Greenland is covered with ice, which means it. Greenland is a green country
According to one saying
“If you have seen the whole world,
there is always Greenland left. "
1. Greenland is the most big Island in the world. It is located between Europe and America, 740 km from the North Pole. Greenland covers an area of 2,130,800 km², of which 410,400 km² are ice-free to varying degrees. The length of the island from north to south is 2,690 km, the greatest width is 1,300 km.
2. Geographically, this country belongs to North America, but politically it is considered a self-governing province of Denmark. Although Greenland is 50 times larger than Denmark in area, the number of inhabitants of the island does not exceed the population small town... The reason for this is the cold - most of the island is covered with a layer of ice that is almost 2 miles (3 km) thick.
3. The population of Greenland is 56,890, which gives a population density of 0.027 p./km².
4. Almost all residents live on southwest coast, on a narrow coastal strip between the ice sheet and the sea, because the climate is milder here. The main peoples on the territory of Greenland are the Greenlandic Eskimos (in the local language - Inuit), making up about 90% of the total population. The remaining 10% are mainly Danes and other Europeans.
5. Eskimos were the first people to settle in Greenland. Around AD 985 NS. here came the Vikings from Norway and Iceland and called this ice-covered island Greenland (" green earth“) In order to attract more settlers to it. Since 1380, Greenland has been under Danish rule almost all the time, but in 1979 it was granted the right to internal self-government.
6. Europeans call local residents Eskimos, which is not entirely true - the term "Eskimo" ("raw food") was born in the languages of the Indian tribes of North America and gradually began to be used to designate the Inuit tribes of the continental United States and Canada, to which the inhabitants of Greenland do not belong.
7. Administratively, the country is divided into 3 regions (landsdele) - Avanna (Nordgrönland), Thunu (Ostgrönland) and Kita (Westgrönland), subdivided, in turn, into 18 municipalities.
8. The capital of Greenland - Nuuk (Gothob), is the largest settlement on the island. The city is a very unusual "fusion" of old European architecture, a few examples of the original Greenlandic school of urban planning, and huge (and rather impersonal) residential quarters, built according to the block principle. From a bird's eye view, the city looks like it was built from a children's Lego construction set, and the only pleasant exception in its appearance is the old quarters of Kolonihavnen - the historical core of Nuuk.
9. The Greenland flag was adopted in 1985 and has a red and white flag to symbolize the island's political connection with Denmark. The figures depicted on the Greenland flag, according to one of the versions, represent the setting and rising Greenland sun, according to the other, the red half of the circle is the fjords of Greenland, the white one is icebergs, the red and white background illustrates the ocean and the ice sheet.
10. The coat of arms of Greenland is an image polar bear on the blue shield. Blue represents geographical position Greenland (between two oceans), and the polar bear, being one of the symbols of the island, characterizes the fauna of Greenland.
11. The territory of Greenland is divided into four time zones. Time in the capital Nuuk and most major cities the southern coast is 6 hours behind the Moscow one.
12. The climate of the coasts is maritime, subarctic and arctic; in the area of the ice sheet - continental arctic. The island is often crossed by cyclones, accompanied by strong winds, sudden changes in temperature and precipitation. Strong katabatic winds blow from the ice sheet almost all year round, the speed of which sometimes reaches 60-70 meters per second.
13. The average January temperature on the coast is from -7 ° C in the south to -36 ° C in the north, July - from +10 ° C in the south to +3 ° C in the north-west. In the center of Greenland, the average temperature in February is −47 ° C (absolute minimum is −70 ° C), in July it is −12 ° C. In summer, the daytime temperature sometimes rises to + 21 ° C, but often even during this period in central regions On the island, it barely exceeds 0 ° С (on the coasts, especially on the west, the air warms up much better).
14. Average annual precipitation in the south is about 1080 mm, in the capital - up to 600 mm, in the extreme north - 100-200 mm. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs in the autumn-winter period, however, at any time of the year, due to the instability of the local weather, it can snow.
15. If the Greenland ice melted completely, the world sea level would rise by 7 meters.
16. The territory of Greenland could accommodate England with Scotland and Wales, France, Italy, Holland, Belgium and Norway.
17. The thickness of the ice shell covering Greenland is, on average, one and a half thousand meters.
18. Most high peak Greenland and the entire Arctic - Gunbjörn, 3,700 m.
19. Activities of the population - hunting, fishing.
20. Official language: Greenlandic. The Home Rule Act prescribes the universal study of the Danish language
21. State system - parliamentary democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy
22. Head of State - Queen of Denmark (from January 14, 1972 - Margrethe II), represented by the High Commissioner (from January 31, 2011 - Mikaela Engell)
23. Parliament - unicameral Landstinget (31 deputies are elected by secret ballot on a proportional basis, term of office - 4 years). Parliament is responsible for all issues of domestic policy and legislation (Denmark remains in charge of foreign policy, defense, justice and finance). The people of Greenland elect two representatives to the Danish parliament - Folketing.
24. Monetary unit: Danish krone (denoted by DKK according to the ISO standard, within the country kr.), In 1 kroon 100 era. 1 DKK = 5.28 RUB, 10 DKK = 1.66 USD.
25. Most locals receive money directly from credit card, therefore, their use is not difficult. ATMs are found in abundance in all settlements, and most of them freely accept cards of the world's leading payment systems (Diners Club, VISA, Eurocheque Card, Eurocard / Mastercard, Maestro, Cirrus, Dankort, etc.), issuing crowns on them.
26. The price level on the island is quite high. Greenland independently provides itself only with fish and seafood, as well as some meat products - everything else has to be imported, which naturally affects prices. Even in comparison with far from cheap Scandinavian countries, prices here are about 10% higher, and alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, dairy products, vegetable oil, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables are 14-20% more expensive. Moreover, the assortment of goods in stores is no less than in any of the European countries.
27. You can easily have a snack in a cafe for 25 DKK (~ $ 4.1) - 60 DKK (~ $ 9.8), lunch in a restaurant will cost 60 DKK (~ $ 9.8) - 120 DKK (~ $ 19.7) and above , and in a high-level establishment - 120 DKK (~ $ 19.7) - 250 DKK (~ $ 41.0). It is quite possible to find a budget hotel for 120 DKK (~ $ 19.7) - 350 DKK (~ $ 57.4) per day, mid-range hotels will cost 350 DKK (~ $ 57.4) - 900 DKK (~ $ 147.6), and upscale hotels are asking for their services up to 900 DKK (~ $ 147.6) - 1500 DKK (~ $ 246.0) per day (there are quite modern hotels in almost all large cities). Transportation and fuel, electricity, all local goods and souvenirs, as well as many luxury items are very expensive.
Service charges are usually included in the bill, additional tips are rare.
28. Domain zone on the Internet.gl
29. Internet services on the island are excellently formed - Greenland is one of the world leaders in per capita consumption of Internet services. High-speed network access terminals and Wi-Fi hotspots are installed in all hotels, post offices and office complexes. Internet cafes are found in abundance in all localities, in tourist offices and in some public libraries.
30. The cellular communication system covers almost all settlements coastal areas of the island and adjacent island groups (intermittent reception is observed only in the central regions). Roaming with the local operator TELE Greenland A / S is available to subscribers of the largest Russian operators through foreign partners of this company.
31. Most of the historical collections of the capital are concentrated in National Museum Greenland. It contains a unique collection of objects and documents that illuminate the past of the island over the past four and a half thousand years, including a unique mummy from Kilakitsok (approximately XIV-XV centuries), extensive exhibitions of folk costumes, vehicles (including various dog teams , kayaks and umiaks of all ages), traditional instruments, items of arts and crafts, and a large geological exposition.
32. In the capital of Greenland Nuuk, south of the city tourist office, on the very shore of the Baffin Sea, there is the famous Santa Claus House with its post office and office.
33. In the city of Kakortok there is a square city fountain, the only one in Greenland, adorned at the base with copper plaques with the names of the city burghers (although many of the tablets "fell victim" to souvenir hunters).
34. Only a few hours by boat or boat sailing northeast of Kakortok lies the best-preserved and most extensive medieval Norwegian settlement on the island, Khvalsi (Hvalsi). Khvalsey is even mentioned in the ancient Icelandic chronicle Flatejarbik as the site of the burning of witches in the early 15th century, and also as the only place where marriages between Inuit and colonists took place. However, to this day, only the ruins of several dozen houses and the most picturesque church of Khvalsey have survived here.
35. The city of Upernavik, located in the fjords of the Baffin Sea on the western coast of Greenland, 800 km north of the Arctic Circle, is one of the northernmost cities on the planet and the northernmost ferry crossing in the world. This is a very beautiful, but harsh place - the locals even have a saying: "You won't even guess what real cold is until you visit Upernavik."
36. The name of the city of Upernavik is translated in a rather funny manner as "Spring place". Considering that the average summer temperature here is no more than + 5 ° C, this is rather strange. However, scientists argue that when the first settlers chose this place, the climate was much milder, and therefore the city justified its name then (like the whole of Greenland). With the onset of a general cooling of the climate that fell in the 16th-18th centuries, it turned into one of the coldest inhabited places on the planet. Here, hunting for polar bears and sea animals, which is banned almost everywhere in the world and as an exception allowed to local residents, is one of the few ways to feed a family here.
37. Popular 3-hour excursion from the high peak Upernavika - Inusussak, towards the northern tip of the island - Nayarsuit, passes through a completely magical landscape. Stones interspersed with colored minerals of all colors and shades, veins of natural graphite, the unique acoustics of the valleys, allowing the whisper to spread over many kilometers - all this can be seen and felt only here.
38. West of the city Ilulissat, 300 km north of the Arctic Circle and 600 km north of the capital, the waters of Disko Bay, perhaps the most famous bay in Greenland, are lapping. This is a real "land of icebergs" - up to a thousand ice mountains of all sizes constantly "ply" along the surface of the bay, as coastal glaciers slide into the sea at a speed of up to 30 meters per day, which gives up to 7 million tons of ice every day! This enchanting picture, only intensified in the summer by the non-setting sun in these parts, makes Disko Bay and the five towns located on its shores one of the beautiful places planets.
39. In Greenland there is Mount Umanak - a natural formation of stunning beauty and the most unusual colors. The mountain is an ancient gneissic base of the continental shield, billowing upward in alternating black, white and red rock layers that change shades of color depending on the light. Although the mountain looks completely inaccessible, several expeditions nevertheless climbed to the top, but for most visitors it is enough to simply inspect this unique natural formation, the only analogue of which is only Mount Uluru in Australia.
40. The southern part of the island is similar to the Norwegian fjords - the same alternation of countless bays, islands, stone ridges and tiny coastal lowlands, the same harsh and majestic nature, the same lead-gray sea.
41. The most Southern City Greenland - Nanortalik is literally surrounded by a wall of towering cliffs (called "skyscrapers" here), steep peaks and mountain walls that frame magnificent fjords. This is a real Mecca for fans active rest and extreme, climbers will find a lot of interesting things here - the Ketil and Ulmaretorsuak mountains are suitable even for experienced athletes.
42. Greenland has the fastest moving glacier in the world (Jakobshavn), moving at a speed of about 30 meters per day.
43. In the summer, the country has quite strong solar radiation - the sun stands in the sky almost round the clock, and its rays are reflected both from the surface of the glaciers and from the sea. It is worth carrying sunscreens, creams and good glasses, hats, and light scarves or shawls that cover your neck.
44. A little is prohibited in the country: taking pictures in churches during services, as well as local residents without consent, fishing without a license (from 75 DKK for 1 day, up to 500 DKK for a month) and littering.
45. The best time to visit the country - during the polar "white nights" from May to July, or for lovers of winter fun - in April.
46. In Greenland, there are no roads and railways between cities. Therefore, you can get from one end of the island to the other either by water or by air. The nearby towns and cities are linked by snowmobiles and dog sleds, if the weather is good.
47. National airline Air Greenland organizes many flights by plane and helicopter around the island. Aircraft such as Dash-7 can carry 50 passengers at a time and fly at an altitude of 4-5 km above sea level, which guarantees fantastic views of glaciers and snowdrifts. Helicopters mostly fly between cities located in the south of the country.
48. Another popular way to travel around Greenland is by boat. The passenger ship Sarfaq Ittuk of Arctic Umiaq Line carries out regular transport from April to December between the city of Narsarsuaq in the south of the country and Ilulissat in the north. It is best to book in advance during the summer season.
49. Souvenirs from Greenland are unique works of art: they are not produced in China, they are not created according to the same template, but are made by hand by folk craftsmen, and therefore they are quite expensive. The most popular souvenir is the tupilak figurine, which, according to local belief, means “spirit”. Today they are made from completely different materials: teeth, bones, stones or wood, and they can be found everywhere in shops and tourist offices in large cities. However, it should be borne in mind that tupilaks created from whale teeth cannot be exported.
50. Jewelry and bijouterie made from local stones are also popular. For example, tugtupit, which is distinguished by its rich pink or purple flowers, is born in the only place on earth - the city of Narsaq, which is in southern Greenland. Jewelry made from nuummit (shining dark brown) and grønlanditten, which has a fresh green hue, look especially beautiful. When purchasing a pretty bracelet or necklace, ask the sellers to issue a CITES certificate, which will allow you to take the jewelry out of Greenland.
51. As awful as it sounds, traditional Greenlandic cuisine does not involve any heat treatment of food. If it is whale skin with a layer of fat (a “mattak” delicacy), then they eat it fresh, just, forgive me, sanded. Extremists, of course, can easily find restaurants offering some of the country's national dishes. Delicacy national cuisine is a mixture of partridge droppings with seal fat ... Quite popular in these places is a dish that includes narwhal fat, water, walrus brain and fermented grass extracted from the first stomach of a reindeer. However, tourists' more European-minded stomachs will not remain empty either: lately, traditional cooking methods are increasingly retreating under the onslaught of international cuisine and fast food.
52. Fish and seafood in Greenlandic cuisine is used in almost all forms - raw, salted, pickled, dried, baked in ash. The assortment also includes delicacies - dried halibut and ammasat, cod liver, shrimp and crabs in all types, as well as shark meat and sea bird eggs.
53. Popular drinks - black tea and tea with milk (which often replaces the first course, with added fat, salt and spices), reindeer milk, "kaffemik" - a specific Greenlandic coffee made from coffee, sugar and three types of alcohol with whipped cream (often it is also set on fire when serving).
54. Greenlandic national park located in the northeast of the island, the largest and most inaccessible nature reserve on the planet. In addition, it has been closed to outside researchers for many years. UNESCO recently included it in the list of biosphere reserves of global importance, and for good reason - the park has a vast area of relict tundra, which is home to musk oxen, polar bears, polar wolves and a wide variety of forms of arctic plants.
55. Today, Greenland remains one of the few places on the planet that is little affected by human activities, a place of fantastic opportunities for both extreme recreation and sports, as well as for ecotourism. Vast tundra, picturesque coastline with its fjords and pristine shores, monstrous glaciers that "give birth" icebergs right in front of observers, year-round opportunities for ice-climbing, snowboarding and skiing, unique (albeit scarce) nature, sea rich in living creatures, the silent Inuit, with their unique culture and fantastic adaptability to the harshest local conditions, are constantly attracting more and more tourists here.
28/08/2008
MOSCOW, August 28 - RIA Novosti. The main reason for the appearance of the glacier 3 million years ago, which now covers the entire territory of Greenland, was the drop in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to an article published by British scientists on Thursday in the journal Nature.
According to experts, understanding the reasons for the formation of the Greenland glacier will help to understand its possible response to future climate changes.
The authors of the study, scientists from the universities of Bristol and Leeds, using computer simulations tested a number of hypotheses about the causes of the Greenland glacier and came to the conclusion that only an increase in carbon dioxide content can explain the transformation of ice-free Greenland into the current ice-bound island.
According to one of the study's authors, Dr. Dan Lunt of Bristol, about 3 million years ago, the amount of rock debris in the sediments around Greenland increased. They could not appear until the mass appearance of icebergs, which "scraped" this rock from the surface of the island into the ocean.
“This suggests that significant amounts of ice began to appear in Greenland only 3 million years ago. Prior to that, Greenland was mostly ice-free and possibly covered with grass and forests. In addition, the concentration of carbon dioxide was relatively high. to which we wanted to answer - why did Greenland get an ice sheet? " - says Lunt, whose words are quoted in the message of the university.
There are several theories to explain the appearance of the Greenland glacier.
According to one of them, ice in Greenland appeared due to the appearance of the Isthmus of Panama, connecting the South and North America 13-2.5 million years ago. The disappearance of the Panama Strait led to an increase in the difference in salinity of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and an increase in humidity in the North Atlantic. As a result, the amount of snow falling in the Greenland region increased sharply, and the glacier began to grow.
Another theory connects the occurrence of Greenland ice with tectonic changes - the growth of the Rocky Mountains and the Himalayas, which led to a change in circulation in the atmosphere.
A number of researchers associate the emergence of a glacier with a change in the circulation of the ocean, others - with a change in the earth's orbit, and still others - with a natural change in the concentration of greenhouse gases.
Using state-of-the-art computer models of climate and glacier dynamics, Lant and his colleagues set out to test which of these theories best matched reality.
Although the results showed that climatic changes associated with changes in ocean circulation and tectonic uplifts affected the Greenland ice sheet, and the amount of ice was also affected by fluctuations in the earth's orbit, none of these factors was strong enough to significantly contribute to long-term the rise of the Greenland glacier.
The study found that the main cause of the Greenland glaciation was a drop in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels close to pre-industrial levels. The current level of carbon dioxide concentration is approaching the level when Greenland was mostly ice-free.
Dr. Alan Haywood of the University of Leeds adds that the reasons for the rise in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are not yet clear.
“This is a million dollar question that researchers will no doubt be looking for over the next few years,” he says.
Some people still prefer not to believe in global warming, despite the fact that scientists have already predicted the timing of an increase in the planet's temperature, and the maximum temperatures that residents of all regions will have to face, and even catastrophic processes of extinction and real getaway flora and fauna.
Scientists themselves in the ability of global warming to lead to rapid processes were made to believe satellite images of the melting of huge Antarctic glaciers - in 2002, the Larsen Ice Shelf, the size of a small European state, disappeared from monitors in a month. Until recently, scientists believed that melting such amounts of ice would take many years, if not decades.
Having dealt with the melting of ice and predicting the imminent disappearance of the Arctic ice cap, glaciologists still do not know the reasons for the reverse process - for example, how the second largest ice sheet of the Earth, the Greenland one, was formed. To this day, it surprises scientists - at the same latitudes, neither Canada nor the Siberian expanses has a year-round ice cover.
Researchers led by Dan Lunt of the University of Bristol have established the most likely reason for the formation of this huge piece of ice three million years ago, although they still do not make final conclusions.
It has long been known that the melting of all the ice in Greenland will be enough to raise the sea level by 6.5 meters. For many states, especially small and coastal ones, such an uplift will be very unpleasant, if not catastrophic. Nevertheless, such a threat scares ordinary citizens a little, since so far none of the scientists dares to say exactly when and how quickly the Greenland ice will melt.
If the process of its melting takes centuries, it can already be considered an ecological disaster, but many researchers are much more pessimistic. Large-scale melting of the Greenland ice sheet has already begun, with melt water, oozing through cracks in the ice shell, serves as a kind of lubricant that facilitates the slipping of the breakaway ice blocks into the ocean. If this self-accelerating process of melting continues to increase its pace, then it will be necessary to say goodbye to the Greenland ice in a few decades.
The continuing uncertainty about the mechanisms of ice melting and formation, the increase in the planet's temperature and the volume of Greenland's ice reserves allow some to hope for an insignificant, only a few decimeters, rise in water by the end of this century. However, hardly anyone would argue that it is better to prepare for a sudden increase in water level, if any, than to rely on optimistic forecasts and sit idly by.
V work, published in the latest issue of Nature, scientists from the University of Bristol have shown exactly what force has held the ice of Greenland until now and how dangerous a further increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is.
Lunt wanted to find out what exactly led to the formation of the Greenland shield. It happened three million years ago. The sedimentary layers of that era, now covered by the waters washing Greenland, contain a lot of debris rock, which was brought here by icebergs breaking off the coast of Greenland. Up to this point, Greenland was covered with green meadows and forests.
Why is Greenland suddenly covered with ice? On this score, scientists have several hypotheses - firstly, this could have happened due to the changed regime of the global circulation of ocean waters, which still bring heat to Europe. In addition, the icing of this area of the earth's surface can also be associated with small fluctuations in the earth's orbit. Tectonic processes that raised the surface of the island could also have led to the emergence of an ice shell.
All these hypotheses have a certain basis, but Dyent still seemed dubious about the magnitude of the consequences of the manifestation of these forces.
In his opinion, only a sharp decrease in the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide to the level of the pre-industrial era of mankind could so radically change the face of Greenland.
He was able to prove this with the help of computer modeling, which made it possible to identify the consequences of various scenarios for the formation of the Greenland ice sheet. It turned out that even a significant rise of the island's surface above sea level is not able to cover the entire island with ice.
Comparative increase in the Greenland ice sheet as a result of tectonic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Greenland and as a result of a drop in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration // Dan Lunt, University of Bristol
As for the level of atmospheric CO 2, its concentration in the air before the Greenland glaciation was 400 parts per million (ppm). In the pre-industrial era, this concentration was equal to 280 ppm, although in recent centuries it has increased to 385 ppm.
As Lunt noted in interview LiveScience, his research only shows how sensitive the huge Greenland ice sheet is to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration.
To clarify why Greenland is covered with ice, while the corresponding territories of Canada and Siberia are completely free of snow in the summer, it, however, also cannot.
It is possible that the rocky mountains of Greenland are high enough for glaciers to form on them in the summer, and then spread throughout the island. Siberia and Canada are covered with ice only when the next deviation of the earth's orbit leads to the onset of a new ice age.
The most intriguing question remained unanswered - what exactly led to a sharp drop in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, and what level of СО 2 is normal for our planet.
MOSCOW, August 28 - RIA Novosti. The main reason for the appearance of the glacier 3 million years ago, which now covers the entire territory of Greenland, was a drop in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to an article published by British scientists on Thursday in the journal Nature.
According to experts, understanding the reasons for the formation of the Greenland glacier will help to understand its possible response to future climate changes.
The authors of the study, scientists from the universities of Bristol and Leeds, using computer simulations tested a number of hypotheses about the causes of the Greenland glacier and came to the conclusion that only an increase in carbon dioxide content can explain the transformation of ice-free Greenland into the current ice-bound island.
According to one of the study's authors, Dr. Dan Lunt of Bristol, about 3 million years ago, the amount of rock debris in the sediments around Greenland increased. They could not appear until the mass appearance of icebergs, which "scraped" this rock from the surface of the island into the ocean.
“This suggests that significant amounts of ice began to appear in Greenland only 3 million years ago. Prior to that, Greenland was mostly ice-free and possibly covered with grass and forests. In addition, the concentration of carbon dioxide was relatively high. to which we wanted to answer - why did Greenland get an ice sheet? " - says Lunt, whose words are quoted in the message of the university.
There are several theories to explain the appearance of the Greenland glacier.
According to one of them, ice in Greenland appeared due to the appearance of the Isthmus of Panama, which connected South and North America 13-2.5 million years ago. The disappearance of the Panama Strait led to an increase in the difference in salinity of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and an increase in humidity in the North Atlantic. As a result, the amount of snow falling in the Greenland region increased sharply, and the glacier began to grow.
Another theory connects the occurrence of Greenland ice with tectonic changes - the growth of the Rocky Mountains and the Himalayas, which led to a change in circulation in the atmosphere.
A number of researchers associate the emergence of a glacier with a change in the circulation of the ocean, others - with a change in the earth's orbit, and still others - with a natural change in the concentration of greenhouse gases.
Using state-of-the-art computer models of climate and glacier dynamics, Lant and his colleagues set out to test which of these theories best matched reality.
Although the results showed that climatic changes associated with changes in ocean circulation and tectonic uplifts affected the Greenland ice sheet, and the amount of ice was also affected by fluctuations in the earth's orbit, none of these factors was strong enough to significantly contribute to long-term the rise of the Greenland glacier.
The study found that the main cause of the Greenland glaciation was a drop in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels close to pre-industrial levels. The current level of carbon dioxide concentration is approaching the level when Greenland was mostly ice-free.
Dr. Alan Haywood of the University of Leeds adds that the reasons for the rise in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are not yet clear.
“This is a million dollar question that researchers will no doubt be looking for over the next few years,” he says.