forest parks and protected landscapes. Suburban areas of mass recreation

2.3.
Major issues related to places mass recreation residents of the city of Irkutsk

As already mentioned above, that places of mass recreation areareas of the territory allocated and assigned for intensive use for the purpose of mass recreation of the population. But, when creating such places, problems arise for local governments to create favorable conditions for recreation of residents of this settlement.

In my opinion, the burning problems of the youth environment in Irkutsk today are:

· gaps in legislation;

· most places of public recreation are not assigned to anyone and does not belong to anyone;

· lack of supervision of recreational recreation areas;

· poor arrangement of places of mass recreation or its absence;

· insufficient funding in this area;

· other.

Most public places in Irkutsk region remain ownerless, that is, they are not assigned to legal entities who are responsible for the improvement of territories.

In Irkutsk, there are only three places of rest, which are fixed - this is the beach on the Jacobi Bay (Terra LLC), the beach near the Angara icebreaker (Baikal-extreme LLC), the catamarans rental point (IP Kokourov D.M.).

Basically, the places of mass recreation have not been determined. A significant part of the recreational sites remains ownerless. Among them are the lakes of the hydroelectric power station, the banks of the Ushakovka and Irkut rivers. The beaches are not equipped, there are no equipped parking places for tourists' cars. The issues of cleaning the territory, collection, storage and removal of solid and liquid household waste have not been resolved, container sites have not been equipped in accordance with sanitary requirements, trash cans have not been installed, and there are no public toilets. Control over the quality of water and sand is not carried out.

Specialists of Rosportebnadzor also note that the city has an unfavorable situation with wastewater disposal. Sewerage treatment facilities are in most cases overloaded and outdated. Thus, the technology and efficiency of treatment are violated, insufficiently treated wastewater is discharged onto the relief and into water bodies.

Since the city has almost no beaches and coastal summer vacation spots for Irkutsk residents, which is assigned to an organization or society, in this regard, no one is responsible for the quality of the beach preparation or for the quality of water in reservoirs. In practice, the urban development committee of the Irkutsk administration should deal with the arrangement of the beaches and be responsible for this, but in fact, not a single place of mass recreation or the beach is ready for the swimming season according to sanitary and epidemiological standards. And, therefore, there is no one to punish either.

Complete unsanitary conditions. A couple of gazebos by the water, a tent and a barbecue. This is how almost all summer cafes on the banks of Ushakovka and Angara look like. They are invisible from afar, and only the locals know about them. The city authorities have problems with such establishments.Since they are illegally organized and do not have documents.

Such establishments are unsanitary. Food is stored without refrigerators, right on the ground. Having a snack in such an institution, you can end up in a hospital bed.

The difficulty for local authorities is that a cafe closed in one place immediately appears in another. And the only thing that can save Irkutsk from spontaneous catering points is an increase in fines.
Chapter 3. Creation of conditions for mass recreation of residents of Irkutsk and organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population
3.1. Creation of conditions for mass recreation of Irkutsk residents
Creation of conditions - a set of measures aimed at the implementation, implementation, organization and management of activities that ensure the implementation of certain rights, norms, obligations and powers.

A place for mass recreation of residents of the city of Irkutsk is a section of the territory of the Irkutsk urban settlement, allocated and secured for intensive use for the purpose of mass recreation of the population, as well as a complex of temporary and permanent structures located on this section, carrying a functional load as equipment for a recreation area.

The decision to create recreation areas is made by the head of the Irkutsk administration of the settlement on the basis of a substantiated submission by the commission for the acceptance into operation of places of mass recreation of residents on the territory of an urban settlement of the administration of the city of Irkutsk, which determines the possibility and permissibility of using a particular territory as places of mass recreation. The place of mass recreation is accepted for operation by a commission, the composition of which is approved by the head of the Irkutsk administration.

Powers of local self-government bodies of an urban settlement to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and to organize the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population.
The powers of the Assembly of Deputies of the city of Irkutsk include:

- adoption of normative legal acts governing the creation of conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and the organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

- the introduction of programs for an urban settlement to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and the organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

- approval of the amount of financial resources for solving the issue of local significance of the urban settlement to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of the urban settlement and the organization of the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

- provision of local tax benefits to individual entrepreneurs, organizations carrying out their activities to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and the organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

- exercise of other powers established by the legislation of the Russian Federation to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and the organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population, attributed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the Charter of the urban settlement to the jurisdiction of the Assembly of Deputies of the urban settlement

The powers of the Irkutsk city administration include:

· implementation of programs for urban settlements to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of urban settlements and the organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

· purchase (manufacture), repair and installation of festive decoration elements in places of mass recreation of the population: flags, slogans, panels, stands, stands, stage, decorative elements and compositions and other elements, dismantling and storage of festive decoration elements;

· installation in a sufficient number of bins and containers for garbage collection in places of recreation of the population;

· organization of sanitary cleaning of the territory of places of mass recreation of the population;

· involvement of citizens in the performance of socially significant work (including duty) on a voluntary basis for the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

· the formation of a municipal order for an urban settlement in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and the organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

· exercise of other powers established by the legislation of the Russian Federation to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and to organize the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population, assigned in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the Charter of the urban settlement to the jurisdiction of the administration of the urban settlement.
Financial support for measures to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of the city of Irkutsk and the organization of the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population is carried out within the funds provided for in the budget of the urban settlement (estimate of income and expenses of the urban settlement) and other sources not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.2. experience of other cities
Creation of conditions for mass recreation of residents ZATO Znamensk and the organization of the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population established by the Decree dated June 3, 2008 N 1039

This Regulation contains the following basic concepts:

1) places of mass recreation of the population - the territories allocated in the General Plan of the city, as well as those determined by decisions of local self-government bodies of ZATO Znamensk as places of mass recreation of the population;

2) mass recreation - attracting the population to participate in activities that relieve fatigue, restore the physical and spiritual strength of a person;

3) arrangement of places of mass recreation - a set of technical and organizational measures carried out by local self-government bodies of ZATO Znamensk, aimed at maintaining the required level of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental well-being, safety and improvement of places of mass recreation.

The local self-government bodies of ZATO Znamensk, in order to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and the organization of arrangement of places of mass recreation, carry out the following set of measures:

Monitoring the needs of the ZATO Znamensk population in mass recreation;

Promotion of healthy lifestyles;

Adoption of programs in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation and organizing the arrangement of places for mass recreation;

Creation, reorganization and liquidation of enterprises, institutions, organizing mass recreation and arrangement of places of mass recreation;

Giving the territories the status of places of mass recreation;

Development of the General Plan for ZATO Znamensk, taking into account the preservation and development of places of mass recreation;

Formation and placement of a municipal order in the field of arrangement of places of mass recreation;

Assistance in attracting investments in the arrangement of places of mass recreation;

Checking places of mass recreation for their compliance with the established sanitary-epidemiological and environmental requirements and norms;

Carrying out a complex of anti-epidemic measures;

Ensuring public order in places of mass recreation;

Creation of conditions for the organization of trade services, catering and the provision of other services in places of mass recreation;

Organization of transport services for the population of ZATO Znamensk in places of mass recreation;

Organization of collection, removal and disposal of solid household waste in places of mass recreation;

Establishment of preferences for enterprises, institutions that ensure the organization of mass recreation of the population and the arrangement of places of mass recreation;

Implementation of other activities.

The implementation of these measures is carried out through the activities of structural divisions of the administration of ZATO Znamensk, municipal enterprises and institutions operating in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and the arrangement of places of mass recreation, through the activities of other organizations.

Improvement and maintenance of places of mass recreation are carried out in compliance with the requirements of the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Citizens have the right to freely visit places of mass recreation on the territory of ZATO Znamensk, with the exception of cases when a regime of paid use of such facilities has been determined.

The competence of local self-government bodies of ZATO Znamensk in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents includes:

1) the adoption of regulatory legal acts in order to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and the arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

2) approval, within the framework of the budget of ZATO Znamensk, of expenses for creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

3) development, adoption and implementation of programs to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

4) provision and coordination of measures to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

5) development of a system of enterprises and institutions in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

6) information and methodological support in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

7) organization of retraining and advanced training of workers in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents.

If we consider the financial foundations of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and the arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents, it can be noted that the local self-government bodies of ZATO Znamensk are implementing issues of local importance to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and the arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation within the limits of allocations provided for in the budget of ZATO Znamensk for the specified purposes.

Also, I would like to consider the experience of arranging places of mass recreation in the city. Penza.

Work on creating conditions and arranging places for mass recreation of the population was analyzed in Penza. More than 400 benches were installed in squares and boulevards, complete with waste bins. Created 73 vertical flower designs, 40 hanging pots, flower arrangements "Swans" and "Wicker Machine".

“In 2009, a lot of work was done to prepare beach recreation areas. Houses were painted on Zaseka, APZ-24, Akhunakh, Mayak, beach equipment was partially replaced. Waste removal was carried out on a regular basis, while the frequency of removal increased in comparison with 2008 by 3 times. 150 cubic meters of sand were brought to the beach in the APZ-24 microdistrict. In addition, wild shrubs were cut down on this beach, which led to an increase in the beach area by 20%. Throughout the summer, laboratory studies of the quality of sand and water were carried out, ”the press service of the Penza city administration told PenzaNews.
In summer, mass recreation of the townspeople is organized on the shore of the reservoir in the recreation area "Svetlaya Polyana". Houses, sheds with tables for relaxation, tables and benches along the entire coast, bridges for diving, changing rooms have been built on the shore of the reservoir. For recreation on the water there are boats and catamarans. Garbage containers and toilets are located throughout the recreation area, and the territory is cleaned daily. To ensure the safety of recreation, there is a medical post and a rescue station. “To improve the quality of recreation on city beaches, it is planned to continue the delivery of alluvial sand, install metal folding sheds, and build a playground at the GPZ-24 recreation area. In addition, a cycle of children's holidays will be organized on the territory of city beaches - Neptune Day, Athlete's Day, ”the press service said.

Much attention is paid to the recreation of the townspeople in places intended for sports. On the Olympic Alley, asphalt pavements are cleaned daily, dry and overhanging branches from trees and shrubs are cut. On the territory adjacent to the Pervomaisky stadium, vertical flower structures have been installed, flower arrangements with a sports theme have been made.
In the first half of 2009, a lot of work was done to crown, rejuvenate and demolish emergency trees, uprooting stumps: 1.2 thousand trees were rejuvenated, 4.5 thousand trees were crowned, 1.4 thousand emergency trees were demolished, 348 stumps were uprooted. Also 574 trees, 650 shrubs were planted.

Organized and equipped 10 recreation places for townspeople in the city forests. Installed benches, hemp, urns, tables, awnings.
"Currently, a plan of measures for the reconstruction of the" Health Path "has been developed, which provides for the restoration of the asphalt pavement, lighting the trail, strengthening the retaining walls, cleaning paths, sidewalks, arranging garden benches and waste bins, cleaning lawns," the press service said. ...

Conclusion

In the end, I want to say the following, of course, there is no limit to perfection, all problems cannot be solved, but nevertheless, this must be strived for. In general, the situation in the city of Irkutsk in the field of recreation is quite good, especially considering that this is not some resort town Sochi.

In my work, I have identified the most obvious problems in providing recreation conditions. I offered a solution to them. There are plenty of options for getting out of these rather difficult situations, and this allows me to tell me that the situation will soon improve if due attention is paid to it.
Used Books
1. Federal Law "On General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ;

2. Irkutsk city charter;

3. Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ " On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population ";

4. Resolution of the Mayor of ZATO Znamensk dated June 3, 2008 No. 1039 "On the creation of conditions for mass recreation of residents of ZATO Znamensk and the organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population ".

5. The decision of the City Duma of the city of Irkutsk dated August 04, 2008 N 206 "On the creation of conditions for mass recreation of residents municipality"Irkutsk urban settlement"
and organizing the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population ";

6. Zharkova L.S. Activity of cultural institutions: Textbook. - 3rd ed. rev. and add. - M .: MGUKI, 2003 .-- 225 p.

The organization of places for mass recreation of the settlement is one of the most important social problems solved in the settlements. It is especially important to create recreation zones in natural conditions. In most cases, the recreation areas of modern settlements are forest parks. An important environmental measure is the determination of indicators of the maximum capacity of recreation areas, taking into account the resistance of natural landscapes to recreational loads. For this, special standards are applied, on the basis of which the areas required for the organization of places of mass recreation of the population are determined (table 6, 7). To solve recreational problems, the project provides for the creation of a park of multifunctional use with the allocation of zones of quiet and active recreation. In the zone active rest, the construction of a club and sports grounds is envisaged. The quiet recreation area includes shaded areas, meadows, lawns and is intended for quiet relaxation, walking, reading, quiet games.

Table 6 - Calculation of the area for the organization of places of mass recreation of the population.

To increase the aesthetic value of the landscape, as well as improve the recreational conditions with. Frola, the project provides for the construction of a beach along the banks of the river.

The size of the territory of beaches located on lands, resort areas and recreation areas, you should take 1 sq.m. per visitor.

The dimensions of river and lake beaches located on lands suitable for agricultural use should be taken at the rate of 5 sq. M. per visitor.

The size of the territory of specialized therapeutic beaches for patients with limited mobility should be taken at the rate of 8-12 sq.m. per visitor.

The minimum length of the coastal strip of the beach per visitor should be taken at least: 0.2 m for sea beaches, 0.25 m for river and lake beaches.

Due to the fact that swimming, sunbathing, boating and walking by water bodies are the most attractive types of mass recreation, this must be taken into account when planning a solution and engineering improvement of the coastal strip.

On the coastal strip, three zones should be envisaged, different in their functional purpose. The first zone or the beach itself is located near the water's edge up to 30-40 m wide. It is an open space with the necessary equipment for sunbathing. This zone has the highest flooding density.

The second zone is adjacent to the beach and is reserved for outdoor activities.

It houses grounds for volleyball, basketball, table tennis, badminton and other games. Depending on the planning solution of the entire coastal strip, it can have a width of 15 to 40 m. This zone has a lower density of tourists than the previous one.

The third zone is a quiet recreation area, which is designed for walking and relaxing in the shade. It is equipped with playgrounds and has the lowest density of tourists.

The beach area is selected outside the sanitary zone, water supply sources and away from areas of possible water pollution.

The beaches can be grassy, ​​sandy, gravel. The beach area should be flat with a slope to the water within 0.01-0.03. In unfavorable soils, an artificial turf is created from imported material. On the beach, umbrellas, awnings, changing cabins, in some cases showers, as well as toilets and waste bins are installed.

Table 7 - Calculation of the area for the organization of the beach.

Table 8 - Determination of the area of ​​the territory of institutions for long-term recreation.

The control work provides for the creation of water protection zones of reservoirs located in the territory of the settlement. Plowing of land, the use of pesticides, the construction of livestock complexes, the arrangement of parking lots for the repair of equipment, and the storage of fertilizers are prohibited within the water protection zones.

The area of ​​water protection zones is determined in Table 9 and depends on the length of the coastal strip within the boundaries of the plan and the width of the water protection zone, which is given in the task and depends on the length of rivers from their source or the area of ​​the water area of ​​closed reservoirs (lakes, reservoirs).

Table 9 - Determination of the area of ​​water protection zones.

Recreation areas

Among the most visited suburban and suburban natural massifs for short-term and long-term recreation are the mass recreation zones created in largest cities RSFSR. The attendance of mass recreation areas has especially increased due to the increase in the number of personal cars and the development of a mass passenger transport network. So, according to the Institute of the General Plan of Moscow, on weekends, 1/3 of all the city's vacationers go to public recreation zones.

Recreation areas are located within a radius of 25 to 150 km from the city boundaries (Fig. 17, 18) in the most favorable in terms of their natural qualities suburban areas, in most cases in woodlands and on the banks of large reservoirs.

To save natural conditions it is necessary that the number of visitors to green areas in public recreation areas does not exceed 10 people / ha, in places of mass concentration (on beaches, etc. - 30 people / ha).

In public recreation areas, the following can be accommodated: a beach, a recreation center, auto, motorcycle and bicycle stations, forest guards, fishing points, a one-day recreation house, a one-day recreation center, a recreation camp, a hotel-boarding house, a sports base ( sport Club), sanatoriums, rest houses, pioneer camps.

With a large number of possible planning solutions areas of mass recreation (Fig. 19), you can highlight the main provisions that must be taken into account when planning these objects of landscaping.

The existing natural conditions of these territories are preserved and improved to the maximum extent: they create new or improve old water bodies, expand the range of plants in forests, organize a variety of garden and park compositions (Fig. 20).

According to the most picturesque places lay motor and pedestrian roads, making routes of a certain length.

Various objects are placed on the territory so that there is the most convenient communication with them.

When planning landscaping facilities, it is of great importance to establish the number of visitors in various objects of public recreation areas.

Based on an analysis of the experience of operating public recreation areas in a number of cities, their optimal capacity was established (% of the capacity of the entire public recreation area):

Of course, these indicators are only indicative and may vary depending on the natural conditions of a given zone, its size, distance from the city.

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Places out-of-town rest and tourism as objects of architectural and landscape design are particularly complex due to their close connection with the tasks of nature protection, the need to take into account many factors of planning, sanitary and hygienic, social orders at the highest scale urban planning levels.

A recreation area, or a recreational zone, is a territorial entity with an area of ​​several tens (less often up to several hundred) square kilometers, including individual recreation areas, complexes of recreational institutions and devices and having a single planning organization, a service system, transport, engineering and technical support. They, as a rule, are formed near cities to meet the needs of their population for short-term and partially long-term rest. The leading factor in the location of recreation areas is the availability of appropriate recreational resources, that is, suitable natural landscape conditions - forests, rivers and lakes.

The most visited recreation areas located in the immediate vicinity (up to 5 km) from cities differ elevated level improvement, which allows the landscape to withstand high recreational loads. Zones located at a considerable distance from the city, on the contrary, may have a simplified improvement, somewhat closer to the natural environment. If such recreational areas as parks and forest parks, zones of short-term rest near water bodies, sports complexes prevail on the “threshold” of the city, then in the more remote zone of the suburban area there are resting places with an overnight stay (recreation centers and towns of rest, gardening associations, etc.). Finally, in the most distant parts suburban areas facilities for long-term recreation are located (pioneer camps, summer cottages of preschool institutions, boarding houses, recreation centers of enterprises - usually surrounded by forests, near water bodies).

Zones of mass short-term recreation, which require the transportation of a large number of vacationers during peak hours of weekends, are located within walking distance from railway stations, metro departure lines, bus routes, stops water transport... Within the boundaries of the zones, it is necessary to ensure the alternation of intensively and extensively used territories, in which the complex of initial (or restored) natural conditions is preserved with the greatest possible completeness. The service centers around which the territory of intensive development is formed should be located approximately at a distance of 2 ... 3 km from each other, so that the width of the extensive development strip is at least 1.5 km. In view of the fact that most intensively vacationers use the edges of the forest tracts that go directly to the water bodies, the degree of landscaping in the greened coastal strips up to 150 m wide should approach the park and provide loads of up to 30 people / ha. Here, a dense network of paved roads and paths, lawns, clumps of trees and bushes are formed, benches, urns, drinking fountains, outdoor lamps, and shade canopies are placed. Within the beaches - grassy and sandy - the load can be 100 and 1000 people / ha, respectively (the approximate width of the beach strip is 30 ... 60 m). Long-term recreation zones have a more complex structure: in them, individual recreational establishments are grouped into complexes, and the complexes - into groups of complexes, at least 2 ... 3 km apart from each other, filling the gaps with forest parks. This makes it possible to avoid the emergence of extensive zones of continuous recreational buildings, which depressingly affect the majority of vacationers and pose a threat to the ecological balance of the natural environment.

Based on the analysis of the most successful examples of design and construction practice, the following types of development in recreation complexes can be recommended:

a group of one-story bungalow houses or one-, two-story pavilions. The size of the group is 80 ... 100 block cells or 8 ... 12 pavilions, the capacity of the group is 150 ... 400 seats; construction site 5 ... 6 hectares; load on the site is 30 ... 70 people / ha (Fig. 6.1);

a group of two-, three-, five-storey buildings with a compact plan. The number of buildings is 3 ... 6, the capacity of the group is 400 ... 800 places, the building area is 5 ... 9 ha, the load on the site is 70 ... 100 people / ha;

a group of six-, nine-storey buildings with a compact plan. The number of buildings is 3 ... 5, the capacity of the group is 800 ... 1000 places, the construction site is 8 ... 9 ha, the load on the site is 100 ... 120 people / ha.

Rice. 6.2. Fragment of the recreation area on the Zaslavskoe reservoir near Minsk. Coastal meadow park: 1 - structures; 2 - inputs; 3 - entrances; 4 - parking lot; 5 - service centers and settlements; 6 - beaches; 7 - Railway; 8 - motorways; 9 - park road; 10 - walking pedestrian paths; 11 - tree and shrub massifs; 12 - meadows; 13 - reservoirs; fourteen - main center service for vacationers; 15 - a sub-center for servicing vacationers; 16 - sports area; 17 - "Upland Park"; 18 - meadow parks; 19 - beaches; 20 - quiet recreation area; 21 - historical and memorial center; 22 - country hotel; 23 - stage; 24 - dance floor; 25 - cafe; 26 - fishermen's base; 27 - decorative pool; 28 - channel; 29 - Park "Nature and Fantasy"; 30 - "Swamp Garden"; 31 - Fisherman's Happiness Bay; 32 - "Chamomile Meadow"; 33 - "Alpine Hill"; 34 - "Heather meadow"; 55 - road "Rainbow"; 36 - tower "Vezha"

However, the sizes, functional organization, architectural and landscape appearance, planning structure of recreation areas located in different natural and urban planning conditions are extremely diverse and hardly amenable to strict standardization or typification. As an example, consider one of the most famous suburban recreational zones, which was formed near the artificial Zaslavskoe reservoir near the northwestern borders of Minsk (Fig. 6.2). This zone is a continuation of the urban water-green diameter, formed on the banks of the dammed river Svisloch, and covers an area of ​​16.5 thousand hectares. The natural environment here was favorable for the creation of places of mass recreation: a fairly large water area of ​​the reservoir (3 thousand hectares) with a rugged coastline, it is partially adjoined by pine and deciduous forests (30% of the total area of ​​the zone), many flowering meadows, beaches.

For the first 10 ... 15 years (since 1952), this recreation area developed without taking into account the long-term prospects for the development of the entire recreation system of the city's population, without a scientific study of the natural situation and calculation of the probable recreational load on landscape complexes. Due to insufficient attention to the environmental side of construction, a number of unfavorable changes have taken place here. A large number of tourists appeared in those parts of the forest that adjoin the shores, which caused their degradation. Natural beaches have become unsanitary, and several small, equipped beaches have also been unable to withstand the overload. The water bloomed in the bays of the reservoir, since its bed was not cleaned. Pioneer camps and other institutions with large fenced areas began to interfere with those who come here for a short vacation. In 1969, the Minskproject Institute developed a project, an important part of which was a detailed assessment of natural landscapes, a forecast of their possible changes in the future. The developed planning concept was based on the analysis of the physical-geographical, hygienic, natural-historical, aesthetic characteristics of the current situation.

Additional watering of the reservoir from the river basin was designed and carried out. Neman, which led to an improvement in the water regime of all waters of the zone. A regime has been established for the protection of soil cover, forests and small watercourses. To reduce the recreational load on the previously developed parts of the reservoir coast, new beaches were organized. Cultural and consumer services are now carried out through a system of special centers and sub-centers, conveniently connected with transport and pedestrian directions. Based on the calculation of the one-time capacity of the recreation area, all its constituent elements develop: a meadow park, a hydropark, forest parks, beaches and the local resort "Zhdanovichi". The previously poorly developed western and northwestern parts of the reservoir (beaches, yacht clubs, sports bases, a rowing canal, a forest park, etc.) are being improved. New meadow park on a previously waterlogged south bank(closest to the city) carries out an "intercepting" function, regulates the flow of tourists and thereby relieves excessive stress on pine forests... The meadow park includes a vast "chamomile meadow", "heather meadows", a "swamp garden" with weeping willows, birch groves - landscapes typical for this part of Belarus.