The phrase "architecture of Spain" in most people quite naturally evokes the image of Barcelona with its outstanding masterpieces from the great Catalan architect Antoni Gaudi... However, modern Spain is a country with striking architecture that is in no way inferior to other developed countries.

Our roundup presents 25 outstanding examples of contemporary architecture in Spain.

1. Museum of Drawing and Illustration Museo ABC in Madrid

The Museum of Drawing and Illustration in Madrid is the most modern in Spain. The ABC Museum consists of small cafes, shops, restoration rooms and two exhibition halls directly, which showcase a rich collection of works of all kinds of art, sculpture, animation and graphic design. In addition to exhibitions, various cultural events, training workshops and courses are held within the walls of the museum.

2. House BF House in Castellon

The amazing BF House, located on a hill in the city of Castiglion, is an excellent example of a competent organization of space that contributes to the most comfortable living. The BF House is a huge slab resting on 3 V-shaped metal supports that carry the weight of the entire building. One of the most important principles laid down by the authors in this project is the maximum lightening of the interiors due to the glass walls.

3. Skyscraper Agbar Tower in Barcelona

Skyscraper Agbar Tower in Barcelona at night

The modern skyscraper Agbar Tower, erected in 2004, is the creation of a famous French architect Jean Nouvel... The shape of the building and the design of the facade are intended to embody the water element of Spain and the outlines of Montserrat, located in Catalonia. The facade of the building is striking in a variety of color schemes, which are achieved using multi-colored metal panels with 4,000 lighting devices. These elements form complex color combinations that create a "pixelated" effect. However, from a distance, all the pixels merge, and the Agbar Tower seems to be iridescent with all the colors of the rainbow.

The 38-storey building has become one of the most important symbols of the new Barcelona.

4. The Alamillo pedestrian bridge in Seville

Famous masterpiece from the Spaniard Santiago Calatrava, the Alamillo pedestrian bridge, was built in 1992 in Seville. The uniqueness of the 200-meter track laid through is that its weight is supported by only one support and 13 tensioned steel cables. At night, the bridge, painted completely white, takes on a very picturesque color.

5. Center for Culinary Arts of the Basque Country in Guipuzcoa

The modern complex of the Culinary Arts Center was built in 2011 in the city of Guipuzcoa. The architecture of this object, unable to leave indifferent even the most distant person from architecture, is formed with the help of curved surfaces randomly placed on top of each other.

The building includes premises for training students of culinary institutes, lecture halls, cafes, shops and even its own mini-farm. It is worth noting that the Culinary Arts Center was nominated for the Plataforma Arquitectura Award for Best Architectural Site of 2011, but took an honorable third place.

6. Multifunctional sports arena "Bilbao Arena" in Bilbao

Opened in 2010, the multifunctional sports arena in Bilbao is one of the greenest in the world. This sports facility mainly hosts basketball games, but has recently been increasingly hosting music concerts and various cultural events. Also on the territory of the arena are gyms and a swimming pool.

7. Villa "Home for Life" in Palma de Mallorca

Villa "House for Life", the architecture of which has no analogues in the world, was built in 2009 in the main resort town Spain, Palma de Mallorca. The house consists of two buildings - rectangular in plan and curvilinear. The first one contains the living room, bedrooms, guest rooms and a kitchen-dining room, and the second one contains an office and a home theater. The residential group also includes a stunningly beautiful swimming pool connected to the main area by a decorative staircase.

8. City Hall in Bilbao

Bilbao's modern city hall, unusual in shape, was built in the city center. In its intended purpose, this masterpiece of deconstructivism from IMB Architects is to replace the old town hall of Bilbao, built back in the 90s of the XX century. The building houses exhibition halls, cafes, restaurants, meeting rooms, offices and conference rooms.

9. Forum building in Barcelona

The Forum building was designed by a Swiss tandem of architects Herzog & de Meuron and was built specifically for the Forum of Cultures in the capital of Catalonia in 2004.

In plan, this avant-garde building is an equilateral triangle with sides of 180 meters and a height of 25 meters. Of particular interest is the building's facades with curved glass panels stretching across the entire height of the complex. This stunning building plays a vital role in shaping the image of modern Barcelona.

10. Architectural complex "City of Arts and Sciences" in Valencia

Opera theatre

Science Museum

IMAX cinema, planetarium and laser theater

"City of Arts and Sciences" - amazing architectural complex of the five structures that are located on the drained bottom of the Turia River in the resort town of Valencia. The idea and general concept of the complex belongs to the legendary architect who was born in this city, Santiago Calatrave... The implementation of such a large-scale project lasted from 1996 to 2005.

The City of Arts and Sciences complex includes: Opera theatre, IMAX cinema, planetarium, garden gallery, science museum and open air oceanographic park. This ensemble is one of the most striking and extraordinary masterpieces of modern architecture both in Spain and around the world.

11. Business complex "4 towers" in Madrid

The business complex "4 Towers" includes the 4 tallest buildings in Spain: the 225-meter "Space Tower", the 236-meter tower "Sasir-Vallehermoso", the 249-meter "teklianny tower of Baron Norman Foster" and, finally, the tallest, 250-meter tower "Caja Madrid".

All 4 buildings were erected in the Spanish capital between 1999 and 2005. The square surrounded by these giants has become a center of attraction for both citizens and businessmen from all over the world who make business visits to the capital of the Kingdom of Spain.

12. Residential complex Edificio Mirador in Madrid

The 63-meter-high Edificio Mirador residential complex (21 floors) stands out against the background of the standard development with a huge central opening, which is a kind of public balcony with a stunningly beautiful garden and enchanting views of the local surroundings. Also, a huge hole has a security function - in the event of a terrorist act, the blast wave will pass through the huge hole.

13. Headquarters of the natural gas processing company Gas Natural in Barcelona

Located in the area of ​​La Barcelonetta with predominantly low-rise buildings, the tower very harmoniously fits into the surrounding landscape. The main feature of this glass giant is the strongly protruding consoles. They increase the usable area of ​​the building and shape its unique appearance. It should be admitted that most people have an extremely ambiguous attitude towards this skyscraper.

14. Palais des Congrès and Auditorium Kursaal in San Sebastian

The architectural complex of buildings, located in the city of San Sebastian, consists of two huge prisms - a large auditorium, as well as multi-purpose and exhibition ones.

The Palais des Congrès was designed by a Spaniard Raphael Moneo and opened in 1999. Concert hall with a capacity of about 2 thousand spectators, it also serves as the venue for the largest international film festival. At different levels architectural ensemble there are open terraces with stunning views of the Zurriola beach and the mouth of the Urumea river.

15. Complex Metropol Parasol in Seville

The incredible Metropol Parasol complex, located in the medieval part of Seville, is the world's largest architectural structure made of wood.

Such a large-scale object includes a farmer's market, several restaurants and bars and an archaeological museum, which presents real archaeological excavations. The main feature of Metropol Parasol is the paths for pedestrians and observation decks on the roof, from where a stunning panorama of the Andalusian capital opens up.

16. Museum of Contemporary Art of Castilla in León

The Castilla Museum of Contemporary Art was built in 2005 in León. The main goal of this cultural institution is the constant replenishment and storage of works of art created not earlier than 1992.

The museum received an international calling and was even noted by the American edition of The New York Times as "one of the most amazing and daring museums, which radically changed the modern look of Castilla." Undoubtedly, this museum is considered the main attraction of Leon.

17. Oscar Niemeyer Cultural Center in Aviles

The construction of a huge cultural center, combining all kinds of exhibition pavilions, an observation platform, a music center, a theater stage, cinemas, dance floors and much more, was completed in 2010. The author of the project was a Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer.

With the emergence of this large multifunctional complex, the main industrial city of the autonomous province of Asturias has become a real Cultural Center attracting hundreds of tourists from all over the world.

18. Hotel Porta Fira in Barcelona

The impressive tower of the Porta Fira Hotel in the Catalan capital was designed by the most famous Japanese architect Toyo Ito and built in 2009.

Tourists and local residents are amazed by the organic form of the tower and the incredible texture of its facades, which is a consequence of the use of red aluminum pipes. It is these metal elements that give the hotel walls a vibrating effect and serve as blinds. The Porta Fira tower is considered one of the main masterpieces of deconstructivism in the world.

19. Hotel Puerta America in Madrid

The Puerta America hotel, located in the capital of Spain, is a completely unprecedented phenomenon in the history of architecture, because 19 famous architects from all over the world took part in its creation at the same time, literally sharing the whole hotel by floors. Among those who took part in such an unusual experiment - Zaha Hadid, Norman Foster, Jean Nouvel, David Chipperfield, Arata Isozaki and many others.

20. Twin Towers "Gate of Europe" in Madrid

The second tallest building in Spain, a complex of two identical 114-meter towers in Madrid, was completed in 1994. These skyscrapers tilted at an angle of 15 ° to each other are the world's first tilted skyscrapers.

21. Hospital named after King Juan Carlos of Spain in Madrid

Hospital built in 2012 in the town of Mostoles (Autonomous Community of Madrid - Ed.)- first medical institution Spain, named after the king. The author of the project Raphael de La Josa presented to the public a new type of hospital based on three basic principles: maximum efficiency, light and silence.

The hospital complex consists of two small towers located on a rectangular stylobate (common ground floor - Ed.)... Most floors have atriums (open spaces inside the building - Ed.). Moving inside the hospital is carried out along the ring galleries and elevators. In fact, the stylobate plays the role of a hospital, and the small towers are a polyclinic.

22. Tenerife Auditorium Opera House in Tenerife

One of the most recognizable buildings in Spain, the Tenerife Auditorium is a creative process Santiago Calatrava... The construction of one of the most significant and famous works of modern architecture was completed in 2003.

The scale of this building is simply amazing - the roof alone reaches 100 meters in length and weighs about 350 tons. The theater building includes two halls - organ (1616 seats) and chamber (424 seats). It is curious that you can enter the theater from two sides. Also Tenerife Auditorium provides its visitors with the opportunity to spend time in harmony with nature on special terraces with sea views.

23. Student hostel-residential building in Gandia

Unique facility located in small town near Valencia, serves two purposes at once: it is a hostel for students of the local university and social housing. The complex includes 102 rooms for young students, 40 apartments for retirees and a community center. One of the most important principles in the creation of this hostel was the organization of public spaces, contributing to the improvement of communication and interaction of residents.

24. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao is a huge exhibition space of stone, glass and titanium piles, repeating the contours of the Nervion River. As the design and construction of this huge complex in Bilbao received little press coverage, the opening of the building in 1997 caused a burst of excitement like local population and true connoisseurs of art. It was this incredible building that erected its author, an American architect Frank Gehry, to the rank of the great architects of our time.

25. Olympic Pavilion "Fish" in Barcelona

Unique sculpture of a golden fish - another Spanish masterpiece Fanka Gehry, erected on the coast of Barcelona specifically for the 1992 Olympic Games. This structure of gilded steel mesh, glass and stone was a real technological breakthrough in the field of architecture. It is interesting to note that when creating a model of the future pavilion, Gehry was the first to use a three-dimensional aircraft modeling program.

Thanks to its rich history, many interesting architectural monuments different eras. Architectural heritage Spain is represented by magnificent monuments that attract many tourists to the country. The mixing of cultures and styles allowed for the formation of interesting combinations of elements, and the collision of east and west led to the formation of its own, unique for Spain style.

Primitive Spain

To see traces of primitive Spain, we advise you to visit:

• Altamira's caves Cantabria;
• caves near Ribadesella in Asturias;
• caves in Nerja;
• dolmens in Antequere;
• megaliths of the Guanche tribe on Canary Islands.

Roman Spain

Roman aqueduct in Segovia

Monuments of the Roman era can be seen in most cities of Spain, almost every museum contains Roman statues and tombstones. The most interesting traces of Roman rule:

• aqueduct in Segovia;
• theater in Merida;
• arches, aqueduct and amphitheater in;
• Roman cemetery in Carmona;
• excavations of the city of Italica under.

Visigothic Spain

Visigothic Church S. Pedro de la Nave. Zamora

The few surviving traces of the Visigothic culture can be seen:

• at the Museum of Visigothic Art in Merida;
• in the Visigothic church of Banosa de Serrato near.

Arab spain

Granada

Monuments of the Moorish era are characteristic scattered throughout many cities in southern and eastern Spain, the most famous monuments of Arab architecture are concentrated in. Among them, the most interesting are:

• The Generalife's Alhambra and Gardens;
• Arab fortresses () in Malaga, , ;
• excavation of the city approx.

Romanesque Spain

Romanesque frescoes in the Basilica of San Isidro, in Leon

To get to know Romanesque architecture, you should visit:

• Segovia(more than 15 Romanesque churches);
• Leon(the Basilica of San Isidro, the frescoes of which are considered the best in Romanesque art in Spain);
• Avilu(about 10 Romanesque churches);
• Santiago de Compostela(Helmirez's palace);
• the monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos under Burgos.

Gothic Spain

Gothic Cathedral in Barcelona

The Gothic style was born in, and therefore many Spanish buildings were built on French models. By the decree of Ferdinand of Castile, two main Gothic cathedrals of Spain were built - in Burgos (construction began in 1221) and in (started in 1227); a little later, in the 1250s, the construction of the León Cathedral began. The best Gothic cathedrals in Spain can be seen in the cities:

• Leone;
• Burgos;
• Pamplona;
• Palma.

Renaissance Spain

Cathedral and Plaza de Santa María in Baeza (Spain)

Art

The energy and hard work of the people of Barcelona has more than once proved to be the generator of the city's construction development. Their frantic activity gave rise to remarkable artistic phenomena: the Gothic of medieval Barcelona and the modernist whims of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The city is famous for its collection of Romanesque paintings.

Architecture

Time can change its course, and Barcelona, ​​which remained faithful to the Gothic style in construction, is proof of this, when in other countries it was consigned to oblivion. Gothic monuments and imaginative Art Nouveau buildings make up the unmistakable look of Barcelona.

Roman Barcelona

Barcino, the city today known as Barcelona, ​​was a model of the Roman garrison with the typical layout of such settlements.

The Visigoths and Muslim conquerors in the management of the city followed the example of the Romans, but the buildings from the time of their presence have not survived.

Romanesque art

At the beginning of the Middle Ages, a new architectural style, which received the name "Romanesque", won recognition in Christian Europe.

A feature of the Romanesque churches of Catalonia is the high, square bell towers at the base with semicircular openings adjacent to the main volume. The Romanesque temple had a semi-cylindrical apse. Over time, the builders became bolder, starting to build churches with three or even five apses. Doorways were decorated with a series of arches in the arches, and stone or wooden sculptures were installed to revive the overall composition.

The monastic complexes were distinguished by their extraordinary sophistication. Along the perimeter of the courtyard there were double rows of columns, crowned with capitals, which over time were more and more richly decorated with scenes from the Bible or other religious images, as well as teratological ornaments. The relative scarcity of sculptural ornamentation on the interior walls and ceilings of temple buildings is understandable. The interior spaces of churches were often covered with colorful frescoes, while the altars were framed with wood paneling, also richly decorated with paintings of Christ, the apostles and religious scenes.

Gothic heights

More sophisticated construction techniques made possible the emergence of a new style - Gothic. Construction methods corresponding to it were developed in France and then spread to other European countries. Engineers have improved the load-bearing and weight-distributing structures, and thanks to the use of pillars and arches, all kinds of supports and ribbed ceiling vaults, the building acquired a light and slender appearance.

The engineering design of the temples is marked by the desire to achieve highest height- Gothic cathedrals seem to soar into the skies. The image of the vertically directed cathedral was supposed to arouse awe among the parishioners, and today the gaze of those entering the Gothic temple involuntarily rushes upward. Huge windows - rosettes with stained-glass windows in the arched temple naves fill the interior space with light. Inside and outside the churches were richly decorated. In large cathedrals, the abundance of decor matched their stunning height.

Baroque

The Renaissance did not find a response in the architectural development of Barcelona, ​​which remained faithful to the Gothic traditions, which in other European countries had already been consigned to oblivion. The loudly proclaimed Baroque style had a much greater influence on local architecture. Several churches in Barcelona were built in a style reminiscent of the Italian Renaissance.

Round, embrasure-styled windows are the hallmark of this style.

Modernism

Drawing inspiration from nature and its harmonious forms, modernists sought a foundation in Spain's past, in its Gothic and Islamic architecture. But they never blindly imitated any style, but found means of expression by boldly mixing old and new, for example, using brick and wrought iron. The modernist architects of Barcelona contributed to the revival of the nearly extinct artisan figure.

Relatively new building materials, steel and iron, began to be used to the fullest as frames for the walls of buildings and in decor. Interest in glass and ceramic tiles was rekindled and used in a completely new style. The architects of the new direction developed the traditions of artisans, passed down from generation to generation since the days of medieval guilds.

The practice of bare brick building dates back to Islamic Spain. Brick was the main building material of Muslims, and the country owes the Mudehars to the preservation of the tradition of its use during the reconquest period.

Closer to our days

After the riot of modernism, other directions looked much more restrained. The years of instability between the world wars, the civil war became a brake on the activities of architects.

(c) National Geographic Guide (Barcelona)

Talented photographer Mark from Spain captures architectural landmarks and then processes the images using HDRI technology.

We invite you to make a small virtual travel to this beautiful country.

Cathedral in Cuenca, Spain:

Almudena Cathedral in Madrid:

Hanging houses (Casas Colgadas) in the city of Cuenca, Spain. These are carefully restored famous buildings of the XIV century, which now house the Museum of Abstract Art and a restaurant:

Plaza Mayor is the main attraction of the city of Salamanca. The unity of design and execution has made Plaza Mayor one of the most remarkable squares in Spain, as well as an excellent venue for various ceremonies.

Crystal Palace in the largest and most famous Retiro Park in Madrid:

Cathedral of the Spanish city of Cadiz. It is one of the largest in Spain, it is made in the Baroque and Neoclassical style:

Basilica of San Vincent (Basilica de San Vicente):

The main square in Valladolid. The city of Valladolid in the XVI-XVII centuries. was the capital of Spain. Now it is a large industrial city on the banks of the Pisuerga River:

Cathedral of La Seo in the Spanish city of Zaragoza:

Cathedral of Our Lady of the Column in Zaragoza, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, patroness of Spain:

| Architectural styles of Spain

Architectural styles of Spain

Almost all styles of world architecture are represented on the territory of this extraordinary country. Roman monuments of architecture, austere Gothic cathedrals, luxurious buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque ... In many cities, Catalan Art Nouveau is widely represented. In particular, these are the unique creations of the genius Antoni Gaudí y Cornet, in which several architectural styles are intertwined at once - from Romanesque to plateresco: remember at least the Sograda de Familia church in Barcelona.

The architectural appearance of fortresses and castles, churches and cathedrals, all kinds of historical buildings and residential buildings located in ancient cities declared by UNESCO as the Property of Mankind reflect a variety of, at times, very unusual options for the creative self-expression of their creators.

well represented in Tarragona. It is the first Roman city on Spanish soil, ancient capital Catalonia, the second most important port. The fortress wall of the III century has been preserved here. BC, amphitheater for gladiatorial battles, circus, arch of Bera, remains of Scipio's tower, Christian necropolis, Devil's bridge aqueduct and Santa Maria cathedral.

In their buildings, the Romans sought to emphasize the strength, power and greatness of the empire. Their structures are characterized by monumentality, lush decoration of buildings, many decorations, a desire for strict symmetry, an interest in the utilitarian aspects of architecture, in the creation of mainly not temple complexes, but buildings for practical needs. Roman architects developed new design principles, in particular, widely used arches, vaults and domes, along with columns used pillars and pilasters. Later, in the Middle Ages, the Romanesque style appeared - the great-great- (and so on) great-grandson of ancient Roman architecture.

(French Renaissance, Italian Rinascimento) is an era in the history of European culture that replaced the culture of the Middle Ages and preceded the culture of the New Age. Approximate chronological framework of the era - XIV-XVI centuries.

A characteristic feature of this era is the return in architecture to the principles and forms of ancient, mainly Roman art. Particular importance in this direction is given to symmetry, proportion, geometry and the order of the component parts, which is clearly evidenced by the surviving examples of Roman architecture. The complex proportion of medieval buildings is replaced by an orderly arrangement of columns, pilasters and lintels, and asymmetrical outlines are replaced by semicircular arches, a hemisphere of a dome, niches, and aedicules.

Each of the thirteen UNESCO cities has knowledge built in the Renaissance style. In Alcale de Henares, for example, these are some parts of the fortress wall, the monasteries of Madre de Dios and San Bernardo, the house-museum of Miguel Cervantes, the oldest open theater and others.

A special form of architecture, formed as a result of mixing Moorish forms with compositional techniques of Gothic and Renaissance. In the XV and XVI centuries. this style was created by the Mudejars (Spanish Mudéjar, from the Arabic "mudajan" - tamed, domestic) - a Muslim people who remained on the territory of the Iberian Peninsula, conquered by the Spanish states during the Reconquista. Initially, the Mudehars were allowed to preserve their lands, laws and customs, to practice Islam. With the fall of the Emirate of Granada in 1492, they were forcibly converted to Christianity: from that time they are known as Moriscos.

Mudejar-style buildings are characterized by patterned brickwork, horseshoe-shaped arches, vaulted ceilings that form a star in plan, artesonado ceilings (wooden inlaid ceilings with caissons, often decorated with carvings and paintings), rich decor of colored tiles and carvings on alabaster and knock. One of the most important monuments of this style is the towers with brick borders, which are located on the most famous granite fortress wall in Spain, Avila.

arose between the Romanesque and Renaissance periods and covered almost all areas of medieval culture. It originated in the north of France and later spread to Spain and other European countries in the 12th-15th centuries.

Spanish Gothic began to take shape around the 13th century. Its development was uneven due to the territorial fragmentation of the country, the influence of certain regional traditions and the influence of Arab art. Basically, the style manifested itself in temple architecture, while secular architecture remained faithful to the Moorish tradition. A number of Gothic techniques were introduced by the Cistercians (Catholic monastic order): the shape of the ribs of the vault, arches and the use of pointed arches.There was also a Moorish interpretation of the Gothic, in which the vaults rest on cruciform arches, between them there is an eight-pointed openwork star. In the Seville Cathedral, located on the site of a mosque, a former minaret serves as a bell tower.

The Cathedral of Avila in the architecture of the eastern façade contains elements most likely dating back to French Gothic. The Cathedral in Cuenca also has a pronounced Gothic character: stucco, high hexagonal vaults, leafy ornament on the capitals. One of the first Spanish churches to repeat the architecture of the Gothic cathedrals in France was the Cathedral of Toledo (1226).

Later, an independent type of Spanish Gothic began to take shape, the main difference of which from the classical European is the refraction of the traditions of Moorish architecture and the Mudejar style by the Isabelino style using the base of the achievements of the late Gothic. Isabelino (Spanish Gótico isabelino, “Isabelline Gothic”, el gótico Reyes Católicos, “Gothic of the Catholic Kings”) is a direction of Gothic architecture that arose in Spain in the 15th-16th centuries, during the reign of Queen Isabella of Castile (1474-1505) and her consort Ferdinand of Aragon ("Catholic Kings"). Striking examples of this style are the monasteries of San Juan de los Reyes in Toledo and São Tomé in Avila.

At the end of the 15th century, a purely Spanish architectural style appeared, which absorbed French Gothic, Italian Renaissance, all kinds of Moorish ornaments and was distinguished by exceptionally elegant stone carvings. It received the name "plateresco" (jewelry), and is distinguished by a multitude of the finest architectural patterns, extremely detailed in shape and having a flat, carpet character.

Without affecting the structure of buildings as a whole, the plateresque decor was originally superimposed on the late Gothic, and later on the Renaissance forms. The early Plateresque combines Gothic and Mudejar motives; the late plateresque (starting from the first half of the 16th century) includes many ornamental motifs of the Italian Renaissance (garlands, medallions ...), as well as order elements that bring order, but do not violate overall impression picturesqueness.

Plateresque masters created huge stone paintings on the walls. Applied arts were also made in the plateresque style. The best-preserved of these are the golden tabernacles for religious relics in the form of turrets, which can be seen in the cathedrals of Santiago de Compostela, Seville and Toledo. They were created by representatives of the Garfe family.

(Italian barocco - "strange", "bizarre"; port. perola barroca - "pearl of irregular shape"; there are other variants of the origin of this word) - a characteristic of the European culture of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Baroque as an architectural style was widely used by the Counter-Reformation in temple architecture and stood out for its particular splendor. However, it became widespread in countries not only Catholic, but also Protestant and Orthodox. Baroque is distinguished by large-scale colonnades, an abundance of sculptures on facades and interiors, volutes (forged ornamental elements), a large number of rivets (small projections or a break in the façade line), bow facades with ripping in the middle, rusticated columns and pilasters, complex domes (often multi-tiered) , as well as telamones (Atlanteans), caryatids and mascarons.

In Spanish architecture, the Baroque had its own interpretation. The Churrigueresco style, named after the Spanish architect Jose Benito de Churriguera and his brothers, manifested itself in the decorative design of facades and interiors and represented the development of baroque principles in the spirit of heightened emotionality, bizarre architectural forms, fractional and chaotic elements of plastic decor. In Salamanca, for example, not far from the university, there are two interconnected churches: the New Cathedral (Cathedral of Nueva) and the Old Cathedral (Cathedral of Bieja). The Churriguera brothers themselves took part in their construction.

Alexandra KHMELEVA
Used materials from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, the magazine "Tourbusiness".