All about mountains for children. Report on the Ural Mountains

The Urals mountains stretch for 2000 km from north to south, dividing our country into 2 parts: European and Asian. They begin at the Arctic Ocean, cross Russia and end in Kazakhstan. This can be clearly seen on the map. The highest mountain in the Urals is Narodnaya. It is located in the north, its height is 1894 meters. The width of the mountains throughout its length ranges from 40 to 150 km.

The ancient Greeks knew about the existence of the Ural Mountains. They believed that the legendary country of Hyperborea was located just beyond the mountains.

Geology of the Urals

The Ural Mountains were not always so low. Their formation began about 350 million years ago. During their youth, the mountains reached a height of about 6,000 meters. There was a time when here volcanoes were active, there were strong earthquakes, magma poured out, new rocks were formed, future mineral deposits were laid. Hundreds of millions of years have passed since then. Volcanoes have grown old, mountains have collapsed. But from time to time the Urals recalls their stormy youth, and then. The last of these happened in the fall of 2015.

Nature

For 2000 km the mountains pass several natural areas, starting with the tundra in the north, continuing with the taiga in the middle and ending with the steppe in the south. Naturally, both nature and animal world different everywhere. If in the north you can find, then in the south marmots and gophers are common. When tulips are already blooming in the south, winter is still seen off in the north.

Although the mountain slopes are not steep, they interfere with the winds, therefore the climate of the European part differs from the climate of the Asian part.

Minerals

It is located and mined in the bowels of the Urals. Some of them are very rare and are found only here. Among the most famous are:

silver;
copper ore;
semi-precious stones;

Everyone knows crafts and jewelry made from a beautiful green Ural stone - malachite. Products made from it can be seen in the St. Petersburg Hermitage. Many folk tales about the extraction of fossil resources were processed by the storyteller P.P. Bazhov.

Population

The majority of the population lives in large industrial cities. In terms of ethnic composition, these are mainly Russians. Then there are Tatars, Bashkirs, Ukrainians, Kazakhs and other nationalities.

Industry

In the Ural region, the most common industries are metallurgy and mechanical engineering. Copper ore was mined here 5 thousand years ago. The modern period of development of metallurgy began under Peter I. The most famous industrial city is Chelyabinsk. If Yekaterinburg is called the capital of the Urals, then Chelyabinsk is the capital of the Southern Urals. There are good rail, road and air links between all cities in the region. A highly developed industry also has negative sides: the atmosphere in the cities of the region is very dirty.

Books have been written and feature films about the origin and development of industry in the Urals. During the Great Patriotic War The Urals took over enterprises from the western part of the Soviet Union. Both old and young worked here, supplying the front with ammunition. In the cities, military hospitals were established in which wounded soldiers were treated.

The Ural Mountains still keep many unsolved mysteries that future historians, naturalists, geologists, and zoologists will be able to discover.

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For many years now I have been collecting interesting quotes from travelers, climbers, researchers on outdoor topics.

All this is mainly accumulated "on the table", although sometimes it finds application.

So, for example, we made a package for ours with some quotes from my collection.

But still, the bulk lies "dead weight" and does not work, although many quotes, as the quintessence of the experience and views on the life of people, great and versed not by hearsay in travel, mountaineering, human interaction with wildlife and mountains, can be useful and interesting to many.

Some quotes can cause a smile with their naivety, for example, I liked the statement of Maurice Erzog about Annapurna, and I took it to my collection. The words about the mountain were said even before the expedition to this eight-thousander began, in Russian translation they sound like this:

"As for Annapurna ... this summit is easily accessible and that is why it is of only limited sporting interest."© Maurice Herzog

It is difficult to agree with this statement now, knowing that Annapurna is one of the most difficult and dangerous eight-thousanders on the planet.

Some quotes bear the imprint of the era, are a product of their time and personify the development and ideas of society, which we can look at through the prism of the achievements known to us. As an example, an overtly racist quote by Robert Peary

“One smart white man should be at the head, two whites invited on the expedition because of their courage, determination, physical endurance and dedication to the leader should make up the arms, and the dog drivers and other local people should be the body and legs of the expedition. For the peace of mind of men, it is necessary to take women on the journey; in addition, they are in many ways as useful as men, and in terms of strength and endurance, they are often almost equal to them. "

But of particular value, I think, are the thoughts spoken by great travelers, climbers and investigators on preparation, organization and safety. Very often, one apt and strong phrase uttered by a distinguished person can give much more to understand the essence of the issue than lengthy articles and verbose explanations.

My favorite quote from these belongs to Roald Amundsen and sounds:

"Expedition is preparation"

In just three words, the great polar explorer was able to express the main success of any business.

Quotes about mountains and mountaineering

“In the mountains, you need to depend only on yourself, on your strengths, so you can count on high altitude someone will help - it's immoral. " © Anatoly Bukreev

"Mountains are not stadiums where I fulfill my ambitions, they are temples where I practice my religion." © Anatoly Bukreev

"The mountains have the power to call us to their land, this is no longer a passion, this is my fate ..." © Anatoly Bukreev

“Only mountains can be better than mountains,
I haven’t been to yet. "

"Everyone needs something exceptional in an era when money can have everything." © Reinhold Messner

“A person learns through defeats, not victories, as it might seem. To correctly assess the situation, you need to know your limit and you can only determine it in practice. I have had failures at thirteen 8000m and want to be remembered as the climber with the most failures. Records didn't interest me. If at one time I had not failed at Dhaulagiri, Makalu and Lhotse, I would have died long ago. I love challenges, but I know how to retreat in time. " © Reinhold Messner

"If you go to mountains where there is no danger, you are not a real climber." © Reinhold Messner

“Mountaineering is an archaic world devoid of rules, and that is why the cost of a mistake is very high here. The anarchy reigning all around forces the climber to be independently responsible for his life. Each difficult ascent is deadly, and in this sense mountaineering is a deeply selfish occupation. " © Reinhold Messner

“I was also not of the opinion that a climber who died while climbing would automatically become a hero. The death of a climber is a tragedy. No more no less. And the only thing that can be done for the victims is to help their loved ones. " © Reinhold Messner

“For those suffering from stress, lost in the expanding civilization of man, the mountains have become a kind of“ play space ”in which he can enrich himself with experiences and experiences that are not available to him in everyday life. Play space, game, game rules. Owning them is the only prerequisite for fully enjoying the exciting lifestyle: mountaineering. " © Reinhold Messner

"Only climbers know how much willpower and courage it takes to retreat where there is at least something to justify going up." © Reinhold Messner

"I'm a happy person. I had a dream and it came true, and this rarely happens to a person. To climb Everest - my people call it Chomolungma - was the secret desire of my whole life. Seven times I got down to business; I failed and started all over again, over and over again, not with a sense of bitterness that leads a soldier to the enemy, but with love, like a child climbing onto her mother's lap. " © Tenzing Norgay

“I hate grumbling and clashing over little things when it comes to great things. When people go to the mountains, they should forget about the mole tubercles. Anyone who goes to great business must have a great soul. ”© Tenzing Norgay

“For the opportunity to go to Everest, I would agree to any job, from a dishwasher to a yeti driver.” © Tenzing Norgay

“… I trained hard, trying to regain my shape. I got up early in the morning, loaded my backpack with stones, and made long walks along the hills around the city - this was my custom for a number of years before large expeditions. I didn’t smoke, didn’t drink, I avoided parties, which I usually like very much. And all this time I thought, planned, made assumptions about how my seventh trek to Everest would go. “This time you must conquer the summit,” I told myself. “Conquer or die ..” © Tenzing Norgay

“Future generations will ask:“ What kind of people were the first to ascend to the top of the world? ” And I would like the answer to be one that I do not need to be ashamed of. Everest: the highest point of not one country, but the whole world. He was taken by the people of the East and West together. He belongs to all of us. And I also want to belong to everyone, to be a brother to all people ... ”© Tenzing Norgay

“The summit cannot be conquered. You stand on it for a few minutes, and then the wind sweeps away your tracks. " © Arlen Bloom

“You never conquer a mountain. You just stand on the top a few moments. Then the wind blows your footprints away. " © Arlene Blum

"For most people, mountains are something majestic, but far from everyday life, that is, perfect harmony." © Uli Steck

“I am often scared, although no one believes it. But when is a person not afraid? When he does not know something or overestimates his abilities. Fortunately, this - that I overestimate myself - did not happen to me ... ”© Ueli Steck

“Love, above all, the mountains. You need to know the mountains, respect them and not think that you will cover them with hats. With the mountains you need to be on "you". Whether it is the top of category 1b or a route the highest category. " © Vladimir Shataev

“I can look up at the mountain for hours. It may sound strange, but I am talking to the mountain. I try to understand whether she is waiting for me or not, whether she will let me in or not. " © Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner

“Sometimes I think that is why I go to the mountains to understand how dear to me, gray everyday life. Returning to learn the taste of a cup of hot tea after several days of thirst, sleep, after many sleepless nights, meet friends after a long solitude, silence, after hours spent in a terrible storm. " © Wanda Rutkiewicz

"I am not going to conquer the mountains - they are as much a part of the world as people. I conquer myself." © Wanda Rutkiewicz

“The mountains are the way, the goal is the person himself. The ultimate meaning is not in reaching mountain peaks, but in improving a person. Climbing makes sense only if the focus of attention is on the person. " © Walter Bonnati

“I think every climber has many reasons to climb the Matterhorn. But the main reason for everyone is the same: to climb the Matterhorn "© Gaston Rebbuef

“Having climbed to the top, a person elevates himself and his soul, his heart and his dream. As far as the eye can see, the land of snow and rocks spreads before him in silence and mystery. Mountains are a special world, they form part of the planet, like a mysterious, isolated kingdom, where will and love are the symbol of life. ”© Gaston Rebbuf

"Tien Shan is not a place for mountaineering entertainment!" © Gottfried Merzbacher

“A woman is the main danger for a climber. We all know this untrustworthy truth. ”© Maurice Herzog

“Having crossed the limits of our forces, having learned the boundaries of the human world, we realized the true greatness of Man” © Maurice Herzog

"No victory could justify deliberately playing with human lives." © Maurice Herzog

"As for Annapurna ... this summit is easily accessible and that is why it is of only limited sporting interest." © Maurice Herzog 1950

“I live as if in a dream. Death is near, I feel. What a wonderful death for a climber! How it harmonizes with the noble passion that dominates our souls! I am grateful to the summit for being so beautiful today. Its silence is reminiscent of the greatness of the cathedral. I do not suffer or worry at all. My calmness is terrible. " © Maurice Herzog June 4, 1950.

“From time to time, at least for cheerfulness, it is useful to look up. On the contrary, it is not recommended to look down, as the sight of these terrifying abysses can shake the firmness of the spirit of any optimist. " © Maurice Herzog

"The mountains call those whose souls are in their height!" Original Russian Text © V.L. Belilovsky

Original Russian Text © V.L. Belilovsky

"A good climber should not only be healthy, he should be resourceful and cunning, be guided by one thought - to survive ..." © Vitaliy Gorelik

"My partners had to be strong, humble, fast and always optimistic." © Simone Moro

“Accidents and risks are part of our life. In love, work, sports, etc. we take risks every day throughout our lives. Climbing in the mountains, of course, is much more risky than working in an office, but I am not attracted to a safe life instead of a deep and fulfilling one ... I prefer to be happy every day of my 36 years than to be happy on Sundays for 80 years ... ”© Simone Moro

"It is important for me to return safe and sound, whether I win or lose, although this term is not particularly suitable for those who come down from above." © Simone Moro

“Even if I have to use it, I hate climbing with oxygen. These are dishonest and unsportsmanlike ascents, and therefore I go back to the mountains where I climbed with oxygen ... ”© Simone Moro

“Easy, fast style and a small team - that's what I love about climbing. Why? This is a sportier and more fair game between the climber and the mountain. I respect, but I do not like to attack the peaks with big teams ... ”© Simone Moro

“An ice ax and cats instead of claws, boots and clothes complement the woolen and fat cover, a tent instead of a cave or burrow. And oxygen is a change in nature itself, the environment ... And one more comparison - about divers. Can you dive 200 meters without scuba gear? That's right - no. And no one can, however, everyone recognizes that these are ABSOLUTELY different sports. And about mountaineering for some reason everyone is sure that there is no big difference. Paradox?" © Denis Urubko

“In general, all the most difficult moments in the mountains, however, as in ordinary life, occur in consciousness, in overcoming oneself and in relationships between people. Frost, wind, height - all these are just attributes, the specificity of the sport, which is only a background for knowing oneself and one's friends. Everything "extreme" is changed, forgotten, but experience and feelings remain. " © Denis Urubko

“We will all be THERE ... but I would like to postpone the term of leaving for“ as far as possible ”. And to do this, you need to control every step, act literally, learn from the masters. " © Denis Urubko

“I believe that mountaineering should be fun, even when it gets really tough, and even when someone has to pay for a challenge. After all, if we are willing to pay such a price, then mountaineering is really fun. " © Chris Bonington

“Society is very unfair to women climbers and climbing mothers. There is no similar attitude towards male climbers who risk their lives in the mountains, leaving their families at home - and the public often condemns mothers who want to climb. In my opinion, both parents are equally important for the child, and therefore I do not see the difference, whether the father or the mother are climbers! " © Edurne Pasaban

“To turn in a situation where it would seem that there is nothing particularly dangerous is sometimes a heroic act. Such feats are only for you. Do them. Turn back, but get the opportunity to come back here again. Not a single mountain is worth a fingernail! " © Nikolay Totmyanin

"The mountains! Their snow-white, dazzling domes against the background of inconceivably blue and deep blue - aren't they a symbol of a human dream, the call of which has troubled audacious souls for centuries? And isn't each of us given his own height in the chosen business? " © Mikhail Turkevich

"The higher and more difficult the peak, the more friends you meet on its slopes, no matter where in the world it is." © Mikhail Turkevich

“We were standing on the highest peak of the planet. We climbed this high, overcoming frost and wind, lack of oxygen and low pressure. We climbed here, risking every minute to fall, to fall under a rockfall, under an avalanche. We gave our comrades the last sip of water so coveted here, yielded to each other the most convenient place in the tents, warmed our neighbor in the bivouac with our warmth, joked and sang songs when the wind tried to tear the tents into the abyss with us ... For such minutes, for the opportunity to test ourselves , it is better to get to know your friends, to reach the limit of what is possible and to look beyond this limit - for the sake of all this it is worth going to the mountains. " © Mikhail Turkevich

“Stars the size of a fist pulsed above us. They broke off and fell to our ground. Fantastic Starfall! The moon hung overhead, and it seemed very easy to reach it with your hand ... ”© Mikhail Turkevich

“What a pleasure it is to contemplate the majestic mountain ranges and be above the clouds! What else in the world can be as integral, as complete as climbing mountains. " © Konrad Gesner

“There is the concept of front-line brotherhood, there is also the concept of mountaineering brotherhood. This is indeed the case. I have a lot of instructor practice. When newcomers begin to leave after a 20-day stay in the alpine camp, they literally leave with tears. Why? People, being in harsh climatic conditions, united by a common idea, communicate, decide common task... Help, mutual assistance, just being together - unites people to such an extent that the phenomenon is called brotherhood. As in a war, when people united in the most difficult conditions, doing a significant thing, winning, losing, fighting, dying, etc.

This is an integral part of mountaineering, it is good, it pleases. I am happy that I know all the people that mountaineering gave me. That we were united by the idea. Although it was in different years, different districts, we have not met for a long time, but what was, you will not be thrown out of your destiny. " © Sergey Bogomolov

“When you stand on the top, especially if it is the top of an eight-thousander - in all directions, as far as the eye can see, the mountains stretch. It seems that the whole world is ridges covered with eternal snows and nothing else. But we know that this is not so. There, further - seas and oceans, forests and gardens, beautiful cities ... This is how it is in my life. Mountaineering is a favorite business, a profession, but apart from it there are family and friends, songs and books, theaters and exhibitions. All this is also very interesting and dear to me. All this is my life. " © Sergey Bershov

“Always keep a clear head and be prepared to work in any conditions and to face any surprises. To do this, you need to comprehensively and constantly prepare. And then you can enjoy the beauty of the mountains and enjoy the climb itself. " © Evgeny Vinogradskiy

“I cannot give you a new answer why people strive to the mountains. Most are still going to just climb to the top. " © Edmund Hillary

“... The struggle of a man with a summit goes beyond the scope of mountaineering in its purely sports sense. In my eyes, she is a symbol of the struggle between man and the forces of nature; it clearly expresses the continuity of this difficult battle and the solidarity of all who took part in it. ... Soon after our return from Everest, some of us had to talk with a group of students. One of them asked me: “What is the point of climbing Everest? Were you financially interested or was it just some kind of crazy? " © John Hunt

"Long attempts to conquer a difficult summit can be compared to a relay race, where each member of the team, having overcome his own section of the path, passes the stick to the next one until the entire distance has been covered." © John Hunt

“While the climber is adjusting to the mountain, this is mountaineering. When he begins to adapt the mountain for his own purposes, it is construction work. " © John Hunt

"I love peaks, as an individual person, as equal parts of a larger whole." © Herbert Tychy

"The risk must always be justified." © Vitaly Abalakov

“Mountaineering is a complex and dangerous multifaceted type of human activity. A rare combination of sophisticated mental and physical work in a very difficult environment. " © Vitaly Abalakov

“What does mountaineering give to an individual? - asked a prominent western climber half a century ago and replied: - He returns us to nature, that element with which most of us have lost direct contact. The aspiration upward, boundless, spontaneous - doesn't it take us, as on magic wings, somewhere far from the usual level, and with it from ordinary thoughts? " © Evgeny Abalakov

"It is sparkling, joyful, calling, then formidable and angry, challenging to combat, then a mysterious, elusive curtain hiding itself and only for a moment opening with wonderful fantastic visions of a special world, a harsh, beautiful, ever-calling element of mountain peaks." © Evgeny Abalakov

“You can be the greatest mountaineer in the world and at the same time be a selfish asshole who doesn't care about your family and friends. Or you may be someone who is trying to learn something from rivers and mountains, who gets better on returning from there. I'm trying to be that kind of person. " © Doug Ammons.

“Climbing for me is one of the forms of knowledge that inspires me, helps me to oppose my inner world to nature. It is a means to experience a state of consciousness where there is no distraction or expectation. This is an intuitive state of being, something that gives me the opportunity to know the moments of true freedom and harmony. " © Lynn Hill

"The colors of mountain sunsets are bright and unique - now scarlet, purple, crimson and crimson, now full of regal shine, when it seems that half the sky is flooded with molten gold." © Konstantin Rototaev

“Mountaineering begins where the paths end, and does not end even at the top, because it is not enough to climb, you also have to descend. On the descent of the climber, difficult trials are often watched. " © Nikolay Tikhonov

The path to the top is open to anyone

The height who loves fearlessly

Where the ice ax rings and where the heart rings

Friendship of the brave is born there!

“… It's how you climb, not where you climb. You know, many years ago in Yosemite we realized that there was nothing above. You climb out, and there are stones and a path down. Therefore, even then it became clear that it is important not where you climbed, but how you did it! And it is this process of "how?" compromises the rampant use of bolts. Or take Everest, for example. The most terrifying example of a "dead end" in mountaineering development! Dozens of almost permanently installed aluminum staircases, kilometers of handrails ... Having gone upstairs, you climbed “something”, but not the Top of the World - Everest. " © Yvonne Showinard

“What is important is what you are doing here and now. It is important to climb the route with pleasure and it is not at all important to leave a mark for centuries. Who needs it, this footprint of yours on this rocky wall that is not necessary for mankind? " © Yvonne Showinard

“What an open space! What an enchanting beauty in all these snow giants, towering up to the sky! What a variety of colors and tones in these fabulous cliffs of an endless chain of mountains, lost somewhere far, far away. How deeply all this touches the soul and heart of a person! He is seized by such a feeling of delight, which is beyond human strength to describe. " © Sergey Kirov

“I am only afraid of bad weather in the mountains. This is the only thing in the mountains that does not depend on us. " © Junko Tabei

“You have to go to the mountain. It is difficult, but you have to go forward, the mountain itself will not come to the base camp. " © Vladislav Terzyul

“There, at a height, closer to God, a person becomes cleaner and nobler” © Vladislav Terzyul

“Mountains, mountains! What magnetism is hidden in you! What a symbol of tranquility is contained in every sparkling peak! The most daring legends are born near the mountains. The most humane words come from the snowy heights. Some people are afraid of the mountains and claim that the mountains strangle them. Aren't these people afraid of big things? " © Nicholas Roerich

"The mountains are the only place where I can rest." © Igor Tamm

“Untouched nature brings incomparable spiritual peace. Added to this is the deep satisfaction of overcoming obstacles. In the mountains, friendship with comrades, sealed by dangers, arises, which remains for life. " © Igor Tamm

"High-altitude mountaineering is the closest sport to cosmonautics" © Terman Titov

“Everest is the high-altitude pole of the earth. Getting to the top on foot, relying on my own legs and on the power of reason, turned out to be only slightly easier than landing for a man on the moon. Only 16 years have separated these two events. " ©

F.M. Sveshnikov

“Mountaineering is a sport of difficult decisions. In the mountains you cannot hide behind an empty word, here they value only deeds. A man in mountaineering is worth exactly what he really is. " Original Russian Text © F.M. Sveshnikov

“At any age, you have to keep dreaming. You have to try to make dreams come true. I know very well that if you have a firm heart and take one small step after another, you will reach the top of the world. " © Iuchiro Miuro

“Believe in yourself in the face of death. Fear won't do anything for you. It doesn't matter whether you are alive or dead, when your heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute. Fears go away when you just start climbing up. " © Iuchiro Miuro

“I realized very early that the one who walks with a strong partner may never learn the very essence of mountaineering, and in any case will receive only part of the emotions from climbing ... In the end, he is only a follower ... if he is in the lead, he takes take responsibility for the success of the enterprise, then something more opens up for him ... I see no reason why women could not lead in serious ascents ... but I also realize that if a woman takes on this role, then the participation of men in the project cannot be out of the question. " © Miriam O'Brien Underhill

"He who does not get confused in the snowy mountains will not get cold feet in battle." This is the slogan of the Soviet climber. Cowardice is lack of confidence in oneself, in one's knowledge. Cowardice should not be confused with such qualities as caution, attentiveness, accuracy, sometimes slowness due to careful control of the path, guarding and self-protection.
A courageous person is one who, having weighed all the difficulties and having prepared accordingly for overcoming them, resolutely, energetically fights for the implementation of the task, who does not get lost in difficult times; who calmly, patiently seeks the way to victory, he will always find it .. ”© Physical training of climbers I. Yukhin, 1939.

“The only way to compensate for my inferiority, my lack of self-confidence was in mountaineering. To surrender to this entirely remained for me the only salvation. Now the natural course of events in my life has become the conquest of one peak after another - first in Japan, and then abroad. " © Naomi Uemura

“Mountaineering is more of a mental sport than a physical one. If you really really want to do something, what is a little more pain for you, then? Just go with it. " © Mark Inglis

“The call of the high mountains ... Maybe this is part of the eternal search of man, a kind of excess of that vital energy that moves mankind from century to century in its attempt to always achieve more and more high peak human aspirations? .. Even if the conquest of Everest becomes an ordinary event, there will always be more high Everests; even if in the distant future our Earth becomes a place without secrets, there will always be other peaks for ascents and other worlds for exploration. For those who are ready to venture fearlessly into uncharted seas and unconquered peaks of human aspiration, there will never be a shortage of adventure for mind and body. " © Jawaharlal Nehru

“Let, however, do not think that the ascent of highest peaks- only hard, tedious work. There are no words to describe the impression made by these giants, or to convey the feeling of a climber who found himself on the verge of a dead kingdom, where a violent wind, scorching sun and merciless frost, as well as rarefied air, make all life impossible. " © Evans Charles, Inviolable Kangchenjunga, M., Physical Education and Sports, 1961

“What made both man and animal strive for these barren heights? Dr. James Chapin, who has devoted many years to studying the birds of the Congo, once found the skeleton of a Gamlin monkey on the top of Karisimbi, many miles from its native forests. And recently I read an interesting article about a pack of hyena dogs that was seen in the Kilimanjaro glaciers, at an altitude of almost twenty thousand feet. Perhaps a person is not the only creature in this world who climbs a mountain just because it is in front of him. " © George Schaller A year under the sign of the gorilla. M., Thought, 1968.

“… As I crossed the ridge into Georgia, I threw the cart and began to ride: I climbed the snowy mountain (Krestovaya) to the very top, which is not easy at all; half of Georgia is visible from there as if on a silver platter, and, really, I do not undertake to explain or describe this amazing feeling; for me the mountain air is a balm; blues to hell, my heart is beating, my chest is breathing high - nothing is needed at this moment; I would have sat and watched my whole life. " © Mikhail Lermontov

“I am far from self-praise, far from ambition and rivalry, I just want to say that mountaineering should be viewed as a wonderful game, in which every accident is either a mistake or carelessness, and death is a real tragedy. In order to avoid demonstration of heroism, I, like most of us, believe that it is better to wait than to rush and take risks, it is better to slow down than to choke, it is better to sing than to shout ... "© Jean Franco" Makalu "

“We have entered into a grandiose and wonderful battle with nature, and I invest all our physical, mental and moral strength in achieving victory. In a few weeks, the battle, which took place in an atmosphere of passion and brotherly friendship, lifted us above human mediocrity. " © Jean Franco "Battle for Jeanne"

"When you look from the height of Pobeda Peak, it seems that the rest of the peaks squatted down." © Lyudmila Agranovskaya

"Mountains are made to show a person what a dream might look like .." © Yuri Vizbor

“Life is a continuous ascent along an untrodden path that winds along the mountain slopes ... I stand on a white mountain and look into the blue distance of the roads passed. Ahead rises a peak under a blue hat of snow. If I manage to climb it, I will see new distances ... ”© A. Keshokov story View from the White Mountain

“Great things are done when men and mountains meet ...” © William Blake

“Something inside me is killing my interest in playing at low stakes. For me, there is either a high stake or nothing. And it eats me up. " © Jerzy Kukuczka

"The mountains are a place where you can exchange life for endless bliss." © Milarepa Shepa Dorje

“Mountaineering in my life was not just a sport that gives a good mood. This is a worldview that states simple truths, glorifying good things: courage and camaraderie, the desire to learn and the desire to help, dedication to the goal, meaning and joy of daring, sensitivity and amazing courage. " © Boris Delone

“To love is not to look at each other, but to look together in the same direction. Comrades, only those who, holding on to one rope, with joint efforts climb onto mountain peak and in this they find their closeness. " © Antoine de Saint-Exupery

"Winter high-altitude climbing is a sophisticated way of suffering in the mountains." © Voytek Kurtyka

“Winter expeditions are the only mountaineering without the struggle of“ stars ”, rivalry, competition with each other. The mountain is so difficult in winter that everyone rallies for a common goal in an atmosphere of partnership, mutual assistance and goodwill. Such an atmosphere has survived now only in speleology and in winter Himalayan ascents. This is already impossible to find in summer alpine ascents. " © Voytek Kurtyka

“The essence of winter Himalayan ascents is overcoming one's own pain caused by cold, discomfort and other reasons. You can believe me that it is. I believe that winter Himalayan ascents have little to do with the essence of real mountaineering, which begins where conventional tourism ends, and the person is forced to overcome technical difficulties with the help of his hands. In winter you cannot take off your mittens, so there is no question of difficult technical ascents. The combination of very low temperatures and 8000 m makes real mountaineering impossible. " © Voytek Kurtyka

“The maxim that there is only good or nothing about the deceased plays an extremely negative role in understanding the catastrophe that happened. Not embellished truth of what happened - the last gift of the departed - alive. We often ignore it (the gift), allegedly for moral reasons. But this is really immoral. " © Igor Komarov

"Freeride is a martial art where life is at stake." © Igor Komarov

“Going first is a special job. Here you are alone with the wall. Comrades are mentally with you, but no one is around. Only the rope pulls down a lot, connecting you with the world of people, and the rock hangs over your head. Often, the next section of the route seems impassable, and there is no more confidence in success, and alarm hangs over the wall like a cloud. Then, as if for a convenient shelf, you grab the thought: you have made up your mind, accepted the challenge - so drive away doubts, turn off all extraneous things from your consciousness, focus on the goal, you have to go through ”© Vitaliy Bodnik

“Victory in mountaineering generously gives a person the joy of victory over himself. And she also makes a fellow in the bunch your brother, and this manly brotherhood is stronger than granite "© Vitaliy Bodnik

“Many are afraid of the mountains, but this is due to their ignorance. The unknown is always scary. The mountains are, of course, formidable, but not treacherous or malicious. Hurry up the mountains! The discovery of pristine nature awaits you. You will discover yourself. " © Vasily Kovtun

“The Caucasus Mountains are much more beautiful, their peaks are spiky; the abysses separating the peaks from each other give the impression of immeasurable depth. " © Douglas Freshfield

“The strongest fear arises in those moments when you realize that you are still alive and well, but you are already finished ... that is, the brain has time to fully realize that you have practically no chances to survive.” © Valery Rozov

“I have no respect for people who walk on a tightrope using belay. I don't really like the fact that if you fall you will die, but this is part of what is called tightrope walking. " © Philippe Petit

“The snow is hiding and waiting. Waiting for our oversight. One has only to cut the layer, maybe even shout loudly, and the slope will go away from under your feet. We know how it happens: first a soft crack, then a rustling, and then a crash. Just a second. Before you have time to look back, you will be buried under a multi-meter thickness of cold and heavy, like cast iron, snow. " © A. Kuznetsov “At the bottom of Svaneti”

“… From edge to edge, along the entire horizon, in the glaciers and snows there is the great Tien Shan system. All of it burns with golden-orange and red tones of sunset, and Khan-Tengri floats from above, like a giant faceted ruby, set in a dark turquoise sky. " © Semenov-Tyan-Shansky ".

"The forces of untamed nature - wind, clouds, storm and cold - find their strongest expression on the tops of the mountains, endowing the heights with the aura of the wild nature in its most extreme and undisturbed state." © Bernbaum Edwin

"Snow is snow wherever it falls, and avalanches speak the global language of violence ..." © Montgomery Otwater

“... After all, as long as there are mountains, there will be footprints on their slopes, there will be notes on the peaks ... This is the law of man's struggle with mountains. And in everyone's life, sooner or later, there comes a moment when he must meet nature face to face and feel that a person is stronger than her even in a small number. Humanity has existed for twenty thousand generations, of which nineteen thousand eight hundred generations - ninety-nine percent - fought against nature without the help of electricity, machines and science. In the current generations, there is still a lot of disturbing ancestral blood. The word "feat" means an action that is not given to everyone to perform. But those who go to the mountains, as a rule, do not think about the feat, dreaming only of enjoying the incomparable feeling of pioneers, they want to see whole countries lying at their feet under the clouds, so that the shadow from the hand stretches for hundreds of kilometers and the purple sky is towards them. a little closer than to other people ... And let the voices disappear from the whirlwind for a while and leave people alone with the mountains. For mountains and people are a continuous battle. " © Evgeny Iordanishvili

“I only know three real sports: bullfighting, mountaineering and auto racing. The rest of the sports are games. " © Ernest Hemingway

“In the struggle with the summit, in striving for the immensity, man wins, acquires and asserts himself first of all. In the extreme tension of the struggle, on the brink of death, the Universe disappears, it ends next to us. Space, time, fear, suffering no longer exist. And then everything can be available. It’s like on the crest of a wave, when, during a violent storm, a strange, great calmness suddenly reigns in us. This is not spiritual emptiness, on the contrary, it is the heat of the soul, its impulse and aspiration. And then we are confidently aware that there is something indestructible in us, a force before which nothing can resist. " © Lucien Devi

"In the mountains they do not walk with their feet, in the mountains they walk with their heads." © folk wisdom

“A bad road is the one on which the traveler will surely fall, and his body cannot be found. A good road is the one from which the traveler falls, but his corpse can be found and buried. And the beautiful road is the one from which the traveler may not fall "© folk wisdom

"Remember the traveler, in the mountains you are like a tear on the eyelash of Allah." © folk wisdom

“Everest is a bird that flew higher than other birds.” © folk wisdom

"The man who is at the very top of the mountain did not fall there from the sky." © Confucius

Quotes about travel, expeditions and wildlife

"Expedition is preparation" © Amundsen Roalle

“Willpower is the first and most important quality of a skilled explorer. Only by knowing how to control his will, he can hope to overcome the difficulties that nature raises in his path. " © Amundsen Roald

“What is still unknown to us on our planet, presses with some kind of oppression on the consciousness of most people. This unknown is something that man has not yet conquered, some constant proof of our impotence, some unpleasant challenge to dominate nature. " © Amundsen Roald

"Prudence and caution are equally important: prudence to spot difficulties in time, and caution to prepare in the most careful way for their meeting." © Amundsen Roald

“It’s bad to stay at one fire for a long time: your eyes get tired of looking at the same thing, your ears go deaf. We must go. The turbidity does not hold in fast water ... "© Ulukitkan

“When people ask me why I am going on this or that trip, I usually answer: I don’t know, but this is really so. After all, if I knew what awaited me, I would not go on the road. " © Jacques Yves Cousteau

"Only impossible missions succeed." © Jacques Yves Cousteau

“On a dark, cold night, wrapped in a blanket, I sit motionless on the shore and listen to the fountains of smooth whales. They are very close. Although it is difficult to distinguish their massive forms in the dark, I know that they swim close to the shore, sometimes touching the bottom in shallow water with their belly. But they jump out two hundred meters from me. Their huge bodies fall into the water with a terrible noise. In between the bursts, the deep breaths of whales are heard: for me this powerful choir concert is the most beautiful music in the ocean. This is how I spend my first night in Patagonia ... ”© Philippe Cousteau

"I believe that there are neither heights nor depths that a person with the help of Reason could not reach." © John Hunt

“Polar night, you look like a woman, a delightful, beautiful woman with noble features antique statue, but also with its marble coldness. On your high brow, clear as pure ether, there is not a trace of sympathy for the petty sorrows of the human race, on your pale beautiful cheeks - not a trace of feeling ... I am exhausted from your cold beauty, I long for life, warmth, light! Let me return either victorious or beggar - It doesn't matter to me! But let me go back and start living again. ”© Fridtjof Nansen

“With our experience, we should agree that real wealth cannot be obtained with the help of an army, cannot be won with a sling or a bomb that can fly around the world fifteen times and hit us in the back of the head, not just our enemies. Genuine values are found on the enemy's ground and not in the bank. You cannot put them on the scales and you cannot see them with a simple eye, because you have to look for them inside your own head. What is stored in the soul cannot be taken away. " © Tour Heirdal

“Borders? I have not seen one. True, I heard that some people have them in their heads. " © Tour Heirdal

“Really, why make a fuss about something that has been done? I never only think back about the past. There is too much to be done in the future! " © Edmund Hillary

“Many of us in our youth try to prove to ourselves that we are capable of overcoming unusual situations. For me, such a situation was an autonomous life in the forest. Soon I realized that I can kill an animal or a bird, use mushrooms, berries, but why? Everything turned out to be a more difficult task: you need to shoot what you see, turn what you see into visible images. So I shoot nature all my life. " © Vadim Gippenreiter

“A person's life needs romance. It is she who gives a person divine strength to travel beyond the ordinary. " © Fridtjof Nansen

"Victory awaits the one who is all right, and this is called luck." © Roald Amundsen

“Winter is not an enemy, it is a great helper, throwing bridges over the seas, covering the bare stones of the mountains and smoothing the crevasses. And as soon as the toboggan run makes the trip possible, you are irresistibly pulled into the distance, new plans are born, and you just wait impatiently for the frost to grow stronger. " © Knud Rasmussen

"... if water is more important than food, then hope for a person is more important and more important than water." © Alain Bombard

“Let's thank those who did not believe us! Without them, we would never have known the joy of victory! " © Alain Bombard

“Victims of legendary shipwrecks who died prematurely, I know: it was not the sea that killed you, it was not hunger that killed you, it was not thirst that killed you! Swaying on the waves to the plaintive cries of seagulls, you died of fear. " © Alain Bombard

"The romance of distant wanderings, contemplation of the surrounding nature, immersion in it are combined in me with the desire for sports records" © Marina Galkina

“Traveling alone with no means of communication is exciting. Precisely without means of communication, I emphasize. There is an undoubted share of risk in this and the acuity of sensations, the fullness of life is guaranteed. It all depends on you, on your strength, your skill, dexterity. You are given the right to choose any path, yours the last word... You feel real freedom. Only on such a journey do you completely break away from civilization, merge more closely with nature, understand your insignificance and defenselessness "© Marina Galkina

“Frankly speaking, one should be born as a traveler, and one should venture into the distance only in years of full strength.” © Petr Kozlov

"Most favorite place both in Russia and in the world - this is Kamchatka. There unique nature... In general, I am more interested in traveling around the country than abroad .... a person cannot love without knowing. All our lives we love the place where we grew up, because we absorbed it from childhood, we grew up with these trees and this grass. Russia is known very little - I myself discover it for myself every time. " © Yuri Senkevich

“Rivers are a gift to us. Water is a metaphor for the passage of time, and each has its own place in the stream. " © Doug Ammons.

“In order to see the stars, every year you have to leave home more and more…” © Yuri Vizbor

“My worst enemy on the way to my goal is fear. I am a very cowardly person and, like all cowardly people, I strive to conquer my fear. The victory over fear makes me happy ... .. I want to be stronger than my own fear, for this I look for danger again and again. " © Reinhold Messner

"I am Sisyphus, that all my life I can roll up my stone, that is, myself, without reaching the top, because there can be no top in knowing myself." © Reinhold Messner

“I don’t remember when I got rid of the religious feeling, I know only one thing: since then it became more difficult for me to convince myself that I am not alone in the world, not abandoned.” © Reinhold Messner

“I am my homeland, and my banner is my handkerchief” © Reinhold Messner

"Minimum unnecessary, but vital - in double the amount, this is my motto" © Reinhold Messner

“I do everything with passion - except for the bureaucratic business, which I hate” © Reinhold Messner

“Adventure gives us joy. But joy, after all, is the goal of life. We do not live to eat or to earn money. We eat and earn money to be able to rejoice. This is the meaning of life, and this is what it was given for. " © George Mallory

“I traveled around the World to ski. Fly with the wind. Laugh with the gods. " © Iuchiro Miuro

"People give up when it's hard, dogs give up when they die." © Naomi Uemura

“Deep diving is always solo, it is comparable to climbing eight-thousanders and all responsibility lies only with you. Complete self-sufficiency. " © Pascal Bernabe

“Travels have been, are and will be. And after a hundred years, and after two hundred, and after a thousand. They will change - they will become different, only the word will remain the same. You can no longer be like Miklouho-Maclay or Sedov. Now continents or islands are not being discovered. You reveal your spirituality. " © Fedor Konyukhov

“For a true traveler, there is only one goal - overcoming difficulties. And there is only one aspiration - to break through the horizon. " © Nick Tendy

“Why do people love wild places? For the mountains? They may not exist. For forests, lakes and rivers? But it may be a desert, and people will still love it. The desert, the monotonous ocean, the untouched snowy plains of the north, all the deserted expanses, no matter how dull, are the only places on earth where freedom dwells. " © Rockwell Kent

“The sparkling, immaculate whiteness of the alpine snows, untouched, or perhaps unattainable; the beauty of the mountains, covered with a misty haze, because of which you cannot distinguish whether it is the earth or a cloud; distant, clear, passionless mountains - all this symbolizes the highest aspirations of the spirit. The universe appears to people in all its glory and greatness, they are seized by anxiety, the craving for adventure characteristic of their ancestors wakes up in them, and they leave ... It is not a conscious choice that makes people change comfort and safety for adventure and adversity - most likely, there is an impulse more deeper and stronger than consciousness and reason "© Rockwell Kent

"Speleology requires a lot of patience, and not impotent patience, but the perseverance of long-term efforts." © Norbert Kaster

“The climber can explore the mountain of his dreams, looking at it through binoculars, and outline the path of the ascent among the paths and rocks with his eyes. The speleologist, on the other hand, making assumptions, is almost always mistaken due to surprises and incredible difficulties. underworld... Alas! All his hypotheses are shattered when faced with insurmountable obstacles. Collapses of arches, impassable cracks, dead ends, lakes, siphons now and then mercilessly stop the caver on his way. " © Norbert Kaster

“It's uncomfortable underground. Everything is harsh, sometimes ominous, always majestic and full of threats. Of course, this is why humans and animals instinctively avoid and fear the underworld. Only a few adapt to this realm of death and have an interest, even a passion, to explore it. These are cavers. " © Norbert Kaster

“Abyss, you almost destroyed me and, perhaps, you will still become my grave! But how many sublime moments of happiness you gave me in the midst of all suffering! Here I experienced the delight of searching and the intoxication of discoveries. " © Michelle Sifre

"On geographical maps there are no longer vast white spots, and no more virgin lands. Only three areas are still of interest for research: space, but only a select few have access there, then the ocean, which provides scientists with unlimited space, and, finally, the bowels of the earth with their caves, grottoes and abysses. This is my world. " © Michelle Sifre

“For a speleologist, the most sticky, viscous, fragile clay that covers everything with its layer is never just mud, but always remains a noble substance with which he is completely impregnated, which covers him from head to toe, and sometimes turns into ice, but which ultimately it is inevitable and habitual to such an extent that it becomes, as it were, a classic, characteristic feature of caves. All smeared with clay, this time, say, just mud, the caver has no right to say with pride, like Cyrano de Bergerac: "I am morally elegant!" © Norbert Kaster

“All extreme activity is a tribute to life. After all, how can you say to your life "I love you" if you spent all of it on the couch? " © Den Osman

“I've always been different. People look at me and say "you're crazy!" ... But what I do, I do for myself, for no one else. I am not suicidal. When you sit on the couch with your gaze on the drawer, you die. I feel most alive when I find myself face to face with my fear. " © Den Osman

“Man goes to the mountains again and again, just as man goes to the stormy sea again and again, because only among the wild elements of nature can a person challenge his deep abilities, as our ancestors did in ancient times. Modern life is a kind of artificial existence. Most of the real qualities are simply turned off as unnecessary, and most of us do not even imagine what they really are, do not know the full power of our own capabilities. And it is in wildlife everyone's true essence comes out. " © Abram T. Collier

“What is the point of buying a car to drive on the asphalt? Where there is asphalt there is nothing interesting, and where it is interesting there is no asphalt. " © Strugatsky brothers

“When travel aims to explore a country that is difficult to access, when it acquaints us with nature, which was known only from superficial and imprecise descriptions, then the difficulty disappears ...

A person is able to overcome many inconveniences of life ... he will find black rusk soaked in spring water tastier than the best dishes, if only he is inspired by curiosity, if the goal he wants to achieve arouses in him a keen interest.

Original Russian Text © M.A. Kovalevsky, "Geographic Determination of Places and Magnetic Observations in the Northern Urals." St. Petersburg, 1853.

Quotes about ecology

“We float all kinds of pesticides and all sorts of waste into the ocean, like a careless hostess sweeping garbage under the carpet.” © Tour Heirdal

“We do not notice the air, but we suffocate without it. So it is with wildlife. Only when we lose it completely, then we realize that we have lost ... ”© Nikolay Sladkov.

“At the beginning of the 21st century, a reckless belief in progress seems like a utopia. We know that the resources of our planet are partially depleted, we know that we are upsetting the balance of both the climate and the subsoil, and we ourselves, compared to those who lived before us, are also depleted in our own way - we do not know how to endure like them pain, endure hardship, work tirelessly. " © Leonid Kruglov

Quotes about running

“I jogged at night once or twice a week, because after working as a bricklayer, I didn't have the strength to train at all. " © Pasang Dawa Sherpa

“Daily running is not a luxury, but a way of life. And I can’t refuse it just because I’m busy up to my throat with other things. If other things were a sufficient reason for me, I would not have been running for a long time. The reasons for running me - one or two and missed, but the reasons to end this occupation - a carriage and a small cart. The only thing that remains for me in such a situation is to continue to groom and cherish those who "once or twice have missed." © Haruki Murakami

Quotes about the Urals (Ural Mountains)

“The Ural mountains are the most notable in the whole Empire and by vocation they are understood as those that were called Hyperborea and Refhea by the first descriptors. Tatars call them Ural ”© V.N. Tatishchev, 1744

“... its highest mountains extend to the very shores, the peaks of which ... are completely devoid of any forest and almost even grass. Although they have different names in different places, they are generally called the Belt of Peace. And in the possession of the sovereign of Moscow, you can see only these mountains, which probably seemed to be ancient Riphean or Hyperborean ”. © Sigismund Herberstein 1549 (Signpost to the Pechora, Ugra and the Ob River)

Mountain system in the Urals, located between the East European and West Siberian plains. The Ural Mountains are located on the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan and are unique geographic feature dividing the continent of Eurasia into two parts.

In ancient sources, the Ural Mountains were called Riphean or Hyperborean. Russian pioneers called them "Stone". The toponym "Ural" is most likely taken from the Bashkir language and means "stone belt".

The length is more than 2000 km, the width is from 40 to 150 km.
Height above sea level: 1895 m.
Area: 781,100 km2

The formation of the Ural mountain system began about 350 million years ago and ended about 200 million years ago.

The mountains originate from the shores of the Arctic Ocean and end in the sultry deserts of Kazakhstan.

Mineral resources of the Ural mountains
In the bowels of the Urals, untold riches are hidden, known to the whole world. This is the famous malachite, and gems, colorfully described by Bazhov in his tales, asbestos, platinum, gold and other minerals. Of the 55 types of the most important minerals that were developed in the USSR, 48 are represented in the Urals.

The nature of the Ural mountains

This land is famous for its incredible beauty of nature. People come here to look at amazing mountains, plunge into the clear waters of numerous lakes, go down into caves or raft along the turbulent rivers of the Ural Mountains.
The beauty of these mountains is best seen in natural parks and reserves. Once in the Sverdlovsk region, you must certainly visit the "Oleniy Ruchyi". Tourists come here to see drawings of an ancient man carved on the surface of the rock. In the Kapova cave, scientists have discovered rock paintings that are more than 14 thousand years old. In total, about 200 works of ancient artists were found in its open spaces. In addition, you can visit the numerous halls, grottoes and galleries located on three levels, admire the underground lakes.

Fauna of the Ural Mountains

The fauna of the "Earth belt" is not less diverse. The predominant position in the local fauna is occupied by forest animals, whose habitat is coniferous, deciduous or mixed forests. So, in coniferous forests squirrels live, the basis of the diet of which are spruce seeds, and in winter these cute animals with a fluffy tail feed on previously stored pine nuts and dried mushrooms. The marten is widespread in local forests, the existence of which is difficult to imagine without the already mentioned squirrel, for which this predator hunts.
But the real wealth of these places is a fur game, the fame of which extends far beyond the region, for example, the sable that lives in the forests of the Northern Urals. True, it differs from the dark Siberian sable in its less beautiful reddish skin. Uncontrolled hunting for a valuable fluffy animal is prohibited at the legislative level. Without this prohibition, it would probably have already been completely destroyed.
The taiga forests of the Ural Mountains are also home to wolf, bear and elk traditional for Russia. Roe deer are found in mixed forests. On the plains adjacent to mountain ranges, the hare and the fox feel at ease. We did not make a reservation: they live precisely on flat terrain, and the forest for them is just a shelter. And, of course, the crowns of trees are well inhabited by many species of birds.

Usually a mountain means a mountain tectonic origin. But there are also erosive and volcanic... Among the tectonic ones, there are folded, blocky and folded-block the mountains.

Tectonic mountains

Tectonic mountains- these are mountain ranges that originated on the seabed.

Volcanic mountains

During volcanic eruptions, magma does not always manage to reach the earth's surface. If the upper layers of the earth's crust at the site of the eruption are very strong and the cracks do not reach the surface of the Earth, the magma stops and freezes, raising the sedimentary rocks. Huge mountain-like domes are formed. Gore volcanic origin not much on the globe.

Folded mountains

Folded mountains- these are mountains in which rock layers are crumpled into folds and, as a result of vertical movements of the earth's crust, are raised above the surrounding terrain.

Parts of the mountains

The high parts of the mountains are called peaks, and the pointed peaks - peaks.

Rocks

Mountain range

On the earth's surface, it is very rare to find a lonely mountain. Usually mountains are located in a row one after another for several tens or even hundreds of kilometers. Such a group of mountains stretched out in a line is called mountain range.

Mountain valley

The depression between two mountain ranges is called a mountain valley (Fig. 57).

Mountain country

Sometimes, in a relatively small area, there is a huge accumulation of individual mountains and mountain ranges. It is difficult to make sense of such a jumble of mountains, because the mountain ranges stretch in all directions. Such a cluster of mountains is called mountainous country.

It is known that everything on Earth, absolutely everything, at some point is born, exists for some time, develops and then dies off, is destroyed, being replaced by something new. And this applies not only to plants and animals, but also to rivers, lakes, seas, mountains. Mountains, made of very hard rocks, live their own lives.

Thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions of years pass, mountains grow old, pointed peaks disappear, and once mighty ridges more and more resemble hills. Vast plains are formed.

Alps

Alps- these are the highest mountains in Europe. The peaks of the Alps are covered with snow and ice that do not melt throughout the year. The most high mountain Mont Blanc (height 4810 m) is called the "White Mountain". Glaciers go down the slopes of the mountains. As they melt, they give rise to mountain rivers and waterfalls- streams of water falling vertically down from steep cliffs. Deep valleys divide the mountains into separate ridges- elongated mountain chains. The lowest parts of the ridges are called re-roars.

Mountaineering

Every year hundreds of climbers climb the highest peaks of the mountain ranges. Their path is not easy: after all, most of it passes along the slopes covered with ice and snow. At the height of summer, there are frosts and strong winds blow. Climbers have boots with iron spikes on their feet, ice-pipes in their hands. You have to go very carefully: in the ice you come across narrow deep cracks, which are not visible, since from above they are often covered with snow.

Everyday life, everyday life, bustle, reinforced concrete cities prevent us from observing the beauty that we are surrounded by, megalopolises are buzzing like a bee hive. Haste and running around negate attention to the world around you and to your own thoughts. Mountaineering, on the other hand, provides an opportunity to get away from all this and, willingly not willingly, makes you take your time, observe the weather and nature, be measured in thoughts and actions. Apparently, that is why I am so attracted to this sport (Ivan Kvashnin).

On July 14, 2017, employees of the AlpIndustria store in the Moscow shopping center Aviapark Ivan Kvashnin and Alexei Preobrazhensky climbed to the top of Kazbek, making their dream come true. From the ascent, the guys brought several films of amazing photographs and a lot of impressions, two different views on the ascent. So, about mountains and about thoughts.

Alexey Preobrazhensky

What does a person think about at an altitude of 3000 meters, step by step climbing the mountain with a heavy backpack on his back? For me, perhaps, this was the most important and decisive question on this journey.

In July 2017, my colleague Vanya and I climbed Kazbek from the Georgian side. I do not want to talk about the technical aspects of our ascent, give exact numbers and describe how and what we used from the equipment. For me, something else was important - thoughts. And how they can affect the perception of the environment and human behavior in extreme conditions.

It was the power of thought that helped me rise higher and realize why this is necessary. There is plenty of time to think and delve into oneself on such a journey. A monotonous ascent with a verified step is akin to meditation. The brain gives commands to the muscles: "Go", "Go", "One more step", "Second". And at the same time sets the mood: "You must!", "You can!", "You can do it!".

Plunging into myself, I thought about life below, about some small joys and the fact that we do not notice the beauty around us at all and take for granted what we have. I was thinking about people close to me, about what could make them happier, just by giving a little more of my attention ... And with the climb, it seemed to me that my thoughts became more pure and correct.

When an exhausted, exhausted body alarmingly signals the brain “That's it! Stop! This is beyond my strength. If you continue in the same spirit, you will break, "the power of thought enters into action:" This is not the limit! You can! You are not worse than others! You have to get there! " And you go through the same amount.

The hardest part was in the parking lots, when the brain realized that the physical activity was over, and no longer kept the muscles in good shape. The body relaxed and did not obey when they wanted to occupy it with some household chores. There, in the parking lots, mountain sickness caused by lack of oxygen made itself felt, and I had a constant headache. At these moments, did I want to go down, into comfort, into civilization? No. I understood that this was my conscious choice, that this was happening here and now and, perhaps, would never happen again. All these thoughts, securely fixed in consciousness, helped to move forward and filled the ascent to the top with meaning. Although for me the end point of our ascent was not so important as the process itself. Perhaps that is why the greatest impression on me was made by the Miley-Khokh peak, which we climbed on the eve of the summit assault. Having gone there four of us, we were the first to go up there in the last days. An interesting route and a stunning view from the top will remain in my memory for a long time and will remind me of our entire journey.

As for the most important and long-awaited event - the assault - as I said, the summit was not an end in itself. The end point of my journey was somewhere deep in me, hiding behind prejudices and limitations, over which I had to rise and look at everything from a new height.

Ivan Kvashnin

Lyosha is a great romantic, and the mountains are even more encouraging to do this. He describes really well what goes on inside almost every person while at altitude.

But I want to immerse you not in the spiritual world, but, probably, to bring you closer to the realities and how I saw the “real” Lyokha, and not that romantic, flying in his thoughts and searching for truth. Well, as Gagarin said, let's go!

Day # 1

Having crossed the border at Upper Lars, we arrived at the town of Stepantsminda (Kazbegi). On the very first evening, we plunged headlong into Georgian cuisine, with the thought that for the next ten days we would eat only sublimates and cereals.

We ate everything and a lot. As my friend's grandmother used to say, if you scratch - scratch, there will be joy for the soul! After these words, Lyokha ordered himself a double portion of grilled vegetables and lemonade.

On the way up to our hostel, Kazbek revealed himself in all his glory. The night was starry. From Stepantsminda the mountain looks very formidable and powerful. In the hostel, I got a room with a view of the top, and I could not sleep until 3:00, looking at her in anticipation through the window. Then the alarm clock rang disgustingly, and the next day came.

Day number 2

We agreed with the locals about a transfer to the Gergeti Church. The transfer was Mitsubishi Delica. Actually, Stepantsminda is the city of these machines. Throughout the entire road, we admired the scenery, and the cliffs a few centimeters from the sides of the car sometimes tickled our nerves and added spice to our adventures.

Having reached the place, we, without thinking twice, put on our backpacks and went to the first overnight place called Zelenka or, as they call it, Green Hotel. Having gained a little height, we went into the clouds. The humidity rose and it became cool. Step by step, we moved away from Georgian kitchen delights and plunged into the realities of climbing in the Alpine style.

When we got to Zelenka, the wind picked up and began to drizzle. We quickly set up our tent and began to cook. Fortunately, here for "centuries" everything has been arranged by tourists. There is a small spring, there are windscreens for tents and "kitchens". Throwing on the fleece and began to cook. While they were preparing, they told funny stories. We ate buckwheat with dried vegetables, drank a couple of cups of hot tea, and on the side after a walking day.

Day number 3

In the morning we were not woken up by an alarm clock, but by the sun. Before us appeared a magnificent clear weather with beautiful views and the snowy peak of Kazbek.

I asked Lyokha how he slept. The answer was not the most cheerful: "I hardly slept." I chalked it up to the fact that the first night in the wild was always like that, and even more so the place in the tent was not the most even one. Lyokha waved his hand with the words "It will still be!". Optimism and cheerfulness spurt out of him like freshly squeezed juice ...

We basked in the sun, had breakfast overlooking the mountain landscapes and set off on our way to the weather station. On the way up from the camp, we got a view of the tongue of the Gergeti glacier and the Chkheri river that flows from it, which washed out the gorge. This look makes an indelible impression, to goose bumps.

Wading the mountain river flowing into the Chkheri with a waterfall, we stumbled into the first obstacle - the Gergeti glacier. It turned out to be completely open and did not conceal treacherous dangers in the form of unreliable bridges and closed cracks. The sun was hot. Having crossed the glacier, bypassing the cracks, we ended up at the meteorological station. Here the height is already felt, but not critical, 3600 m. Exhausted by the sun and walking in crampons on the glacier, we put up a tent and went to register at the "meteo". We had supper and made a decision that we would not storm from 3600 - long and tedious. We will reach 3800, look at the state and, if everything is buzzing, we will move on to 4200. We switched off the flashlights and started listening to rockfalls until we woke up from the stuffiness in the tent.

Day number 4

The weather whispers. We woke up at 6 in the morning, there was nothing to breathe in the tent, we open the zipper - the sun burns our eyes. The air is fresh air, you can sit back and think about the day.

I sincerely called Lyokha the beekeeper, since the height was reflected on his face in the form of one continuous tumor.

Morning passes like groundhog day: we collect equipment, oatmeal, sir, tea and go.

We reached 3800 quickly. Good condition. The weather is good. Without hesitation, we move to 4200. On the way we made a break with a snack. According to Lyokha, it is clear that the height acts, the body fights, as well as its internal ego. Due to the fact that they had been gathering for a long time, the sun came out on the slopes, stones flew down. We are on the edge of a glacier. In my head, the words of V. Vysotsky:

You walk along the edge of the glacier
Without taking your eyes off the top.
The mountains sleep breathing in the clouds
Exhaling avalanches.
But they keep their eyes on you
As if you were promised peace
Cautioning every time
Rockfall and grin of cracks.

We run through this dangerous section and set up camp at 4200. The sun is simply burning out. We are actually in the lens. We must dig in and set up a camp. I give Lyokha a shovel: we need to cheer him up a little. And physical activity is all the better for acclimuha. In general, I always try not to want to do something during acclimatization, so I decided to give him a shovel, thereby instilling the same habit :) And he sat down to melt the snow.

They set up the camp, got drunk and had a snack. It was still a long time before the end of the sunny day, so they whiled away the time playing cards and taking sun baths.

While preparing a supper of sublimates, with sighs they recalled chakhokhbili, ajapsandali, ojakhuri on ketsi and other culinary delights of Georgia. It was with these thoughts that the evening of the fourth day ended.

Day number 5

We wake up. I leave the tent, I understand that the sun will crawl up the slope to us for at least another 2 hours, I dress in everything warm and start making breakfast. While they were melting the snow and going for a radial exit, the sun came down to us and showed itself in all its glory.

We had an acclimatization hike to the summit of Spartak. We did not cut the excess path without climb and decided to move straight, rounding it on the right side, where we started the ascent. It was here that the most beautiful sun, which we had been waiting for all morning, began to burn us out like ants with a lens.

We reached the summit of Spartak quickly enough, with one halt. After sitting at the top (about 4500) and admiring the beauty, we decided to go to Miley, as there was still a lot of time left. On the way back, Lyokha fell waist-deep into a crack. We were in tandem and skillfully worked this moment. Lyokha flew out of the crack like a champagne cork, but the oppressive sense of danger intensified.

We arrived at the assault camp a couple of hours before dark. The scorching sun was very tired. Lyokha is all emotional after being stuck up to his waist in a crack. At supper we looked at the forecast for the following days - it made me think. Having weighed our strength, a bad forecast and a desire to climb, we decided to storm the summit tomorrow.

Day number 6

Wake up at 4 am. It's cold, very cold ... Somehow we begin to prepare breakfast. A couple of spoons of oatmeal and a glass of hot tea are a must. Well at least the thermoses were filled yesterday. While the snow is melting, we are going to all. The night is beautiful, starry, calm. I have been waiting for this feeling for a long time, as if everything had stopped. There is no wind, smells, movement, as if the planet stopped rotating ...

By the time I began to actively gather, Lyokha had already cooked porridge and warmed up the remains of yesterday's tea in a pot. We had a snack, checked the equipment - and off we go. Warmed up only when they started walking. The first steps were difficult: still sleepy, the porridge had not completely failed, and Lyokha complained of a headache.

We are gradually gaining height. We met Poles going to the assault without acclimatization from 3600. I certainly did not envy their condition.

We walked with Lyokha at the same pace, making stops every 40 minutes. Somewhere at 4500 I was lucky to meet the dawn. The views, of course, are breathtaking. For the sake of this, I want to return to the mountains again and again.

While walking, there were two funny moments: first, the inscription on the snow “I'm still alive, your Tonya”, then someone went on the air on our wave with the words “Dzhamshut! Quickly to the gate! "

At 4900 there was a very beautiful bergschrund, we managed to walk inside it. After rest, we moved on. We got to the jumper. The weather is just great, there are no clouds, everything is visible to the horizon! The pre-summit takeoff remained. We go by traverse, we reach the stones, those that lie on the right side. Further ice. Without thinking twice, they threw two ropes of the railing. The last steps - and we are at the top at 11:08. Joy filled us from head to toe. But we do not rejoice for long: the window quickly closes, we run downstairs.

With enough determination, any idiot can climb this mountain, '' said Hall. “But the trick is to get back down alive.

John Krakauer

A crumb of ice hits the face, mixed with strong winds and poor visibility, ice underfoot. I closed and removed the railing. Lyokha still had a headache. For myself, everything, I think, the main thing is to go down to the jumper, the main thing is to the jumper, and then we will get there.

A dense impenetrable cloud awaited us on the cofferdam, the wind died down, the snow crumb stopped burning. We stopped to take a breath and have a snack. And then down, down and down again. Step by step, slowly and surely, through fatigue. By 15:00 we were in the assault camp at 4200. We ate, drank, warmed up. The awareness that was at the top does not come yet. So far, only fatigue and thirst. I couldn't fall asleep quickly, they talked about everything. Then, when it got dark, I fell asleep.

Day number 7

We collect things and run down, until the sun came out on the slopes. The descent was long and rather tiring, as they fell directly to Stepantsminda from 4200. At 16 o'clock we were in the hostel, dirty, burnt, but happy.

In conclusion, I want to say, go to the mountains, love the mountains. But keep it clean. The planet gives us life, it is our home. Take care of her!

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