastline of the Crimean peninsula exceeds 2,500 km. Of these, almost 50% falls on the Sivash region, 750 km on the Black Sea and about 500 on the Azov.
• In the north, it is connected to the continent by a narrow (up to 8 km) Isthmus of Perekop. The area is about 26 860 km², of which 72% is plain, 20% is mountains and 8% is lakes and other water bodies.

The largest bays on the Black Sea coast: Karkinitsky, Kalamitsky, Feodosia.

On the coast of the Azov: Sivash, Kazantip and Arabat.

In the east of the Crimea there is the Kerch Peninsula, in the west - the Tarkhankut, Heraclean Peninsula, in the north - Tyup-Tarkhan.

Geological structure

• From a geological point of view, the Crimean Peninsula is the southern part of the Ukrainian crystalline shield of the East European platform, within which the Scythian plate and the Crimean fold area are distinguished.

• By the nature of the relief, the peninsula is divided into three unequal parts:
• 1) North Crimean Plain with the Tarkhankut Upland (about 70% of the territory),
• 2) ridge-hilly plains of the Kerch Peninsula with the manifestation of mud volcanism
• 3) mountainous Crimea, stretching in three ridges - Main (southern), Inner and Outer (northern), separated by longitudinal plains.

• High mountain peaks:

Roman-Kosh - 1545 m;

• Demir-Kapu - 1540 m;
• Zeytin-Kosh - 1534 m;
• Kemal-Egerek - 1529 m;
• Eklizi-Burun - 1527 m;
• Angara-Burun - 1453 m.

• Mountain structures of the Crimea are part of the Alpine folded geosynclinal area. The folded region of the Mountainous Crimea is a large block uplift, the southern part of which is lowered below the level of the Black Sea. The shores are accumulatively leveled. Length coastline 980 km, of which 76% are abrasive shores (that is, where rocks collapsed under the influence of waves).

• Mineral deposits: mineral salts, construction raw materials, combustible gas, thermal waters, iron ore. Natural recreational resources are of the greatest importance: mild climate, warm sea, curative mud, mineral water, picturesque landscapes.

• Crimea, despite its relatively small territory, has a varied climate. The climate of Crimea is divided into three subzones:
• 1) Steppe Crimea (most of Crimea, north, west and center of Crimea).
• 2) Crimean mountains
• 3) South coast of Crimea
• The climate of the northern part is temperate continental, on the southern coast - with features similar to the subtropical. The average January temperature is from −1 ... −3 ° C in the north of the steppe zone to + 1 ... −1 ° C in the south of the steppe zone, on the southern coast of Crimea from + 2 ... + 4 ° C. The average July temperature of the South Coast and the eastern part of Crimea: Kerch and Feodosia + 23 ... + 25 ° C. Precipitation ranges from 300-400 mm per year in the north to 1000-2000 mm in the mountains.

• In summer (in the second half of July) in the steppe part of Crimea, the daytime air temperature reaches + 35 ... + 37 ° C in the shade, at night up to + 23 ... + 25 ° C. The climate is predominantly dry, with seasonal dry winds prevailing. The Black Sea warms up to + 25 ° C in summer. The Sea of ​​Azov warms up to + 27 ... + 28 ° С.

Climate. Distribution of total solar radiation.

Air temperature (July)

Air temperature (January)

The climate of most of Crimea can be characterized as a climate of the temperate zone - mild steppe in the plains, more humid, characteristic of deciduous forests - in the mountains. South Bank Crimea is characterized by a subtropical Mediterranean.

Temperate continental belt

Subtropical Mediterranean Belt (SBC)

Moderate continental climate

Moderate climate (mountain forest)

Subtropical Mediterranean (South Coast)

Internal waters of the Crimea. The rivers

A relatively small amount of atmospheric precipitation, a long dry summer, the spread of karst rocks in the mountains led to the poverty of the Crimea in surface waters. Due to the unequal conditions of the formation and distribution of surface waters, Crimea is divided into two parts: a plain steppe with a very small number of surface watercourses and a mountain forest with a relatively dense river network. Almost all the rivers of the peninsula originate here. There are no rivers only on the flat surfaces of the yailas.

• 257 rivers flow through the territory of Crimea (the largest are Salgir, Kacha, Alma, Belbek), Indol, Biyuk-Karasu, Chornaya, Burulcha. The longest river in Crimea is Salgir (220 km), the deepest is Belbek (water consumption is 1500 liters per second).

• There are over 50 salt lakes in Crimea, the largest of them is Sasyk-Sivash Lake - 205 km². The Black Sea artesian basin is located. The steppe part is cut by canals for irrigation, the largest is the North Crimean canal.

Underground waters of Crimea

Severo-Sivashsky, Belogorsky, Alminsky basins

Artesian basin of Mountain Crimea.

Much more precipitation falls in the mountains than in the flat Crimea, and evaporation, on the contrary, is less. Therefore, runoff is formed in the mountains, in the foothills (primarily within the Outer Ridge) - the penetration of water into permeable rock strata, and in the lowland Crimea - the accumulation of groundwater. Water trapped in the limestone mass moves to the north and west. There they formed a powerful artesian basin. Thus, the lowland Crimea, poor in surface water, has consistently received good quality water from the mountains for a long geological time.

In the artesian basins of the flat Crimea, according to scientists, there are up to 75% of the operational reserves of fresh water. The most extensive here Severo-Sivashsky, Belogorsky and Alminsky artesian pools. They are giant troughs in the earth's crust, in which the number and thickness of rock layers, including aquifers, tend to increase.

Crimea soils

Mountain-forest

M o rn y C r m

Brown

Plain Crimea is located in the subzone of sod-grass dry steppes with southern black soil and dark chestnut soils .

The southern coast and partly the southwestern part of Crimea are characterized by brown soil formed under sub-Mediterranean dry forests and scrublands.

Chernozems and dark chestnut

Population and economy of Crimea

• 65% Russians, 24% Ukrainians, 11% Cr. Tatars, 1% Belarusians, Armenians, Jews, Moldovans, Poles, Greeks, Gypsies. According to the results of the population census in the Crimean Federal District in 2014, the absolute majority of the population of the peninsula named Russian as their native language - 84%. Crimean Tatar native was named for 7.9%, Tatar - for 3.7%, Ukrainian - for 3.3%. Russian was called their native language by 79.7% of Ukrainians, 24.8% of Tatars and 5.6% of Crimean Tatars. For 0.1% of Russians, the native language is Ukrainian.

1,239,800 people, in rural areas - 730,000 people. The largest cities are Sevastopol, Simferopol, Kerch, Evpatoria and Feodosia.

Simferopol

Sevastopol

The largest city on the Crimean peninsula is Sevastopol - 389 921 inhabitants (2009), the capital of the Republic of Crimea Simferopol is in second place - 337 139 inhabitants (2009). Historically, Sevastopol and Simferopol are characterized by "competition" for the 1st place in terms of population, the third place since the first all-Russian population census in 1897 invariably belongs to Kerch

• Feodosia Mechanical Plant
• Plant "Gidropribor" (Feodosia)
• Sevastopol Instrument-Making Plant
• Santekhprom plant (Simferopol)
• Research and Production Association "Pneumatics"

Kamysh-Burunsky iron ore plant

• Kerch Metallurgical Plant named after P. L. Voikova

Dzhankoy Machine-Building Plant

Plant "Selhozdetal" (Simferopol)

• Shipbuilding:
• Kerch shipyard "Zaliv"
• Feodosia shipbuilding company "MORE"
• Sevastopol Marine Plant named after S. Ordzhonikidze

• Mining:
• Balaklava Ore Management named after M.Gorky
• Chernomorneftegaz

• The chemical industry of Crimea has a clearly pronounced focus on sources of raw materials and therefore is located in the city of Saki, adjacent to large salt lakes Sasyk and Saki and on the Perekop isthmus, where the system of bitter-salt lakes is located

• Saki chemical plant (Saki)
• Research and Production Association "Yodobrom" (Saki)
• Crimean soda plant (Krasnoperekopsk)
• Perekopsky bromine plant (Krasnoperekopsk)
• Crimean Titan (Armyansk)
• chemical production in Simferopol

• WINE MAKING:

• Wine house "Fotisal" (Bakhchisarai)
• Bakhchisarai winery (Bakhchisarai)
• Factory of sparkling wines "Novy Svet" (Novy Svet)
• Factory of vintage wines and cognacs "Koktebel" (Koktebel)
• Winery "Zolotoe Pole" (Zolotoe Pole)
• LLC "Agrofirm" Zolotaya Balka "(Balaklava)
• Inkerman Factory of Vintage Wines (Inkerman)
• National production and agricultural association "Massandra" (Yalta) (pictured)
• National Institute of Grape and Wine "Magarach" (Yalta)

• SE "Sevastopol Wine Factory" (Sevastopol)
• PJSC "Solnechnaya Dolina" (Solnechnaya Dolina)

Tobacco industry:

• Simferopol Tobacco Fermentation Plant
• Feodosia tobacco factory

• The specialization of Crimea's agriculture is grain growing, animal husbandry, viticulture, horticulture, vegetable growing, as well as the cultivation of essential oil crops (lavender, rose, sage).
• In the structure of agricultural land, which occupies 63% of the territory of Crimea, arable land prevails (63.3% of the total area of ​​agricultural land). This is followed by pastures - 22.9%, perennial plantings - 8.7% and hayfields - 0.1%.

• The oldest agricultural industry in Crimea is viticulture. Crimea is famous for its technical grape varieties, which are used for the production of high-quality wines, cognacs and juices. The republic was the main region of Ukraine for the production of grapes. In 2013, Crimea harvested 472 thousand tons of vegetables and almost 412 tons of potatoes

sights

One of the most scenic spots Crimea - Balaklava Bay, has long won the hearts of tourists and residents themselves. We shouldn't lag behind either!

sights

The Khan's palace is located on the Crimean territory, in the city of Bakhchisarai, on the left bank of the Churuk-Su river and dates back to the 16th century.

sights

"Dzhur-Dzhur ..." - the Crimean most full-flowing waterfall is streaming from a fifteen-meter height at a speed of about three hundred liters per second.

In the Crimean Tatar language, the name of the picturesque waterfall located in the vicinity of the famous resort town Alushta, and it means: "water" or "gurgling" ("Curcur").

sights

Vorontsov Palace (19th century) is located in the city of Alupka, at the feet of the Ai-Petri hill.

sights

The Genoese fortress is located on the "Fortress" mountain near the city of Sudak, on the Crimean coast, built by the Genoese in the period from 1371 to 1469.

sights

Mount Ai-Petri (1234 meters) rises above the city of Alupka and the village of Koreiz on the territory of the Yalta mountain forest reserve

sights

One of the most popular natural sites is Ayu-Dag Mountain, located on the border between Alushta and Yalta.

sights

Swallow's Nest (19th century) is located in the village of Gaspra. The architectural and historical monument rises 40 meters above the sea, located on the steep cliff of Cape Ai-Todor.

sights

Livadia Palace, park, Svitsky (Prague) building, Fredericks palace, Holy Cross Church in the complex are an architectural and natural ensemble located in the village of the same name, on Black Sea coast Yalta Crimea. Directly with Yalta, it is separated by three kilometers.

sights

Massandra Palace (19th century) or the palace of Alexander III is located on the Crimean south coast, on the territory of the Upper Massandra. It is a branch of the Alupka Palace and Park Museum-Reserve.

sights

The cape, also known as the Tarkhantuk peninsula, is a real pearl of Crimea, and, moreover, the most extreme point of the Crimean peninsula, with which it has a land border of 52 kilometers.

This place embodies the dream of a tourist - ecological purity, healing climate and vibrant nature.

sights

The mysterious medieval fortress city of Chufut-Kale, which is 2.5 km east of the no less legendary Bakhchisarai, rises above three picturesque valleys.

sights

Kara-Dag is a mountain-volcanic massif on the territory of the Feodosia City Council of Crimea, on the shores of the Black Sea. The reserve occupies the territory of a volcanic massif.

Kara-Dag (Karadag), translated from Turkish and Crimean Tatar languages ​​into Russian - “ black Mountain". Nearby is the resort of Koktebel

sights

The Golden Gate is an arched coastal rock, located in the sea, 85 meters from the coast of the ancient extinct volcano Kara-Dag. WELCOME TO THE CRIMEA !!!

The Crimean peninsula occupies a relatively small territory - in area it is 20 times smaller than the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas, 15 times smaller than Kamchatka and Asia Minor. But Crimea became famous, significant and attractive largely due to the peculiarities of its nature, and above all to its peculiar geographical location.

There are no wars without losses, and sometimes victory brings so many losses that it looks more like defeat. War is always unpredictable - your opponent can become your ally if you two have common interests. The most affected by the war are the innocent, who are drawn into the battle against their will. War is a way of deception. And sometimes you yourself are deceived.

At dawn on June 22, 1941, fascist aircraft bombed many Soviet cities, including the main base of the Black Sea Fleet, Sevastopol. Already on June 2223, rallies were held in all cities and villages of the Crimea, in factories, factories, construction sites, educational institutions, collective and state farms, at which the workers angrily branded the fascist aggressors and unanimously declared their determination to defend the socialist homeland. After the rallies, hundreds of workers were sent to recruiting centers with a request to send them to the front. In the first days of the war, over 8.1 thousand Crimean communists, more than 1/3 of the regional party organization joined the ranks of the Red Army and the Navy.

Nature will act on us with all its power only when we bring into the sensation of its humanity, when our state of mind, our love, our joy or sorrow come in full accordance with nature and it will no longer be possible to separate the freshness of the morning from the light of our loved ones the eye and the measured noise of the forest from reflections on the life lived.

Vegetable world The Crimean peninsula is extremely diverse: according to some sources, it has 2400 wild species of higher plants, according to others, you can find such plants as: Walnut, Poyarkova hawthorn, beech and others.

The connection between the uniqueness of the geographical position of Crimea and the originality of the fauna of the peninsula is no less obvious than for the flora, although animals are more dynamic. In addition to species typical for the nearby southern regions of Ukraine, we everywhere meet animals of the Mediterranean range on the peninsula. You can find such plants as: stingray, owl, dolphin, red deer and others.

Rest in Crimea has always been in demand, and recently it has become even more attractive. The cost of housing in the private sector of Crimea is cheaper than in many other resorts, but there are a lot of comfortable and expensive hotels. A variety of resorts in Crimea, a huge number of attractions in all corners of the peninsula make rest in Crimea interesting and varied. Eastern coast of Crimea Southern coast of Crimea Sevastopol

According to the 2001 census, the population of Crimea is 2.031 million people, of which the four most large cities autonomy - Sevastopol (365.8 thousand people), Simferopol (364 thousand people), Kerch (157.2 thousand people) and Evpatoria (122 thousand people) - 41% live. The share of the urban population of Crimea is 63%, living in rural settlements- 37% (according to the previous 1989 census, this ratio was 70% to 30%).

1. The length of the longest trolleybus route in the world is 86 kilometers, and it runs in the Crimea between Simferopol and Yalta. 2. Another interesting animal of the Crimea can be considered the South Russian tarantula. Its bite can cause anaphylactic shock, and besides, the bite itself is very painful, despite the fact that the spider is only 3.5 cm in size. 3. The shallowest sea in the world is the Sea of ​​Azov. It washes the shores of the Crimea. The maximum depth of the Azov Sea is 15 meters.

As a result of the referendum that took place on March 16, 2014. the majority of Crimeans voted to join Russia. Currently, the Republic of Crimea is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and is part of the Crimean Federal District. March 18, 2014 an agreement was concluded on the admission to the Russian Federation of the independent sovereign Republic of Crimea (entry in notebooks), proclaimed within the administrative boundaries of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol (received the status of a city of federal significance). March 21, 2014 Putin V.V. signed the federal constitutional law on the entry of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol into the Russian Federation (invite students to assess this historical event).

NATURE OF CRIMEA Educator Strekalova I.A. MBDOU d / s combined type No. 4 "Sun", Belogorsk, Republic of Crimea

Purpose: acquaintance with the beauty and diversity of the nature of the Crimean peninsula. Tasks: - to develop a cognitive interest in nature, observation; - to foster love for the world around and the need to preserve natural resources.

The people of Crimea are called "the world in miniature". And it is quite justified, because the nature of the Crimea is so diverse and unique. Only on the Crimean peninsula can one encounter a combination of flat mountain peaks, see yayly with coldish and incredibly humid air. And just a couple of kilometers later, the warm Black Sea shores with their pebble and sandy beaches... The beautiful nature of Crimea is not all that this peninsula can surprise with. Its pleasant climate also delights locals and tourists alike. Most of the territory is dominated by a climate characteristic of the temperate zone: in the plains it is steppe and mild, and in the mountains it is more humid, just the same as can be found in deciduous forests.

Another feature of Crimea is a very clear change of vegetation from north to south. The northern part of the peninsula is hilly steppe.

In the area of ​​the foothills, the steppes change to forest-steppe. Here, in addition to steppe plants, species such as juniper, downy oak, shaggy pear, wild rose, hornbeam, etc. grow.

Mountains rise in the southern part of the Crimean peninsula. Oak forests grow on the mountains. With height, oak forests give way to beech forests. 200-250-year-old trees amaze with their power and primordial gloomy beauty. It is always very gloomy here, even the undergrowth and grass cover are absent, there is only a thick layer of fallen leaves. At an altitude of about a thousand meters, huge mighty beeches give way to gnarled, stunted trees. At the very top, forests give way to flat peaks, which are separated from each other by very deep passes

Further, closer to the sea, there is a belt of beech-pine and pine forests, which consists of Crimean pine and Scots pine. There are also oaks, beeches, and hornbeams. Natural pine forests more pronounced on the South Coast, which cannot be said about the southeastern part

The Crimean mountains stretch along the southern coast of the peninsula in a gentle arc over 160 km long and up to 40-50 km wide. They are clearly divided into three chains: Main, Inner and Outer.

Mount Demerdzhi is considered a natural wonder of the Crimean peninsula. Here you can find huge boulders of intricate shape, colossus and pillars. This was done not by the hand of a master, but by nature itself. The almighty wind, her majesty water and time can sometimes create something that is beyond the power of man. Depending on the time of day, almost every hour, the color of the mountain changes. The overflow of sunlight on the slopes of the Crimean beauty resembles a rainbow.

Not far from Demerdzhi there is the village of Radiant and next to it the "Valley of Ghosts" with stones of the most bizarre shape, this is very unusual. As a rule, everyone finds here a stone that he likes. The stones have original names: mother-in-law, witch, Peter's finger.

Mount Ai-Petri is the pearl of the Crimean mountains.

The Golden Gate in Crimea is one of the most amazing places in the world. The gate is located in the Feodosiya region of Crimea, near the urban-type settlement Koktebel.

Ayu-Dag or Medved is a mountain ́ - a mountain on the southern coast of Crimea, located on the border of Big Alushta and Big Yalta.

Roman Kosh is the most high mountain in Crimea. According to legend, in the caves of Mount Roman - Kosh, pirates and robbers hid treasures, which they robbed by honest and backbreaking work

White Rock (Ak - Kaya) is a landmark of the city of Belogorsk. A large number of films were filmed here: "Mirage", "The Headless Horseman", "The Man from Boulevard des Capucines", "Chippolino", "Code of the Apocalypse", etc.

Red caves in Crimea (Simferopol district) are, in fact, a whole underground system, simply stunning with their enormous size, ramification, bizarre shapes and completely unearthly, fantastic beauty. When you visit Kizil-Koba (this is their second name), you get the impression that you find yourself in another world, mysterious, beautiful

One kilometer from it is Mramornaya cave.

Emine Bair Khosar cave or Mammoth cave

From the west and south, the Crimean peninsula is washed by the Black Sea, from the east - by the Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Strait. The Azov Sea is the shallowest sea of ​​the World Ocean.

From the north, the Crimean Peninsula cuts deep into the Black Sea.

Crimea is rich in waterfalls. Uchan Su waterfall descends from Ai Petri mountain - the highest waterfall in Crimea

Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall in the Alushta region

There are lakes in Crimea, among them there are many healing ones - Saki Lake

Lake Moinaki near Evpatoria is popular for its curative mud. The beauty, diversity of the flora and fauna of the Crimea, its curative climate have made the Crimea a truly pearl of the Earth.

Slide 2

Alexander Pushkin "Tavrida. 1821."

Who has seen the land where oak forests and meadows are revived with the luxury of nature, Where the waters rustle and shine merrily And the peaceful shores caress ...

Slide 3

Geographic location is the location of any geographic feature(natural or man-made) relative to the surface of the Earth and in relation to other objects with which it interacts.

Slide 4

Crimea is an amazing treasury, a natural museum that keeps the secrets of millennia. Griboyedov

Slide 5

Crimea on the map

Slide 6

The Crimean peninsula occupies a relatively small territory - in area it is 20 times smaller than the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas, 15 times smaller than Kamchatka and Asia Minor. But Crimea became famous, significant and attractive largely due to the peculiarities of its nature, and above all to its peculiar geographical location. The southernmost point of Crimea (44 ° 23 ") is Cape Sarych, near the village of Foros, located between Sevastopol and Alupka. The northernmost point (46 ° 15") is located on the Perekop Isthmus, near the village of Perekop. The westernmost point of Crimea (32 ° 29 ") is Cape Priboyny (Kapa-Mryn) on the Tarkhankut Peninsula. The most eastern (36 ° 39") is Cape Fonar on the Kerch Peninsula. The area of ​​the Crimean peninsula exceeds 26 thousand km2, the maximum distance from north to south is 205 km, from west to east - 325 km.

Slide 7

Crimea is rightfully called a natural pearl. Here, at the junction of temperate and subtropical latitudes, a variety of landscapes have formed, including mountains and plains, ancient volcanoes and modern mud hills, seas and lakes, forests and steppes stretching from the South Coast sub-Mediterranean to the semi-desert Sivash region ...

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Crimea is located in the latitudinal belt of the Earth, equidistant from the equator and the North Pole (about 5 thousand kilometers each). In the north, the peninsula is joined to the mainland by the narrow (7-23 km) Perekop isthmus. From the west and south, the peninsula is washed by the Black Sea, from the east - the Kerch Strait (border with Asia!) And in the north-east - the Sea of ​​Azov and its Sivash bay.

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The CLIMATE of most of the Crimea is the climate of the temperate zone: mild steppe - in the flat part; more humid, typical for deciduous forests - in the mountains. The southern coast of Crimea is characterized by a sub-Mediterranean climate of dry forests and shrubs.

Crimea, especially its mountainous part, thanks to the comfortable climate, richness of clean air toned with phytoncides, sea salts, pleasant aroma of plants, it also has a great healing power. The bowels of the earth also contain healing mud and mineral waters.

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Reservoirs of Crimea

In Crimea, there are 1,657 rivers and temporary watercourses with a total length of 5996 km. Of these, about 150 rivers are dwarf rivers up to 10 km in length. The Salgir River alone is more than 200 km long. The river network is extremely unevenly developed on the peninsula. There are also over 300 lakes and estuaries. Almost all of them are saline and are located along the coast, in the low-lying steppe part and in several freshened lakes. Koyashskoe Lake Churbashskoe Chokrakskoe Terekly (Salt) Ak-Mechetskoe Estuary and others.

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CRIMEA MOUNTAINS Mount Demerdzhi

Mountain system formed by three mountain ranges stretching from Cape Aya in the vicinity of Balaklava in the west to Cape St. Elijah at Feodosia in the east. Length Crimean mountains about 160 km, width about 50 km. The outer ridge is a series of cuestas, gradually rising to heights of about 350 m. The inner ridge reaches a height of 750 m. The highest point of the Main ridge stretching along the South Shore of the Black Sea - Mount Roman-Kosh with a height of 1545 m, is located on Babugan Yaila. Mount Ai-Petri

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The flora of the Crimean peninsula is extremely diverse: according to some sources, it has 2400 wild species of higher plants, according to others - 2775. You can find such plants as: Walnut, hawthorn, beech and others.

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The connection between the uniqueness of the geographical position of Crimea and the originality of the fauna of the peninsula is no less obvious than for the flora, although animals are more dynamic. In addition to the species characteristic of the nearby southern regions, we everywhere meet on the peninsula animals of the Mediterranean range. You can find such animals as: stingray, owl, dolphin, red deer and others.

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Evpatoria Diana's Grotto The Rock of the Holy Apparition Catherine's Mile Ocheretai Bay

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Pike perch Simeiz Yalta Gurzuf Kerch Sandy

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According to the 2001 census, the population of Crimea is 2.031 million people, of which the four largest cities of the autonomy - Sevastopol (365.8 thousand people), Simferopol (364 thousand people), Kerch (157.2 thousand people) .) and Evpatoria (122 thousand people) - 41% live. The share of the urban population of Crimea is 63%, living in rural areas - 37% (according to the previous 1989 census, this ratio was 70% to 30%).

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More than 80 nationalities live in Crimea, the most numerous of them are Russians (65-70%), Crimean Tatars (18%), Ukrainians (10-15%). According to official data that were compiled as a result of the census at the beginning of 2014. The population of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol is 2 million 734 thousand people.

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1. The length of the longest trolleybus route in the world is 86 kilometers, and it runs in the Crimea between Simferopol and Yalta. 2. Another interesting animal of the Crimea can be considered the South Russian tarantula. Its bite can cause anaphylactic shock, and besides, the bite itself is very painful, despite the fact that the spider is only 3.5 cm in size. 3. The shallowest sea in the world is the Sea of ​​Azov. It washes the shores of the Crimea. The maximum depth of the Azov Sea is 15 meters.